ovary - Anatomy, histology and embryological development of ovary

Overview
*Anatomy
Location
Peritoneal relation
External features
*Blood supply
*Lymphatics drainage
*Nerve supply
*Embryology
*histology

1. ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF OVARY RAMAGOPALAN S

2. OVERVIEW: Anatomy Location Peritoneal relation External features Blood supply Lymphatics drainage Nerve supply Embryology histology

3. ANATOMY

4. Anatomy The ovary is ovoid or almond in shape. It is about 3 cm long, 2 cm wide and 1 cm thick Ovaries lie on each side of the uterus, almost vertically. Suspended in the pelvic cavity by a double fold of peritoneum. Location:

5. Peritoneal relation: Anatomy Each ovary is attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by a short peritoneal fold called mesovarium . Each ovary is almost entirely covered by the peritoneum except along the mesovarian . The mesovarium acts as a hilum of the ovary and conveys blood vessels and nerves to the ovary.

6. External features: Anatomy The ovary presents the following external features. Two extremities or poles. Two surfaces. Two borders.

7. Poles: Anatomy Upper pole: It is broader than the lower pole Suspensory ligament of ovary Lower pole: Connected to the lateral angle of the uterus by ligament of ovary . Surfaces: Later surface: lies in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessels. Medial surface: mainly related to the uterine tube.

8. Anatomy Anterior border: Attached to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by a double fold of peritoneum, the mesovarium . Posterior border: Free border, related ureter. Borders:

9. Anatomy Blood supply: Arterial supply: mainly, ovarian artery which arises from the aorta at the level of L1 vertebra. Venous drainage: The right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava while the left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein. Lymphatics drainage: Pre-aortic and para-aortic lymph nodes Nerve supply: Postganglionic sympathetic (T10, T11) and parasympathetic (S2, S3, S4) fibres, derived from abdominal autonomic plexuses. The visceral afferent fibres from the ovary run along the sympathetic pathways to the spinal segments T10, T11.

10. Embryology

11. Embryology The coelomic epithelium on the medial side of the mesonephros becomes thickened to form genital ridges. Primordial germs cells, that are formed in relation to yolk sac, migrate to the region of developing ovary, and give rise to oocytes.

12. Embryology Primordial germ cells associate with sex cords Cords of cells proliferate from this germinal epithelium, and grow into the underlying mesoderm

13. Embryology The sex cords become broken up into small masses. The cells of each mass surround one primordial germ cell, or oocyte, to form a primordial follicle.

14. Embryology Mesenchymal cells, surrounding the developing ovaries, form tunica albuginea. Genital ridge, becomes germinal epithelium and covering tunica albuginea

15. HISTOLOGY

16. Histology Coverings :Extension of mesovarium forming germinal epithelium , overlying tunica albuginea Parts: Cortex & Medulla

17. Histology Cortex: consists of Stroma: connective tissue & stromal cells Paranchyma : different phases of ovarian follicles

18. Histology Different phases of ovarian follicles: Primordial follicles Primary follicles Secondary follicles Graafian follicles Corpus luteum Corpus albicans

19. Histology Medulla: Most internal part of the ovary, consists of loose connective tissue and blood vessels entering through hilum from mesenteries. Cortex medulla

20. Reference: Human Anatomy, Fourth Edition - Saladin, Kenneth. S JUNQUEIRA's Basic Histology 13th Edition Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied 12 th edition Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 40 th Edition