Over head electricity Ohe manual of trd railway.pdf

ElectricPowerContactlinesareprovidedasoverhead
conductorsoverrunningRailwaylinestoprovideenergy
toelectricallydrivenRailwaylocomotivesorthetrainsets.
Ascomparedtodiesellocomotives,whosepoweris
limitedtothepermissibleaxleloadandthemoving
dimensionsforaccommodationofthedieselengine,the
contactlinespermitalmostunlimitedpoweratthedisposal
oftheelectricallydrivenvehicle.

Higherpowerpermitsheaviertrainstoachievehigher
speeds.ElectricMultipleUnitsprovidefastcommuter
serviceswithquickreversalatterminals,ensuringhigh
frequencyofservice.Onrouteswherethecommuter
servicessharetrackswithmainlinetrains,theElectric
MultipleUnitsofferleastinterferencetothelatterdueto
theEMU‟shighaccelerationrates.

Themajoradvantagesofelectrictractionare,economy
inoperationandmaintenance,savinginconsumptionof
scarcedieseloilandincreasedthroughputoftraffic.In
additionitiseco-friendly.Thecapitalcostforprovision
offixedinstallationrequiredforelectrictractionisfound
adequatelyremunerativeforrouteshavinghighlevelsof
traffic.

1.MainWorksconsistof:
Provisionofmosteconomical&reliableelectric
contactsystemtocontinuouslysupplypowertothe
movingelectricrollingstock.
PowerSupplyArrangements
Provisionofswitchestoregulatetheflowofpower
alongwiththeelectricprotectivegear.

Monitoringandremotecontrolofpowersupply.
Immunisationofsignallingandthetrackside
telecommunicationcircuits&equipmentsagainst
electromagneticandelectrostaticeffectsof25kV,50
Hz,singlephasetractionpowersupply.
Modernizationofsignallingandtelecommunications.
Provisionofmaintenance&operationfacilitiesfor
electrictraction.

2.DisciplinewisedivisionofWorks.
DifferentEngineeringdisciplinestakeuptheirportion
oftheworkwhichformcomponentsofElectrification
works.Thesearegivenbelow:-
a)Electrical:
ProvisionofOverheadEquipment,booster
transformersandreturnconductor.
ProvisionofPowerSupplyEquipment,transmission
lines,tractionsubstations,andinstallationofPower
SupplyControlPosts.

RemoteControlofthePowersupplyEquipment
ElectricLocomotiveMaintenancefacilities.
AncillaryWorksofmodificationtotheexistingpower
supplyarrangementsontheroutetoimmunizethe
systemagainstinducedvoltagesduetothetraction
currentsandprovisionofpowersupplyatnewpoints.
LiaisonwithElectricityAuthoritiestomodifytheir
powerlinecrossingstosuit25kVactractionandtoavail
hightensioninputpowersupplyforTSS.

Consequentialelectricalworkslikeelectrification
andair-conditioningofservicebuildingsandstaff
quarters.
b)SignalandTelecommunications:
Provisionofcolourlightsignalsandimmunizationof
thesignalinginstallationagainstinductioneffectsof
25kVactractionpowersupplysystem.
ProvisionofundergroundcablesfortheRailway‟s
telecommunicationlinesandprovisionofadditional
tractioncontrolcircuits.

LiaisoningwiththeDepartmentof
Telecommunicationsformodificationoftheircircuits
toimmunizethemagainstinducedvoltagesdueto
tractioncurrent.
c)CivilEngineering:
Yardre-modelling,slewingoftracks,sidingsandall
trackworks.
Constructionoflocosheds,servicebuildings,and
staffquarters.

Modificationtooverlinestructuressuchasover
bridges,flyovers,throughgirderbridgesetcaswell
astotunnels,platformsheltersandwatercolumnsto
suit25kVacclearances.

BeforedesigningthePowerSupplyarrangementsandthe
typeofOverheadequipmentforasection;achoiceis
requiredtobemadewhetherconventional25kVa.c.
systemistobeadoptedor2x25kVa.c.Autotransformer
systemistobeadopted.Thischoicedependsupona
numberoffactorsviz.thesectionstobeprovidedwith
boostertransformersandreturnconductorasdemandedby
theDepartmentofTelecommunications,thedemandof
powerforthevolumeandtypeofthetrafficandsuitable
locationsavailablefortractionsubstation.

RailwayElectrification,beingamulti-disciplinaryproject
work,needsclosecoordinationamongstelectrical,signalling&
telecommunicationsandcivilengineeringdisciplines.Further
coordinationwithoutsideagenciessuchasPowerSupply
Authorities,theDepartmentoftelecommunications,the
RevenueofficialsaswellaswithOpenLineorganizationon
whosesectiontheworkistobetakenupisalsorequired.
AccordinglytheorganizationforRailwayElectrification
coordinatesworksofallthedisciplinesandtheagenciesfrom
inceptiontocompletionincludingsupportservicestotheopen
lineinearlystagesofelectrictractionoverthesection.

MainConsideration
•RailwayElectrification,beinginthenatureofmajor
improvementtotheinfrastructureofasectionistaken
upbasicallyonrouteshavinghighdensityoftraffic.
Shortspursorthoselineswhichinterconnectthe
electrifiedlinesandexpectedtoimprovethemobilityof
therollingstockarealsotakenupforelectrification

FinancialEvaluation
AsRailwayElectrificationentailscapitalexpenditure,
thesanctiontotheprojectissubjecttoCostBenefit
Analysis(CBA)throughDiscountedCashFlow(DCF)
technique.Twoscenariosareconsidered:one,under
dieseltraction,andtheotherunderelectrictraction;for
thegivenvolumeoftrafficforecastonthesectionfora
longenoughperiodoftimesuchas30yearsafterthe
energisationofthesectiononelectrictraction.

Thecashoutflowsunderthetwoscenariosare
discountedattheapprovedrate(14%and12%
thereafter)overthelifeoftheproject(takenas35years,
about5yearsforconstructionand30yearsthereafter,of
operation)Ifthetotalofthestreamoftheannual
discountedcashflowforelectrictractionisfoundtobe
lowerthanthatfordieseltraction,theprojectis
consideredasremunerativeanddesirableforapproval.

SometimesanEconomicanalysisisalsocalledforsuchas
whenfundingbyaninternationalaidagencyviz.the
WorldBankofAsianDevelopmentBankisproposed.
AlthoughtheEconomicanalysisisalsocarriedoutonthe
sameDCFtechnique,theinputsandtheoutputsreflectthe
Socialcostsandbenefits,andthediscountfactorschosen
mayalsobedifferent,beingdependentuponfunds
availableforinvestmentforfuturebenefitagainstthose
requiredforimmediateconsumptionandasdecidedby,
say,thePlanningCommission.

Theinvestmentinelectrictractionisfoundremunerativeon
accountof:
a)Lowerfuelcosts
b)Lessnumberoflocomotives,
c)Loweroperatingcostsand
d)Lowerlocomotivemaintenancecostsacomparedto
dieseltractionongivenvalueoftraffic.
ThetrafficlevelinGrossMilliontonneperroutekilometer
perannumatwhichtheminimumacceptablerateofreturnis
obtainediscalledthe“BreakEvenLevel”oftrafficdensity.

a) Early Years
Attheendofthe19
th
centuryelectricitywasin
widespreaduseforrunningtramsinNorthAmerica
andEurope,sincemoreeconomicalthanhaulageby
horses.By1930stheelectrictractionwasinusein
differentpartsoftheworldovershorthighdensity
mainlineorsuburbansections.

