OTS-KINGS-AND-EXODUS.pptx. Kings and books

Biblical

1. KINGS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

2. KINGS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (c 1025-925 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT SAUL NONE DID EVIL ISHBOSHETH SON UNKNOWN DAVID NONE DID RIGHT SOLOMON (JEDIDAH) SON DID RIGHT IN YOUTH, EVIL IN OLD AGE

3. KINGS OF JUDAH

4. KINGS OF JUDAH (c 925-586 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT REHOBOAM SON DID EVIL ABIJAM (ABIJAH) SON DID EVIL ASA SON DID RIGHT JEHOSHAPHAT SON DID RIGHT JEHORAM (JORAM) SON DID RIGHT

5. KINGS OF JUDAH (c 925-586 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT AHAZIAH (AZARIAH / JEHOAHAZ) SON DID EVIL ATHALIAH MOTHER DID EVIL JOASH (JEHOASH) SON OF AHAZIAH DID RIGHT IN YOUTH, EVIL IN OLD AGE AMAZIAH SON DID RIGHT IN YOUTH, EVIL IN OLD AGE UZZIAH (AZARIAH) SON DID RIGHT

6. KINGS OF JUDAH (c 925-586 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT JOTHAM SON DID RIGHT AHAZ SON DID EVIL HEZEKIAH SON DID RIGHT IN YOUTH, EVIL IN OLD AGE MANASSEH SON DID EVIL AMON SON DID EVIL

7. KINGS OF JUDAH (c 925-586 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT JOSIAH SON DID RIGHT JEHOAHAZ (SHALLUM) SON DID EVIL JEHOIAKIM (ELIAKIM) SON OF JOSIAH DID EVIL JEHOIACHIN (CONIAH / JECONIAH) SON DID EVIL ZEDEKIAH (MATTADIAH) SON OF JOSIAH DID EVIL

8. KINGS OF ISRAEL

9. KINGS OF ISRAEL (c 925-721 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT JEROBOAM SERVANT DID EVIL NADAB SON DID EVIL BAASHA NONE DID EVIL ELAH SON DID EVIL ZIMRI CAPTAIN DID EVIL

10. KINGS OF ISRAEL (c 925-721 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT OMRI CAPTAIN DID EVIL AHAB SON DID EVIL AHAZIAH SON DID EVIL JEHORAM (JORAM) SON OF AHAB DID EVIL JEHO CAPTAIN MIXED

11. KINGS OF ISRAEL (c 925-721 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT JEHOAHAZ SON DID EVIL JOASH (JEHOASH) SON DID EVIL JEROBOAM II SON DID EVIL ZACHARIAH SON DID EVIL SHALLUM NONE MIXED

12. KINGS OF ISRAEL (c 925-721 BC) KING RELATIONSHIP TO PREVIOUS KING GOD’S JUDGMENT MENAHEM NONE DID EVIL PEKAHIAH SON DID EVIL PEKAH CAPTAIN DID EVIL HOSEAH NONE DID EVIL

13. THE GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF ANCIENT ISRAEL AND JUDAH

14. INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS

15. I. NAME OF THE BOOK

16. In Hebrew (MT) it is the first word of the book, “and these are the words (names).” B. In the LXX translation it is ek ‘ odos which means “a way out” or “a road out.” C. In the Latin Vulgate of Jerome it is "exodus."

17. II. CANONIZATION

18. A. It is part of the first section of the Hebrew Canon called "The Torah" or "teachings" or "Law." B. The section is known as the Pentateuch (five scrolls) in the LXX.

19. C. It is sometimes called "The Five Books of Moses" in English. D. It includes a continuous historical account by Moses from creation through Moses' life, Genesis - Deuteronomy.

