ovarian hormones bds.pptx

FUNCTIONS of ovarian hormones

1. OVARIAN HORMONES Monday, June 12, 2023

2. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OVARIES To produce female sex hormones Oestrogens Progesterone Monday, June 12, 2023

3. OES T RO G ENS C-18 steroid. 3 forms Oestradiol - Principal & most potent (90%) Oestrone – weak ovarian oestrogen. Oestriol – Degradation product of Oestradiol or Oestrone.

4. Site :Normal non pregnant female by theca interna and granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles Small quantity also secreted by adrenal cortex,breast,some areas of brain,placenta (pregnant),and by Sertoli cells (males) Monday, June 12, 2023

5. BIOSYNTHESIS CHOLESTEROL PREGNENOLONE PR O G E S T ER O N E 17HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE 17ά HYDROXYPROGESTERONE D H E A ANDROSTENEDIONE TESTOSTERONE O E S T R O N E 17 B OESTRADIOL O E S T R I OL Monday, June 12, 2023

6. INTERACTION Monday, June 12, 2023

7. PLASMA LEVELS Normal adult women In early follicular phase – 36 microgm/D Just Before Ovulation – 380 microgm/ D During mid-luteal phase–250 microgm/D After menopause – 50 microgm/D TRANSPORT – 2 forms Bound – 98%(60% to albumin, 38% -β-Globulin) Free – 2% Monday, June 12, 2023

8. METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF OESTROGEN Liver Catabolism – at C-16 to form oestriol Conjugation – with Glucoronic & Sulphuric acid to form watersolublecompounds Excretion – 4/5 urine 1/5 bile Monday, June 12, 2023

9. FUNCTIONS OF OESTROGENS Reproductive actions Embryonic life Prepubertal stage Puberty Adult woman Monday, June 12, 2023

10. Growth and development of genital organs Ovaries… Fallopian tubes… Uterus… Cervix… vagina… External genitalia… Appearance of secondary sex characters. AT PUBERTY Monday, June 12, 2023

11. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GENITAL ORGANS Ovaries – increase in size, starts complete ovarian cycle characterized by folliculosis,ovulation,corpus luteum formation Fallopian tubes - becomes functional, more ciliated & motility increases to transport shedded gamates . Uterus – enlarges (smooth muscle fibres and myometrial coat) , thickness increases, begins menstrual cycle. Cervix – enlarge with onset menstrual cycle Vagina – Increase in size, change in epithelium.

12. IN ADULT WOMAN Maintenance of pregnancy and parturition Breast development Monday, June 12, 2023

13. OTHER ACTIONS Effect on Bones Effect on metabolism P r o tein Fat Water and electrolyte balance Effect on CNS Effect on vasculature Effect on Skin Monday, June 12, 2023

14. EFFECT ON BONES Accelerate linear growth of bones at puberty by osteoblastic activity. Enlarges hip & widens inlet of pelvic bone to facilitate child birth Maintain balance between bone formation & bone resorption

15. EFFECT ON METABOLISM Protein – Causes positive nitrogen balance due to growth promoting effect. Fat – causes fat deposition in subcutaneous tissue, breast & thigh.

16. WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE Causes salt & water retention in body & causes premenstrual tension

17. EFFECT ON CNS Resposible for oestrous behaviour & increases libido. -Deficiency in PMW development of alzhiemers

18. EFFECT ON VASCULATURE Vasodilator by local release of NO ,prostaglandins & anti-vasoconstrictor effect. Inhibition of endothelin 1 release

19. EFFECT ON SKIN Makes skin soft & more vascular. Makes sebaceous glands secretions thin So synthetic oestrogens also used as a part of treatment of acne.

20. THERAPEUTIC USES reduce Menopausal symptoms prevent Postmenopausal osteoporosis. prevent progression to Atherosclerosis Contraceptive with progesterone. SIDE EFFECT Uterine and Breast cancer. Monday, June 12, 2023

21. PRO G ES T E R O N E C-21 steroid mainly for maintenance of pregnancy. Also called prostagens. Monday, June 12, 2023

22. PRO G ES T E R O N E Site – In non-pregnant women by corpus luteum & after pregnancy by placenta & by adrenal cortex & testes in males. Synthesis – from Cholesterol. Monday, June 12, 2023

23. PLASMA LEVELS & TRANSPORT Plasma levels – in early follicular phase 9 ng/dl & late 18ng/dl. Transport- Bound (98%) form – 80% - albumin, 38% - transcortin Free form (2%)

24. METABOLISM AND EXCRETION Metabolism – in liver Progesterone to Pregnanediol & 17α hydroxy- progesterone to Pregnanetriol Then conjugated with glucoronic acid & sulphuric acid to form water soluble substances Excretion- urine & Bile.

25. BIOSYNTHESIS CHOLESTEROL PREGNENOLONE PR O G E S T ER O N E 17HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE 17ά HYDROXYPROGESTERONE D H E A ANDROSTENEDIONE TESTOSTERONE O E S T R O N E 17 B OESTRADIOL O E S T R I OL Monday, June 12, 2023

26. F U N C T I ONS Reproductive actions Uterus - Endometrium – responsible for secretory phase & prepare endometrium to receive zygote. Uterine motility – Decreases uterine motility Endocervix – cervical secretions –thick & viscid & ferning pattern disappears. Monday, June 12, 2023

27. F U N C T I ONS Reproductive actions Vagina – thickend epithelium, cornified & infiltrated with leucocytes. Fallopian Tubes – increases epithelial secretions rich in nutritive materials Breast – Causes lobular & alveolar growth of breast. During pregnancy – main function to maintain pregnancy. Monday, June 12, 2023

28. F U N C T I ONS Other actions Thermogenic Effect – increases basal body temperature by 0.5 0C in post ovulatory phase Effect on CNS – Decreases appetite & produce somnolence Effect on Respiration – Increases sensitivity of centers for CO 2 Effect on Metabolism – Decreases serum HDL & acts as Proatherogenic. Monday, June 12, 2023

29. OTHER OVARIAN HORMONES Inhibin – inhibit FSH release Activin – activate FSH secretions Relaxin – during pregnancy relaxes pubic symphysis & pelvic joints, softens & dilates uterine cervix & fascilitate delivery. Ovarian Androgen – Responsible for acne vulgaris, libido & pubic hair. Monday, June 12, 2023

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