Thesystemofsupplywasusually1500Vdcalthough
somesectionsat600Vdcor750Vdcwiththirdrail
systemwerealsoadopted.Thecoppercatenarywas
heavyandcomplex,rectifiersubstationswere
requiredtobelocatedatcloseintervals.Thecostof
electrificationwashigh.InIndia,also,by1930the
suburbansectionsofMumbaiandChennaiwere
electrifiedat1500Vdc.

Therewereonlytwomainlinesectionsonelectric
tractione.g.MumbaitoPuneandfromKalyanto
Igatpuri.Theelectrificationdrasticallyincreasedthe
throughputoftrafficoverthesesections,bothhaving
1in37gradientovertheWesternGhatsThesteam
tractionrequiredreversingstationstonegotiate,such
steepinclines.Therebeingnoadequategenerating
capacityinthecountry,theentirepowerforthese
electrifiedsectionswasgeneratedandtransmittedbythe
thenGreatIndianPeninsularRailwaytoit‟straction
substations.

b) Post World War : II Scenario
AfterIndia‟sindependence,electrificationof
Howrah-Burdwansectionon3000Vdcwastakenup
andwascompletedin1958.Inthemeanwhilein
1955theFrenchNationalRailway(SNCF)whohad
perfectedthesystemofElectrificationon25kVac,
demonstrateditsadvantagesattheinternational
conferenceoftheInternationalUnionofRailways
(UIC)atLilleinFrance.

Themajoradvantagesof25kVac50Hzsinglephase
systemwasalightOverheadEquipment,simpletraction
substationslocatedafarfeedingpowertorectifier
locomotiveshavingtapchangercontrolgivinggreatly
improvedadhesioncharacteristics.Buttheadjacent
signallingandtelecommunicationscircuitsneeded
immunisationfromtheelectro-magneticallyinduced
voltagesduetotractioncurrents.

Thiscalledformodificationtothesecircuitsandtotheir
terminalequipment,butintheprocessgavean
opportunitytoimproveandupgradetheseequipment.This
systemwasmorereliableandonthewholecheaperto
constructandtomaintain;theaclocomotivecouldhaul
heavierloadsandgavebetteraccelerationthandc
locomotives.However,suchasystemwasdependentupon
powersupplyfromExtraHighVoltagegridsystem
havingadequateshortcircuitcapacityrequiredfor
supplyingtheextentofsinglephasetractionloads.

Weighingtheadvantagesofthissystemandthefactthat
suchgridsystemwasalsointheprocessofbeingsetupin
thecountry,IndianRailwaysintheyear1957decidedto
adopt25kVac50HZsinglephasesystemforallfuture
RailwayElectrificationschemes,aswellastoconvertthe
systemof3000Vdctractionrecentlyestablishedin
Burdwan-HowrahsectionofEasternRailwayandthe
oneexistingat1500Vdconthesuburbanmetergauge
sectionofChennaionSouthernRailway,tothissystem
foruniformity.

FortheinitialstagesthetechnicalcollaborationofSNCF
wastaken.Choiceof25kVacsinglephasesystemat
industrialfrequency(50Hz)gavealargedrivetowards
mainlineelectrificationofIndianRailway.Duringthe
secondandthirdFiveYearPlans,electrificationofthe
coalandironoreroutesservingthesteelplantslocatedon
theEasternandSouthEasternRailwayswascarriedout.

TocaterforthesuburbancommutertrafficofSealdah
DivisionofEasternRailwaysofaronsteamtraction,these
routesontheDivisionwereelectrified.Electrificationof
Igatpuri-BhusavalsectionofCentralRailwayand
Tambaram-Villupuram(MeterGauge)sectionofSouthern
Railwaywasalsotakenup.

c) Corporate Plan of Indian Railways.
IndianRailways,intheirfirstCorporatePlanforthe
period1974-89,identifiedtheBroadGaugetrunk
routesinter-connectingthefourmajormetropolitan
citiesviz.Kolkata,Chennai,MumbaiandDelhiwere
identifiedandultimatelyelectrified.,Theselineshad
highpotentialforgrowthoftrafficalongwithother
highdensitycoalandorecarryingroutes.

d)AcceleratedPaceofElectrification
TheArab-Israelwarsofthe1970shighlightedthe
strategicnatureofPetroleumandtheirscarcityvalue.
Furtherthesharpincreaseinthecostofoilinthe
periodfrom1973to1980andincreasingoutflowof
India‟sforeignexchangeforimportingpetroleumand
itsproductsspurredtheGovernmentofIndiain1980,
totakeapolicydecisiontoacceleratethepaceof
Railwayelectrification.

Thetargetwastoachieveelectrificationof1000RKM
peryear.Thoughthiswasnotachieved,arateof
hitherto150to200kmofenergisationwasincreasedto
arateof500to600kmperyearfrom1985onwards.
Electrificationofcompleterouteratherthansectionhas
been,thereafter,planned.By1992Electrificationof
Delhi-Kolkatta,Kolkatta-Mumbai,Delhi-Secunderabad
andBangalorewerecompletedandconnectedtothe
electrifiednetwork.

TheOverheadEquipmentandthePowerSupplyon
someoftheelectrifiedroutesarebeingstrengthenedto
catertogoodstrainwiththeloadsof9000tonne.The
majormilestonehasbeenachievedinOct.2005,when
theelectrificationofHWH-Chennairoutewas
completed.

ThesuccessiveCorporatePlansofIndianRailways
generallyidentifytheroutesmostsuitablefor
electrification.Followingconsiderationsdictatethe
priorityforelectrificationofaroute:
a)Hightrafficdensity.
b)Extensionofanelectrifiedrouteonshortspuror
interconnectionoftwoelectrifiedroutestoimproverolling
stockmobility,and
c)Passengercommutersections.

Availabilityofrequisitepowersupplyatreasonableratesisa
basicconditioncombinedwithavailabilityofadequateshort
circuitpoweratthepointoftapforthesinglephasetraction
powerneeds.ThezonalRailwaysandtheRailwayBoard
maintainsectionwisetrafficdensityfiguresasapartoftheir
statistics.
Withthisasthebaseandtheanticipationsoffuturetrafficthe
highesttrafficdensityrouteswhicharenotelectrifiedareshort
listed,aftermakingalistofsuchroutesandshortlistingthem
inorderoftheiroperatingbenefits,prioritiesforelectrification
arefinalizedbytheMinistryofRailwaysinconsultationwith
thePlanningCommission.

1.General
Afterhavingnarroweddownthechoiceofrouteswhich
maybeconsideredforelectrification,itisessentialto
furtherexaminethechosenrouteindetailforitssuitability
forelectrificationinfollowingaspects:
a)Thefeasibilityandavailabilityofreliablepowersupply,
suitabilityoftheterrainandoftheoverlinestructure(or
theiramenabilitytomodifications)tosuittheelectrical
clearances,andofterminalyardstobeabletoprovide
linesforchangeoftraction.

b)Arealisticassessmentofthecostoftheproject.
c)Thefinancialviabilityoftheinvestment.
Toascertaintheabovedetailsarouteissurveyedfor
RailwayElectrification.Thesurveymayeitherbea
“ReconnaissanceSurvey”oradetailedfoot-by-foot
“Cost-cum-FeasibilitySurvey”asthecircumstances
callfor.