20. III. GENRE

21. - The book of Exodus includes three types of literary genre. A. Historical narrative, Ex. 1-19; 32-34 B. Poetry, Ex. 15 C. Specifications for the Tabernacle, Ex. 25-31, and its construction, 35-40

22. IV. AUTHORSHIP

23. A. The Torah is one unified account. Exodus starts with the conjunction "and." See lengthy discussion in Genesis outline. B. There are several places in Exodus where it says that Moses wrote: 1. 17:14; 2. 24:4, 12; 3. 34:27, 28

24. C. Joshua 8:31 quotes Exodus 20:25 and attributes it to Moses. Jesus quotes Ex. 20:12,17 and attributes it to Moses, Mk. 7:10.

25. V. DATE OF THE EXODUS

26. A. There have been two scholarly opinions on the date of the Exodus:

27. A. There have been two scholarly opinions on the date of the Exodus: 1. from I Kings 6:1, which says, "480 years from the Exodus to the building of Solomon's Temple" :23 a. Solomon began to reign in 970 B.C. This is figured by using the battle of Qarqar (853 B.C.) as a certain starting date.

28. b. The Temple was built in his fourth year (965 B.C.), and the Exodus occurred about 1445/6 B.C. 2. This would make it occur in the 18th Egyptian Dynasty. a. The Pharaoh of the oppression would be Thutmose III (1490-1436 B.C.).

29. b. The Pharaoh of the Exodus would be Amenhotep II (1436-1407 B.C.). (1) Some believe evidence from Jericho based on the fact that no diplomatic correspondence occurred between Jericho and Egypt during the reign of Amenhotep III (1413-1377 B.C.).

30. (2) The Amarna texts record diplomatic correspondence written on ostraca about the Habiru over-running the land of Canaan in the reign of Amenhotep III. Therefore, the Exodus occurred in the reign of Amenhotep II. (3) The period of the Judges is not long enough if the 13th century is the date of Exodus.

31. 3. The possible problems with these dates are: a. The Septuagint (LXX) has 440 years not 480. b. It is possible that 480 years is representative of 12 generations of 40 years each, therefore, a figurative number.

32. c. There are 12 generations of priests from Aaron to Solomon (cf. I Chr. 6), then 12 from Solomon to the Second Temple. The Jews, like the Greeks, reckoned a generation as forty years. So, there is a 480 year period back and forward (symbolic use of numbers) (cf. Bimson’s Redating the Exodus and Conquest).

33. 4. There are three other texts that mention dates: a. Genesis 15:13,16 (cf. Acts 7:6), 400 years of bondage; b. Exodus 12:40-41 (cf. Gal. 3:17); MT - 430 years of sojourn in Egypt (2) LXX - 215 years of sojourn in Egypt

34. c. Judges 11:26 - 300 years between Jephthah's day and the conquest (supports 1445 date) d. Acts 13:19, exodus, wanderings and conquest - 450 years

35. 5. The author of Kings used specific historical references and did not round numbers (Edwin Thiele, A Chronology of the Hebrew Kings, pp. 83-85

36. B. The tentative evidence from archaeology seems to point toward a date of 1290 B.C., or the 19th Egyptian Dynasty.

37. 1. Joseph was able to visit his father and Pharaoh in this same day. The first native Pharaoh who began to move the capital of Egypt from Thebes back to the Nile Delta, to a place called Avaris / Zoan /Tanis which was the old Hyksos capital, was Seti I (1309-1290). He would be the Pharaoh of the oppression.

38. a. This seems to fit two pieces of information about the Hyksos reign of Egypt. (1) A stele has been found from the time of Rameses II that commemorates the founding of Avaris four hundred years earlier (1700's B.C. by the Hyksos) (2) The prophecy of Genesis 15:13 speaks of a 400 year oppression

39. b. This implies that Joseph's rise to power was under a Hyksos (Semitic) Pharaoh. The new Egyptian dynasty is referred to in Ex. 1:8.

40. 2. The Hyksos, an Egyptian word meaning “rulers of foreign lands,” who were a group of non-Egyptian Semitic rulers, controlled Egypt during the 15th and 16th Dynasties (1720-24 1570 B.C.). Some want to relate them to Joseph’s rise to power. If we subtract the 430 years of Ex. 12:40 from 1720 B.C., we get a date of about 1290 B.C.