2. Reconnaissance Survey
This is a rapid survey examining the salient and vital
points, leaving the details to be worked out in the
extensive foot by foot Survey. The survey covers the
following items.
a)Assessmentofexistingtrafficandrealistic
forecastofprojectedtraffic,bothforgoodsand
passenger,includingspecialrequirementssuchas
plansforrunningsuperfastpassengertrainsor/and
ofheavyhaulgoodstrains.

b)Availability of Electric Power.
c)Detailsofthesectioncoveringtheterrain,theterminal
yards,thesignalandtelecommunicationinstallation
andthevolumeofworkinvolvedinmodificationto
overlinestructuresandtheoverbridgestosuitac
traction.Thisisnormallydonebyajointinspection
teamoftheofficersoftheconcerneddisciplinesviz.
electrical,civilengineering,andsignaland
telecommunicationsusingmotortrolleyoranOHE
inspectioncar.

d)Anideaofthelengthsoftheroutetobeequippedwithbooster
transformersandreturnconductor,involvingapreliminary
discussionwithDepartmentofTelecommunications.
e)Theinformationcollectedbythisrapidsurveyyieldsafairly
accurateideaofthevolumeofElectrificationworkcontent.For
obtaininganestimatewithin10to20%ofit‟scost,Unitcosts
derivedfromarecentlycompletedprojectoncostperunitof
work,orperrouteortrackkm,asmostapplicable,areapplied
tothequantitiesofthecomponentworksestimated,andthe
projectcostisworkedout.Basedonthelatestcostofinputs:of
fuel-electricenergy,specificfuelorenergyconsumptionand
otheroperatingandmaintenancenormsderivedfromstatistical
dataarateofreturnisworkedout.

Thefeasibilityforelectrification,itscostanditsremunerative-
nesssoworkedoutgivesadequateinformationbasedonwhich
theprojectcanbesanctioned.However,ifthecompetent
authoritydesirestoexaminetheprojectmoreclosely,thena
detailedCost-cum-FeasibilitySurveyhastobetakenup.
ThissurveyhastobeincludedintheprogrammeforSurveys
andsanctionedintheAnnualWorksProgrammebythe
RailwayBoardandaseparateorganizationsetuptoconduct
it.Suchasituationmayarise,forexample,whenthecostof
inputshasalteredradicallyandthetrafficdensityforecaston
therouteisnotverymuchabovethe„breakeven‟level.

3.Cost–cum–FeasibilitySurvey
AmultidisciplinarySurveyTeamisformed
expresslyforcarryingoutthedetailedsurvey.This
surveyorganisationfinalisesthewiringplan,
conductsfootbyfootsurveyfortherouteand
preparesthesurveyplansfollowedbythepre-
peggingandpeggingplan.Theteamexaminesthe
clearancesontheroutetosuit25kVac50Hzsingle
phasesystemandsuggestsmodificationswherever
required.

Byliaisingwiththepowersupplyauthoritiesandthe
DepartmentofTelecommunications,italsoexamines
indetailtheavailabilityofpowerandthequantumof
protectionrequiredbytheDepartmentof
Telecommunicationsrespectively.Thesestudiesgivea
sufficientidearegardingtheamountofworkinvolved
andthecostimplicationstobeworkedout.Basedon
thesethefinancialviabilityoftheworkisexamined.

FinallyallthesedetailsareincorporatedintheProject
ReportandtheAbstractEstimateispreparedwhichis
placedbeforethecompetentauthorityforsanctionof
theRailwayElectrificationproject.Onsanctionofthe
projectthedrawingsarepreparedandtheestimates
madeareusedforcallingoftendersandfinalizationof
scheduleofquantities.Accuratefoot-by-footsurvey,
andcarefullyfinalizeddesignspreparedbyasurvey
organizationisthecornerstoneofasuccessful
ElectrificationProject.

Havingnarrowedthefieldtoafewrouteswhichcanbe
beneficiallyelectrified,anaccurateestimateofthecostsand
benefitslikelytoaccruearerequiredtoassistintakingthe
decisiontoinvestinelectrificationofaparticularroute.
Toobtainthese,acostcumfeasibilitysurveyissanctionedby
theRailwayBoard.
Thesurveyteamconsistsofofficersandsubordinatesof
Electrical,Signal,TelecommunicationandCivilEngineering
disciplinesalongwiththoseofOperatingandFinance.

Theteambeingmultidisciplinary,individualmembers
workinclosecoordination,finalizingtheirportionof
surveyanddesignworkthoroughly.
Theofficerbelongingtoelectricaldisciplinegenerally
coordinatesalltheactivities.
Individualmembers,discipline-wiseresponsibilitiesare
itemizedinthefollowingparagraphs

1ItemofSurvey/DataCollectionRemarks
a)
TractionPowersupply:
Availabilityofpoweratreasonable
tariff.Suitablelocationsofpointsof
powersupply.Costandtime
scheduletoobtainpowersupply.
Basedondiscussionsand
finalizationsofdetailswith
theconcernedPowersupply
authorities.
b)FootbyFootSurveyoftheRoute.
ClosecoordinationofCivil
Engineer(Survey)essential.
c)
RoutesurveyofRailway‟s
transmissionlinefromsupply
Authority‟sgridsub-station
ClosecoordinationofCivil
Engineer(Survey)essential.

2
Items of works and drawings to be
finalized
Remarks
a)
The “Wiring Plan” indicating the tracks
to be wired
Finalized with open
line: the Operating
Officer (Survey)
coordinates.b)
The Sectioning Diagram for Traction
Overhead Equipment
c)
The General Supply DiagramIndicating
location of PowerControl Points
Finalized in consultation
with the open line and
Supply Authorities.
d)
The pegging Plans for Traction Over
Head Equipment
Prepared as a result of
foot by foot survey

e)
The plans for modification of power
distribution lines at stations and yards to
immunize them against Electro-Magnetic
induction effects of traction power supply.
Finalisedin
consultation with
Open Line
f)
Modifications to Power LineCrossings of
ElectricitySupply Authorities to suit
Electric Traction Authorities
Finalisedin
consultation with
SupplyAuthorities.
g)
The location of Electricloco shed and Trip
inspectionsheds.
Finalisedin
consultation with
Open line
h)
Locations of OHE & PSImaintenance
depots; their staff strength, tools & plant
road and rail vehicles.
Finalisedin
consultation with
Open line

i)
CostEstimatesforitemsofwork
includingpaymentstothePower
SupplyAuthoritiesforTraction
PowerSupply
ByElectricalMember
aftertakingdetailsfrom
Supplyauthorities.
j)
Overall coordination of survey,
preparation of Project Report and
Abstract Estimate and Financial
appraisal of the project appraisal of
the project
Norms required for
Financial appraisal to be
collected from Open
Line & verified

ItemsofsurveyandtheirfinalisationRemarks
a)
Trafficdensity,existingand
forecast,bothgoodsand
passenger;trainloadsandspeeds.
Assessmentbasedondata
obtainedfromtheOpenLine
&RailwayBoard;forecasts
should beacceptedby
them.
b)
LocationofRemoteControl
Centreopenlineincoordination
with
Finalisedinconsultation
WithElectricalofficerofthe
Survey.
c)
Remodeling&wiringtobedone
inYards&atchangeoftraction
points.

Items of survey and their finalisation Remarks
d)
Movement of Over dimensional
consignments Finalisedin consultation
With Electrical officer of the
Survey.
e)
Assessment of locomotives
required
f)
Location of Electric locoshed and
trip inspection shed
Finalisedin consultation
With Electrical officer of the
Survey.
(see also para2(g) above)

1 Survey Remarks
a)Existing signallinginstallations
Data collection
during field survey
b)
Existing telecommunicationInstallations
c)
Department ofTelecommunication„s
overhead track crossings.and a general
idea of their Installations along the route.

2
Itemsofdesignsanddrawingstobe
finalized
Remarks
a)
Designofcolourlightsignalsatlarge
andwaysidestations
Inaccordancewith
approvedpoliciesofthe
RailwayBoard
b)
DesignofTelecommunicationsystem
incorporatingtheadditionalcircuits
requiredforelectrictraction
c)
TappingDiagramfor
i)Remotecontrol
ii)TractionPowerControl
iii)TractionLocoControl
Incoordinationwith
Electricalofficerof
Surveyteamandwith
approvalofOpenLine

2
Items of designs and drawings to be
finalized
Remarks
d)
Telecommunication facilitieswith
Remote Control Centers and Supply
Authorities‟ load dispatch centers
In coordination with
Electrical officer of
Survey team and with
approval of OpenLine
e)
The sections on the route where
Booster transformers and return
conductor are to be provided
To be finalized with
DOT
f)
Cost estimates of signaling &
telecommunications works and of
payments to DOT for taking up
protection worksagainst induction
from traction currents

1Survey Remarks
a)ForpreparationofRollDiagram ToupdatetheexistingRoll
Diagramincorporatingthe
existinggroundconditionsand
doublingworksinhandandin
imminentfuture.
b)Ofover-linestructures:
i)ThroughGirderbridges
ii)Longdecktypebridges
iii)Flyovers&RoadOver-Bridges
iv)Tunnels
DrawingsofOpenLinetobe
verifiedandupdatedduring
thedetailedsurvey
c)Re-modelingandtrackworksin
handandunderprogress
DuringfieldSurvey
d)Soilconditionsovertheroute Duringsurvey

2 Finalisation of Designs Remarks
a)
Plans for Modification to
over line structures to suit ac
traction clearances.
With the approval of Open
Line
b)
Designs of supports for OHE
on bridge and in tunnels
With the approval of Open
Line
c)
Details of Plans to alter the track
geometry through realignment, re-
sleeperingor remodeling etc.
Details are required to be
incorporated in the survey
sheets.
d)
Site Plans for Service Buildings,
loco sheds, staff quarters & Remote
Control Center.
With the approval of Open
Line

2 Finalisation of Designs Remarks
e)Land Acquisition Plans
To be coordinated
with Civil District
Revenue Official
f)
Right of way including Land acquisition
for Railway‟s transmission line
g)
Estimate of costs for civil
Engineering works.

Thefinanceofficeexaminesthecostestimates,the
financialappraisalfortheProjectReportandallother
financialdetails,essentialtofinalizetheProject
ReportandtheAbstractEstimate.

Toensurethevalidityofthedrawingsandthedesigns
finalised,thesearerequiredtobeacceptedbytheHeads
oftheDepartmentsoftheOpenLineorganization.
Accordingly,theyshouldbearthesignatureofthe
concernedauthorities,beinggivenintokenofapproval.
OntheOpenLine,generally,theChiefElectrical
Engineerfunctionsasthecoordinatingofficer.

However,fortechnicalmatters,theofficersofthe
concerneddisciplinesofthesurveyteamdiscussand
finalisethedetailswiththeHeadsoftheDepartmentsof
theopenline.

Quietoften,worksforinfrastructureimprovementssuch
asYardRe-modeling,RouteRelayinterlockingofother
worksnotdirectlylinkedwithRailwayElectrificationare
requiredtobetakenupconcurrentlybytheElectrification
team,beingasuitableagencytoexecutesuchawork.
Itisessentialthatthesurveyteamclearlyidentifiessuch
worktoensuretheirallocationtotheappropriateHeadof
Account,isolatingthemfromthecostforElectrification
works.

Thiswillensurethatthefinancialviabilityofthe
ElectrificationProjectremainsfactualandthecost
estimatesremainwithintheirlegitimatePlanHeads.

OHEandPowerSupplyinstallationsformamajorportion
ofthecostofRailwayElectrification.
Toestimatetheaccuratecost,routesurvey,finalized
PeggingPlansandtheGeneralPowerSupplyDiagrams
arerequired.
Thisentailsfollowingstepsofsurveyanddrawingwork:
a)FinalizationoftheWiringPlanshowingthetracks
requiredtobewired.

b)FinalizationoftheSectioningDiagram,which
indicatestheelectricalsectionsinwhichtheOHEisto
bedivided.
c)FinalizationoftheGeneralPowerSupplyDiagram
whichgivesschematicarrangementofequipments
andremotecontrolledCB‟satthelocationsofthe
TSS,FP‟s,SSP‟s,andtheS.P‟s.(whichareall
coveredunderthegeneralterm-SupplyControl
Posts).
d)PreparationoftheSurveyPlansbasedonthefield
survey.

e)PreparationofthePre-peggingplanonthesurvey
sheet,basedontheinformationcontainedinitems(b)
and(c)above.
f)Preparationofthefinalpeggingplanaftersite
verification.
Thefirststepintheabovesequenceoftheplansisto
obtainandupdatetheRollDiagram,finalizethewiring
Planinadvanceofthefieldsurveysothatthetracks
proposedtobewiredaresurveyedindetail.

TheGeneralSupplyDiagramandtheSectioningDiagram
maybefinalizedconcurrentlywiththefieldsurvey,but
priortocommencementofworkontheOHEPre-pegging
Plans.
FordefinitionofdifferentelectricalsectionsofOHE
denotedbyelementarysection,sub-sectorandsector,see
“PrinciplesforLayoutPlansandSectioningDiagramsfor
25kVACTraction,documentissuedbyRDSO.”

Thesectionsovertheroutewhereboostertransformersand
returnconductorarerequiredtobeprovidedhavetobe
finalizedpriortothepreparationoftheGeneralSupply
Diagram.Alsoifitisdecidedtoprovidethe2x25kVAT
system,apriordecisiononthisaccountiscalledfor.

TheRollDiagramformsthebasisofthewiringplan.This
isschematicdiagram,whichindicatesthetracksexisting
onthegroundi.e.ontheopenroute,atstationsandin
yards.
ThebasicplanisobtainedfromtheOpenLineandis
updatedbyincorporatingthereinalltheremodelingworks
takenupthereafter.Thetakeoffpointsofprivatesiding
(whichmayneedtobewired)andthose,whichrun
alongsidethetrackstobewiredarealsoshown.

Itisalsovitaltoindicateunderasuitablelegendthe
RemodelingandDoublingworksinprogressorinhandon
thisplan.Suchworksaffectthedesignoftraction
overheadequipment.Thoseworks,whichhavetobetaken
intoaccountforthedesigns,havetobeaccuratelyand
formallyfinalizedwiththeOpenLineofficials.A
specimenofRollDiagramisshownFig.

PLATEFORM
SIDING
PLATEFORM
GOODS SHED
DOUBLING IN HAND
FIG.1.3.1
SPECIMEN ROLL DIAGRAM
(LINES SHOWN DOTTED :- REMODELLING WORKS, LINES TO BE PROVIDED)
NOTE :- THIS IS BASICALLY A CIVIL ENGG. DRAWING.
STATION
UP
DN
UP
DN
UP
DN
SHUNTING NECK
CLASSIFICATION YARD
UP DEPARTURE
DN DEPARTURE
SHUNTING NECK
PRIVATE SIDING
TO DIESEL SHED
PROPOSED
ELECTRIC
LOCO SHED
TO
UP RECEPTION
DN RECEPTION

Thewiringplanindicatesthetracks,whicharetobe
providedwithtractionoverheadequipmentformovement
ofelectricstock.
Yardlinessuchassorting,classification,humpingaswell
assidings,shouldalsobewired,sothattheelectric
locomotivescouldbeusedforshuntingandhumping
duties.