41. 3. Seti I's son was Rameses II (1290-1224). This name is mentioned as one of the store cities built by the Hebrew slaves, Ex. 1:11. Also this same district in Egypt near Goshen is called Rameses, Gen. 47:11. Avaris / Zoan /Tanis was known as "House of Rameses" from 1300-1100 B.C.

42. 4. Thutmoses III was known as a great builder, as was Rameses II. 5. Rameses II had 47 daughters living in separate palaces.

43. 6. Archaeology has shown that most of the large walled cities of Canaan (Hazor, Debir , Lachish) were destroyed and rapidly rebuilt around 1250 B.C. In allowing for a 38 year wilderness wandering period this fits a date of 1290 B.C.

44. 7. Archaeology has found a reference to the Israelis being in southern Canaan on a memorial stele of Rameses' successor Merneptah (1224-1214 B.C. [cf. The Stele of Merneptah , dated 1220 B.C.]).

45. 8. Edom and Moab seem to have attained strong national identity in the late 1300's B.C. These countries were not organized in the 15th century ( Glueck ).

46. 9. The book entitled Redating the Exodus and Conquest by John J. Bimson , published by the University of Sheffield, 1978, argues against all of the archaeological evidence for an early Date

47. VI. LITERARY UNITS (CONTEXT)

48. A. Brief Outline 1. Israel in Egypt, 1-11 2. Israel leaves Egypt, 12-18

49. 3. Israel at Mt. Sinai, 19-40 a. Laws of life at Mt. Sinai, 19-24

50. b. Laws of worship at Mt. Sinai, 25-40 (1) Tabernacle design, 25-31 (2) Rebellion and covenant renewal, 32-34 (3) Tabernacle built, 35-40

51. B. The Plagues 1. They show God's judgement on the gods of Egypt. They seem to have occurred over an 18 month period. They involve natural events, yet with:

52. a. supernatural timing b. supernatural intensity c. supernatural location

53. 2. Brief outline of the 10 plagues

54. Nile turned to blood, 7:14-25 b. frogs, 8:1-15 c. lice, gnats, 8:16-19 d. flies, 8:20-32 e. disease of cattle, 9:1-7

55. f. boils, 9:8-12 g. hail, 9:13-35 h. locusts, 10:1-20 i . darkness, 10:21-29 j. death angel, death of first born, 11:1-8

56. C. List of feast/fast days of chapter 23: 1. weekly Sabbath, 23:3 2. Passover (14th of Nisan), 23:5; Ex. 12 3. Unleavened Bread (15th-21st of Nisan), 23:6-8; Deut. 16:1-8

57. 4. First Fruits (22nd of Nisan), 23:9-14 5. Pentecost or Feast of Weeks (50 days after 21st of Nisan, 6th sivan ), 23:15-21; Dt. 16:9-12 6. Blowing of Trumpets (1st Tishri), 23:23-25; Num. 29:1-6

58. 7. Day of Atonement (10th Tishri), 23:26-32; Num. 29:7-11 8. Feast of Booths (15th Tishri), 23:33-44; Num. 29:12-40; Deut. 16:13-17

59. D. Detailed outline 1. see R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the OT, p 560-562 2. see E. J. Young, An Introduction to the OT, p 63-72 3. see NIV Study Bible, p 85-87

60. VII. MAIN TRUTHS

61. A. It continues the history begun in Genesis. It documents the development of the chosen family into a chosen nation. Though they are enslaved in Egypt, they will possess the Promised Land (Gen. 12:1-3; 15:16).