Sinceoptimizingthecostofelectrificationistheprimary
responsibilityofthesurveyteam,itisofgreatimportance
totheofficersofthesurveyteamtocriticallystudyyard
movementssoastofinalizethemosteconomicyard
wiringplanswiththeopenlineofficials.
Generally,intheyards,receptionlinesreceiving
electricallyhauledtrainsarewiredinfull,butonlythetop
endsofthedeparturelinesarewired(dependinguponhow
placementistobedoneonthedeparturelines).

Medicalvansidingsandloopsarewiredfullysothatthevan
canbemovedbyfirstavailableelectriclocomotiveineither
direction.
Insomeyardscrossoversmayexistbetweentwowiredlines
butforshuntingmovementbynon-electricenginesonly.These
shouldbeinvariablywiredtopreventOHEandlocomotive
pantographdamage,intheeventanelectricengineisrouted
overitinadvertently.
Generallytheprivatesidingsarerequiredtobewiredin
accordancewithcurrentpolicyoftheIndianRailways,thecost
sharingbeingdependentupontheAgreementwiththesiding
owner.

Inadditiontoachievingeconomy,thereisneedtooptimize
onthereliabilityandcostofrepairsandmaintenanceof
theOHE.
Yardderailments,mightdamagetheOHEresultingin
powerhavingtobeswitchedoffnotonlyofthedamaged
portion,butalsotheadjacenttrackforcraneworking.
Sectioning/switchingarrangementshallbemadesuchthat
minimumsectioncanbeswitchedoff.Aspecimenofa
WiringPlanforayardisshowninfigure.

PLATEFORM
SIDING
PLATEFORM
GOODS SHED
DOUBLING IN HAND
FIG.1.3.2
SPECIMEN WIRING PLANS
(LINES SHOWN DOTTED : REMODELLING WORKS TO BE PROVIDED)
NOTE :- 1. LINES NOT TO BE WIRED SHOWN .
STATION
UP
DN
UP
DN
UP
DN
SHUNTING NECK
CLASSIFICATION YARD
(TO BE WIRED AT THE ENDS FOR ELECTRIC LOCO USE
UP DEPARTURE
DN DEPARTURE
SHUNTING NECK
PRIVATE SIDING
TO DIESEL SHED
PROPOSED
ELECTRIC
LOCO SHED
TO
UP RECEPTION
DN RECEPTION
2. REMODELLED TRACK TO BE WIRED IS SHOWN IN GREEN .
LOCO LINE
ALONG WITH SHUNTING NECK)

•Oncethewiringplanisfinalized,thenextstepisto
makethesectioningdiagramwhichindicatesthe
electricaldivisionoftheOHE,inconvenientpartssoas
tolimittheportion,whichcanbeisolatedandtakenout
ofserviceforeithermaintenanceorduetobreakdown,
toaminimumportionpermittingtherestformovement
ofelectricstockandthusminimizingthedislocationto
thetrainmovement.

•HoweversectioningofOHEshouldbekepttothe
minimuminnumber,commensuratewithtraffic
movementrequirementssuchthatitgivesbestpossible
reliabilityandavailabilityoftheOHE.

a)Mainrunninglinesandloopsshouldbeelectricallyseparate
fromsecondarylinesandyardlines.
b)Ondoubletracksection,OHEsofUpandDowntracksshould
beelectricallyseparate.UnlessitisinevitabletheOHEsofUp
andDownlinesshouldbesupportedonseparatestructures.
c)Linesfordifferentactivitiesshouldbeelectricallyseparate.In
yards,reception,dispatch,commonexitandentrylines,
enginerunaroundlines,locoshedlinesandsidingsshouldbe
separatedfromeachother.

d)Electriclocomotivelinesusedforlocomotivepitlines,and
sidingswhereopenwagonsareloadedorunloaded,shouldbe
speciallyisolatedatbothendsthroughshortneutralsections
andshallbeprovidedwithearthingarrangementforthedead
sectionatbothends,forthesafetyofpersonnelworkingclose
toOHE.
e)OppositetofeedingposteitheraninsulatedoverlaporaPTFE
sectioninsulatororaPTFEtypeneutralsectionisinsertedin
theOHE.
f)AtSectioningPostsaneutralsectionisprovidedintheOHE
(preferablyPTFEtype).

g)Onmainrunninglineeveryblocksectionshouldbeseparate
fromtheadjacentblocksection.
h)Runninglinesimmediatelyinrearofnormalcrossovers
shouldbeelectricallyseparate,toenableuseofcrossoverto
divertatrain,incaseOHEintherearofthecrossoverisnot
availablefortrainmovement.
i)Onmainrunninglinesthesectioningshouldbesuchthatthe
electricalinsulatedoverlapisprotectedbyastopsignal.This
willpermitdirectreceptionofthetrainuptothestopsignal
evenwhenthereisapowerblockaheadofthestopsignal.

j)Atawaysidestation,ifalooplinehasseparatestructures
forOHE(Normallyasitshouldbe),havingmechanical
independence,theelectricalisolationoftheloopandthe
mainlinebestaggeredbyhavingtheloopsectioninsulator
locatedbehindtheloopstarterandtheinsulatedoverlapfor
themainjustbeyondtheturnoutwellinadvanceofthe
mainlinestarterThiswillhavetheflexibilityofreceivinga
trainontheloopifthereisapowerblockonthemainline
sectioninrearofthestartersignal,andofbeingableto
dispatchatrainfromthemainlinewhenthereisapower
blockinthetrafficblocksectioninadvanceofthestation.

k)Sectioninginyardsinadditiontotheprovisions
containedinsectionabove,thereceptionanddispatch
linesmayalsobesegregatedingroupsof3or4linesto
formseparateelectricalsection,sogatheringlines,
locomotiverunaroundlines,commonentryandexitlines
havespecialimportance,hencepowersupplytothese
linesshouldbeeitherfromalternatefeedarrangementsor
fromagantrywithbus-bararrangementstoensuretheir
greateravailability.

•Excessivesectioning,resultinginhavingalargenumber
ofisolatingswitches,feederwiresandsectioninsulators
canreducereliabilitywhileincreasingtheneedfor
maintenance.Itshouldbeappreciatedthatanyequipment
installedneedsmaintenanceandisalsoliabletofail.

•Sectioninsulators,overlaps,andisolatingswitchesneed
regularmaintenance,whichrequirespowerblocksonboth
sidesofsuchequipments.Powerblocktakenononeside
ofasectioninsulatorwhichhasnotbeencleanedofsootis
likelytofailattheverymomentthepowerblockistaken,
leadingtoanunwarrantedfailure.Minimumsectioning,
therefore,shouldbetheaimwhilepreparingthe
Sectioningdiagram.Examplesofsectioningareshownin
Fig.

PRINCIPLES OF SECTIONING
I---120 M---I
25kV FEEDER
FEED END
DOUBLE LINE WITH COMMOM LOOP ARRANGEMENT
SINGLE LINE WAY SIDE STATION
NOTE:-LOCATE SSP SUCH THAT
25kV FEEDER LENGTH IS SHORT

LONGEST TRAIN LENGTH
LONGEST TRAIN LENGTH
UP
DN
SECTIONING FOR TRAILING CROSSOVER
BEST LOCATION FOR INSULATED
OVERLAP PROTECTED BY STOP SIGNAL
SIGNAL -OVERLAP (120M)

SHORT NEUTRAL SECTION
(WITH SECTION INSULATOR)
NEUTRAL SECTION (OVERLAP TYPE)
SHORT NEUTRAL SECTION ASSEMBLY
MANUAL OPERATED ISOLATOR
COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
INSULATED OVERLAP
SECTION INSULATOR
REMOTE
CONTROLLED
INTERRUPTOR
UNWIRED LINE
TRACK WITH OHE
MANUAL OPERATED ISOLATOR
WITH EARTHING HEEL
AS ADVANCE STARTER
LEGENDS

HavingdecideduponthesectioningoftheOHEitistobe
decidedwhichsectionshouldhaveremotecontrolled
circuitbreakersandwhichshouldbeprovidedwithlocally
operatedmanualisolatingswitches.
Thesectioningdiagramisnowcombinedwiththegeneral
supplydiagramwhichshowsthelocationsoftheremote
controlledswitchesattheFP,SP,andtheSSP‟s.

ThephysicallocationofthesePostsasshowninthepre-
peggingplansisfinalisedaftersiteinspection.
Thefinalpeggingplancontainstheactuallocationofthe
overlap,thesectioninsulatoraswellasthelocation
selectedforthesupplycontrolpost.

ThegeneralsupplydiagramfixesthelocationsoftheTSS
andsupplycontrolposts.
RemotecontrolandTele-signallingofthestatusofthe
switchesiseffectedattheRemoteControlCentreonthe
consoleoftheTPC.
OtherRemotecontrolswitchessuchasyardandloco
shedcircuitbreakers&interruptersarealsoincorporated
intheGeneralSupplydiagram.
ThisdiagramalsoformsthebasisofRCequipmentfor
thecenterandthecontrolpost.

ThebasicconsiderationinlocatingtheTSSistoensure
satisfactoryvoltageconditionontheOHE.Whilethe
maximumvoltageatthesubstationshouldnotnormally
exceed27.5kV,thevoltageofthefarthestend,based
onthetractionloadconditionstakingintoaccountthe
trafficdensity,theloadsandspeedsofthetrainsandthe
terrain,withonesubstationtakenoutofcommission,
shouldnotfallbelow19kV.

Thedistancebetweentractionsubstationsdecreaseif
thesectionhasboostertransformersandreturn
conductorduetoincreaseinimpedanceofferedby
them,ifhoweverthesystemchosenis2x25kV
system,thedistancebetweensubstationsincreases
considerably,whiledesigningthesystem,thespacing
betweensubstationsiscalculatedfordifferentscenarios
oftractionloadsandsystemofsupplyandoptimized.

Thelocationofthetractionsubstationisdependent
upontheproximityofSupplyauthority‟ssubstations.
Asafirstapproximationthedistancebetweenadjacent
tractionsubstationsmaybetentativelytakenasunder,
howeverrequirementsofincreaseoftrafficinfuture
shallbetakencareof:

System Distance (km)
25 kVwith Booster Transformers
and return conductors
40 -50 Km
25 kVWithout Booster Transformers50 –80 Km
2 x 25 kV AT system 80 –100 Km

InarrivingatthelocationofTSS,apartfromtheabove
considerations,thepracticalneedistohavethem
approachablebyallweatherroads,aswellastohave
minimumlengthofRailway‟sEHVtransmissionlinefrom
theSupplyAuthority‟ssubstation.Siteshouldbedecided
consideringtheseaspectsaswell.
Alsothesiteselectedforthesubstationshouldbefreefrom
dangeroffloodingandwaterlogging,belevel,andneed
minimumamountofacquisitionofland.Thelocations
selectedwiththeseconsiderationswillbethemostsuitable
compromiseandeconomicalaswell.

Itmayinfuturebenecessarytoaddmoretraction
substationsduetheincreaseintrafficandload.When
suchsituationarises,thesectioningpostsbetweenthe
tractionsubstationswillneedtobeconvertedtofeeding
posts.Thisaspectshallbeconsideredinadvanceand
exerciseshallbedonetoseehowfeedingarrangements
willbedoneinsuchcase.Itmaybenotedthattheinterval
betweensubstationsbeingdependentuponthesectionsto
beprovidedwithboostertransformersandreturn
conductor,finalizationofthisdetailisaprerequisiteto
preparationofGeneralSupplyDiagram.

TheconventionalneutralsectionintheOHEatthe
SectioningandParallelingpostis41mlongand
overlaptype.Theelectriclocomotivecoaststhrough
thisdeadsectionincaseitcomestoahaltunderthis
portionofOHE,therebeingnopowerintheOHE,the
electriclocomotivebecomesimmobile.Insucha
situationitneedstobepushedorpulledbyanother
locomotivetobringitunderaliveOHE.

Thesiteforlocationoftheneutralsection,therefore,needstobe
selectedwithcare,sothattheterrainassiststhetraininnegotiating
it.
AccordinglytheneutralsectionfortheSectioningPostshouldbe
locatedonastraighttrackatsufficientdistancefromastopsignal
eitherbehindoraheadofit.
Inundulatingterraintheneutralsectionshouldbelocatedinavalley.
Locatingitonarisinggradientoroncrestofhillisnotdesirable.In
caseasatisfactorylocationcannotbefound,PTFEtypeshortneutral
sectionmaybeprovided.Sincesuchaneutralsectionrequiresmore
inspectionandmaintenanceandstillneedstobeimported,its
unrestricteduseisnotrecommended.

ChiefElectricalEngineersofOpenLineoftendesire
locationofaneutralsectionattheterritoriallimitsoftheir
Railway.
TheSurveyteamshouldcarefullyexaminethisrequest.If
itisestablishedthatbyaccedingtothisdesirethereisno
needtoincreasethetotalnumberoftractionsubstations
andsuitablearrangementsforextendedpowersupply
betweenthetwoRailwaysarepossible,thismaybeagreed
to.

Accountingforcostofsupplyofpowertothesectionon
theadjoiningRailwaycanbereckonedsimplythrough
calculatingtheaveragecostofenergyusedduringthe
accountingperiodforthegrosstonnekmmovedoverthe
sectionfedbythesubstation.

BetweentheFeedingpostandtheSectioningposta
numberofintermediateSub-sectioningandParalleling
postsareinsertedintheOHE,toprovideremotecontrolled
switchesforfacilitatingisolationoffaultysectionsof
OHE.
StationshavinglargeyardsneedtohaveanindividualSSP
sothattheyards,locoshedsandotherrunninglinesare
fedthroughindividualremotecontrolledinterruptersor
circuitbreakers.

The block sections in between the SSP‟s are isolated
through manually operated isolating switches.
A specimen of General Supply diagram is shown in figure
on next slide.

DN
UP
DN
UP
CB CB
CBBMBM BM BM BM BM BM BM
BM
BM
BM BM
BM
BM
BM BS
TO LOCO SHED
NEUTRAL SECTION / INSULATED OVERLAP
FROM TRACTION SUB STATION
SUB SECTOR SUB SECTOR SUB SECTOR
SECTOR
TO YARD
A SAMPLE OF GENERAL SUPPLY DIAGRAM
FIG.1.3.4


U.V.R
FEEDING
POST
(F.O)
SUB SECTIONING
& PARALLELING POST
(S.S.P)
SUB SECTIONING
& PARALLELING POST
(S.S.P)
SECTIONING
& PARALLELING POST
(S.P)
OBBREVIATIONS:- 1. BM : MAIN INTERRUPTOR.
2. BS : YARD INTERRUPTOR.
3. CB : CIRCUIT BREAKER.
4. UVR : UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY.
: INTERRUPTOR.5.
6. : CIRCUIT BREAKER.

Thefinalsectioningdiagramindicatestheentire
sectioning,showingalsotheremotecontrolledswitchesas
shownintheGeneralSupplyDiagram.
Italsoshowsthestructure-numberoftheOHEstructures
onboththesidesoftheinsulatedoverlap,theneutral
sectionorthesectioninsulator,acrosswhichtheswitches
arelocated.
Thesedetailsaretakenfromthefinalizedpeggingplan.