62. B. It records the covenant laws at Mt. Sinai (Horeb)

63. 1. How should we live! ( Decalog and supplements) 2. How should we worship! (Tabernacle, priests, procedures, time, and rituals) 3. It is a “how to” manual for the Tabernacle (Leviticus)

64. C. It documents God's great acts of love and mercy toward Israel which were prophesied to Abraham, Gen. 15:16.

65. D. God's dealing with Pharaoh shows the balance between God's sovereignty and man's free will:

66. 1. God hardened Pharaoh's heart a. 7:3, 13 d. 11:10 b. 9:12 e. 14:4, 8 c. 10:1, 20, 27

67. 2. Pharaoh hardened his own heart a. 8:15, 32 b. 9:34

68. GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE BOOK OF EXODUS

69. I. Introduction (Exodus 1:1-7) A. Genealogy of Israel in Egypt B. Growth of Israelite population

70. II. Israel's Oppression in Egypt (Exodus 1:8-22) A. Pharaoh's decree to oppress Israelites B. The killing of Hebrew infants

71. III. The Birth and Early Life of Moses (Exodus 2:1-10) A. Birth and rescue of Moses B. Adoption by Pharaoh's daughter

72. IV. Moses' Flight to Midian (Exodus 2:11-25) A. Moses kills an Egyptian B. Moses' exile and marriage in Midian

73. V. The Calling of Moses (Exodus 3:1-4:17) A. The burning bush (3:1-10) B. God's revelation of His name (3:13-15) C. Moses' objections and God's reassurances

74. VI. Moses Returns to Egypt (Exodus 4:18-31) A. Moses returns with Aaron B. The initial response of the Israelites

75. VII. Confrontation with Pharaoh (Exodus 5:1-23) A. Moses and Aaron demand freedom B. Increased oppression of the Israelites

76. VIII. The Lord’s Assurance (Exodus 6:1-13) A. God's covenantal promise B. Reassurance of deliverance

77. IX. The Lineage of Moses and Aaron (Exodus 6:14-30)

78. X. The Plagues and Deliverance (Exodus 7:1-12:30) A. The plagues: Signs of God’s power 1. Water turned to blood (7:14-25) 2. Frogs (8:1-15) 3. Gnats (8:16-19) 4. Flies (8:20-32) 5. Livestock disease (9:1-7 )

79. 6 . Boils (9:8-12) 7. Hail (9:13-35) 8. Locusts (10:1-20) 9. Darkness (10:21-29) 10. Death of the firstborn (11:1-10; 12:1-30) B. The Passover (Exodus 12:1-13) C. The Exodus from Egypt (Exodus 12:31-42)

80. XI. The Journey to Sinai (Exodus 12:43-15:21) A. Consecration of the firstborn (13:1-16) B. Crossing the Red Sea (14:1-31) C. Song of Moses and Miriam (15:1-21)

81. XII. Wilderness Journey (Exodus 15:22-18:27) A. Bitter water made sweet (15:22-27) B. Manna and quail provided (16:1-36) C. Water from the rock (17:1-7) D. Victory over Amalek (17:8-16) E. Jethro’s advice (18:1-27)

82. XIII. Arrival at Sinai (Exodus 19:1-25) A. Preparation to meet God B. The giving of the Ten Commandments

83. XIV. The Covenant Code (Exodus 20:1-23:33) A. The Ten Commandments (20:1-17) B. Laws and statutes (20:22-23:33)

84. XV. Ratification of the Covenant (Exodus 24:1-18) A. Moses, Aaron, and the elders before God B. The covenant confirmed with sacrifices

85. XVI. Instructions for the Tabernacle (Exodus 25:1-31:18) A. Design and materials for the Tabernacle (25:1-40:38) B. The priesthood and its responsibilities (28:1-43) C. The Sabbath command (31:12-18)

86. XVII. The Golden Calf (Exodus 32:1-35) A. Israel's idolatry and Moses' intercession B. Consequences and restoration

87. XVIII. Renewal of the Covenant (Exodus 33:1-34:35) A. God’s presence assured (33:1-23) B. New tablets of stone (34:1-28)

88. XIX. Construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 35:1-40:38) A. Contributions and craftsmanship (35:4-36:7) B. Assembly of the Tabernacle (40:1-33) C. God’s glory fills the Tabernacle (40:34-38)