InordertopreparethedesignsofOverheadEquipment
Layout,formingthebasisoftheProjectconstruction
work,adetailedfootbyfootsurveyoftherouteproposed
forElectrificationistakenup.
ThissurveyformsthebasisofSurveySheets.These
sheetsarepreparedtoscale,thelongitudinalscalebeing
1:1000inopenrouteand1:500withinstationlimitsand
inyards.Thesub-scalechosenforcrosssectionsis1:
200.

OnthesesheetstheOHEstructuresandanchor
foundationsaremarkedaccordingtothePrinciplesfor
OHELayoutPlansandSectioningDiagramsfor25kVac
traction-DocumentNo.ETI/OHE/53withA&CSlip
No.1to4issuedbyRDSO.
Theseplans,calledpre-peggingplansarethenverifiedat
siteandmodifiedtositeconditionsandfinalised.
ThefinalplanthusissuediscalledthePeggingPlanand
formsthebasisforestimationofquantities,thecost
estimatesandforscheduleofquantitiestotendersfor
OHEconstructionContracts.

Bondingandearthingplansandplansformodificationof
powerdistributionlineatstationsandyardsarealso
preparedbasedonthesesurveyplans.
Preparationofaccuratedetailedsurveyplan,therefore,
cannotbeoveremphasized.

ASurveyor‟sfieldbookisrequiredtobemaintainedin
whichallthedetailsobtainedduringthesurveyshouldbe
entered.Thesedetailsaretransferredtofieldsketches.
SuchsketchesarethensenttotheDrawingOfficeto
enablepreparationofSurveyplans.
Theentriesinthefieldbookshouldbedatedand
progressrecordedinaccordancewithincreasing
chainage.Detailsenteredshouldincludeimportant
featuresalongthetrackandtheiroffsetfromthecenter
lineofthenearesttrack.

Thechainageoflocationwhereembankmentchangestolevel
groundorlevelgroundtocuttingorviceversashouldbe
recordedastheseareneededtofinalisethefoundationsfor
OHEstructures.
Continuousfeatures,suchas,Trackcenters,widthofcess,
offsetstocontinuousrunningdrains,fencesorpipes,cables;
eitheronsurfaceorburiedunderground,shouldberecorded
atevery50mintervalsonopenrouteandatevery25m
intervalsinyardsandwithinstationslimits.
Crosssectionoftherouteatintervalsof250mshouldalsobe
measuredandrecorded.

a)Trackcentersbetweenalltracks.
b)Trackstructurei.e.typeofsleeper,depthofballast,
widthofcess,embankment,levelorcutting.The
programmeoftrackworkssuchasre-sleeperingwith
prestressedconcretesleepers,deepscreeningofballast
orrailrenewalworks,whichaffectthetracklevels
and/oralignment,shouldalsobeascertainedandnoted.
c)Detailsofcrosssectionevery250m.
Important Features to be noted are:

d)Typeandconditionofsoilevery250mandatgeologic
discontinuities.
e)Buriedwatermains,andcablesandtheirrunsalongside
andacrosstracks.
f)Signalandlocationboxes,signalwires,pointrods,
cranksandsignalcables.
g)Signals:Main,Routing,Shunt;theirtypeandtrackfor
whichmeant,distancefromthecenterlineoftrack.

h)Buildings,huts,platforms,otherstructuressuchas
columnsforover-bridges,abutmentsofroadover-bridges.
i)Platformshelters,theirprofileacrosstracks,heightand
distanceofcolumns,andedgesofsheltersfromadjacent
track.
j)Turnouts,crossovers,anddiamondcrossings,their
deviationnumbersviz.1in8.5,1in12or1in16;
chainageofthefoulingboards/marks;trackcentersat
toesofturnoutsandatthefoulingboards/marks.

k)Watercolumns,ashpitsandsteamblow-downpits
l)FuellingpointsforDiesellocomotives
m)Metalliccircuits(electric,loworhightension;signal;
ortelecommunications)runningparalleltotracksand
theirdistancefromadjacenttrackcenters.
n)Fencing:Metallicorotherwise,runningalongtracks,
chainagesoftheirbeginningandend,andtheirdistance
toadjacenttrackatregularintervals;theirtypeof
construction.

o)Overheadwirecrossingsoftracks:
Telecommunications(Railwayorbelongingto
DepartmentofTelecommunications);signaling;and
power(includingtheirownership),theirvoltageand
clearancesfromeachtrackcrossed;ifthevoltageofthe
powerlineis33kVorabovetheangleofcrossingand
alsothelocationoftwoadjacentsupportsoneitherside
ofthetracks.

p)OverlinestructuressuchasRoadover-bridges,Flyovers,
footover-bridgesandsignalgantries:theirvertical
clearancesfromeachtrackspanned,andhorizontal
distancesoftheirsupportcolumnsorabutmentsfromthe
adjacenttracks;iftheoverlinestructurehassmokebaffle
plates,theclearancetothelowestmemberofthestructure
shouldberecorded.Asketchofthecross–sectionacross
thetracksgivingtheleadingdimensionsisrequiredtobe
prepared.

q)Curves:Whetherrighthandorlefthandasseeninthe
directionofincreasingchainage;thedegreeofcurvature,
andthechainageoftangentpointsbothatthebeginning
oftransitionandofmaincurves;versinesinmmaretaken
every50mmwithnyloncordfortheentirecurve.Actual
versinesmeasuredatthesitemaybedifferentdepending
uponthedisturbancethetrackhassufferedsinceitslast
realignment.

r)LevelCrossings:Theirchainages,andlocationofgate
lodges,whethermannedorunmannedandlocationofgate
signals,ifany.Specialnoteshouldbemadeoflevel
crossingsonimportantroadsorthosegivingaccessto
mainroads(thisisusefulduringconstructionand
subsequentlyformaintenance).Itisprudenttogetthe
informationaboutthenearbyairportsifanyfromcivil
aviation.
s)Locationsofgradientpostsandsignallocationmarker
posts.

t)Culvertsandbridges:Chainageoftheirabutments,peers,
trolleyTrolleyandmanrefuges;whetherculvertsorlong
bridges,ifsowhetherdecktypeorthroughgirdertypeFor
throughgirdertypetheheadroomatentryportalsSketch
showingplanandelevationofthepiersandtheentryportals
arealsorequired.Locationofalignmentofwatermains,cables
andopenwiresrunningonthebridgestructuresshouldalsobe
noted.
u)Tunnels:theirchaingesandprofile,whetherlinedorunlined,
locationoftrolleyandmainrefuges,areaswithextensive
waterseepage,arrangementsofwaterdrainage,andlocation
ofdrains.

v)IdentificationandextentofexposedLocations:Areas
wherefullwindeffectsarelikelytobeencounteredby
OHEstructuresandtermed„Exposedlocations‟shouldbe
noteddown.Thesearegenerallyencounteredonapproach
embankmentstolongbridgesandonthem,highbare
groundsandinvalleyssubjecttofunneleffectofwind.
w)IdentificationofpollutedLocations:Areasadjacentto
factoriesandpowerstationshavinghighambient
pollutionparticlesshouldbeidentifiedandrecorded.

Toensureaccuracyonlysteeltapeorfiberglass/plastic
coatedtapeshouldbeusedformeasurements.
Yellowpaintorcrayonmarksshouldbemarkedontheweb
oftherailalongwhichmeasurementshavebeenmade
every25m.
Oncurvesthechainageshouldbetakenalongtheouterrail
ofthemiddletrackwhenthereareoddnumbersoftracks.
Ifthereareevennumbersoftracksthechainageshouldbe
takenalongtheinnerrailofthefirsttrackoutsidethe
centerlineofthegroupoftracks.

Atthepointofstart„Zero‟chainageistaken.While
proceedingalongthetracksthefeaturesarerecorded
indicatingtheirchainagesandoffsetdistances.
Whenthenextkilometerpostisrecorded.Chainage
distancewithrespecttothenewkmpostiscommenced
afresh.Thuschainagesaretakenfromonekmposttothe
next.

•Theheadroomavailableunderonoverlinestructureisan
importantparameter,thedesignofOHEunderitbeing
governedbythisparameter,itisnecessarytomarkthe
tracklevelontheadjacentsupportcolumnwithyellow
paintandusethisreferencemarktomeasurethe
headroom.

•Thisreferencepointisessentialtobemadepermanent
subsequenttosurveyelseitmayleadtogreat
confusionlateronwhileprovidingtheelectrical
clearancetoOHEandmayradicallyaffectthesolutions
toprovideadequateelectricalclearancewhichare
foundafteradetailedstudysubsequenttofieldsurvey.
Accordingly,alllocationsunderoverlinestructures
havingrestrictedclearanceneedcarefulwatch.

•Thesurveyofsoilcharacteristicsevery250mshould
alsoincludeitstypeandbearingpressurecapacity.
Samplesofthesoilshouldbecollectedandsenttoasoil
mechanicstestlaboratorytoobtainthetypeofsoiland
itsbearingpressure.Thisinformationisrequiredtobe
recordedonthesurveysheet.

•Whilemeasuringversinesoncurvesifitisfoundthatthe
figuresarenotuniformasshouldbefoundforacircular
curveofthatdegree.Itmaybenecessarytohavethetrack
examinedbytheopenlinepermanentwayengineersandget
thecurvesrealignedpriortofinalizationofdesignsofOHE.
•Similarly,thesuper-elevationsmayalsobeadjustedtothe
designedvalues.ThiswillensurethattheOHEdesignshave
beenappropriatelymadeforthedesignedtracklayout
minimizingsubsequentadjustmentsduringoperationofthe
service.

Duringthesurveyitisessentialtoobtainfromtheline
detailsofsuchworkswhichmayalterthetrackgeometry
andwhichmaybetakenupearlierthantheanticipated
programmeofelectrificationsuchas:
Provisionofpre-stressedconcretesleepers,resultingin
risingoftracklevel.

Realignmentofcurvesforhigherspeeds,needinglonger
transitioncurvesandhighersuper-elevation.
Easingofgradients.
Re-modelingofyards,anddoublingworks.
Replacementoflowerspeedturnoutstohigherspeed
turnouts.

•AsOHEiserectedtosuitthetrack,ifanysubsequentalteration
totheerectedOHEhastobedoneitisdifficultandexpensive.
Itis,thereforeadvantageoustoadvisetheopenlinetocomplete
theworkspriortotakinguptheOHEwork.
•ThesurveyPlansshould,indicatetheexistingtracklayoutas
wellasthealteredlocationwithrespecttotheexistingtrack
afterimprovement.Detailsofsuchimprovementsshouldbe
invariablyobtainedthroughjointdispatchwithopenline
officialsduringfootbyfootsurvey.

Thedatarecordedinthefieldbooksbythesurveyor
shouldbepromptlytransferredtofieldsketchesasthe
surveyproceeds.
Thiswillensurethemissingdetailswhichcanreadilybe
collectedbyanothervisittothesitewhichmaybeeither
inprogressorlikelytocommencesoon.
Eachverticallinedenotesdistanceof50monopenroute
and25minyardsandstationlimits.Thehorizontallines
representcenterlinesoftracks.

Majoryardshavingmorethanfivetosixlinesmay
needspecialsketchestobemadeasrequiredtosuitthe
geographicalconditions.
Eachsheetmaycontaindetailsfor250moftrackand
haveatleastonecross-sectionoftheroute.
Alldetailsshouldbecarefullyrecorded,asthisforms
thebasicdocumentforpreparationofthesurveysheets.
Alldistancesshouldbeinmetersandtheversinesin
mm.

•Thepreparationofsurveysheetsisdoneinthedrawing
officesequentiallyonreceiptofthefieldsketches.

Table of Versineson Broad Gauge.
Tablewithvaluesofversinesonspansfor50mand25m
oncurves,alongwiththeformulaobtainingthesevaluesis
givenbelow:
S
2
/4 = (V/1000) x 2x R
HenceV = (125 x S
2
) / R
where S = span in m
V = versinein mm
R = Radius of curve in m.

S.No.
Degree of
curve(°)
Radius of
curve (m)
Versine (mm)
For a span 25mFor a span 50m
1 10 175 447 1789
2 6 292 268 1074
3 5 350 224 895
4 4 438 179 717
5 3 583 134 537
6 2 875 89 358
7 3/2 1164 67 268

S.No.
Degree of
curve(°)
Radius of
curve (m)
Versine (mm)
For a span 25mFor a span 50m
8 1 1747 45 179
9 3/4 2328 33 134
10 1/2 3492 22 89
1)Thesefiguresapplytouniformcurves.Theversinesof
transitioncurvesatthetwoendsofthecurvesarelower.
2)1
0
curveisdefinedasthatwhenin100ft(30.48m)turns
through1/360
th
ofacompletecircle.

AlldrawingsofOHESurveys,Pre-pegging,Pegging
andOHElayoutplans,aswellasSectioning
Diagramsshallcomplywiththestandardslaiddown
inthisspecification.
1.Scope:

•ThestandardsizeshallbeA4i.e.210x297mmor
anyintegralmultipleofthissizeeitherinlengthor
heightorboth,suchas:
Trimmed size of Print
Corresponding size
of Tracing
Length (mm)
210,420,630,840
or 1050
240, 450,660,870
or 1080
Height (mm)297,594 or 891 330,630 or 930
2.SizeofDrawings:
•Aborderlineshouldbeprovidedwithinthetrimmed
print15mmbelowtheedgeofthedrawing

•Alldrawingsshallbepreparedandtrimmedsuchthat
theycanbeneatlyfoldeddifferentlyupanddownand
finallypresentedin210mx297mmsizewithoutany
partsofthefoldsbeingshortoroverlappingand
ensuringthatthetitleofthedrawingisexposedinthe
topfoldsothatitisidentifiedwithoutopeningthe
folds.Shortfoldmarksmaybemadeontheborder
lineofappropriateintervalssoastofacilitatetheir
foldingaccuratelyandneatly
3.FoldsintheDrawings:

•Allplansoftracksshallbepreparedinsucha
mannerthatthedistancefromthereference
terminalincreasesfromlefttoright.
4.OrientationoftheDrawings:

•Followingscaleshallbeadoptedforthesurveyplans:
AlongthetracksAcrossthetracks.
Openroute 1:1000 1:500
Stations&yards 1:500 1:250
•Thescaleadoptedshallbeclearlyindicatedonthetop
sheetattheappropriateplaceonthetitlesheet.
5.Scale:

•Standardsquareuprightletteringofthefollowing
dimensionsshallbeusedasnecessary
Maintitles:5,8,10,or12mm
Subtitles:4or6mm
Notes,legendsordimensions:2or3mm
6.Lettering:

NAMEOFTHEORGANISATION
GROUPNO.
DRG.NO.
DATE TRACKSURVEYPLAN
OHEPEGGINGPLAN
TRACKSURVEYPLAN OHEPEGGINGPLAN
ROUTEKM
TRACKKM
SURVEY/OHE PEGGING/
OHE PREPEGGING PLAN
APPROVED IN PRINCIPLE M
O
D
.
SIGN.DATE
FROM KM
TO KM SIG. OF THE
APPROVING AUTHORITY
SECTION NAME OF THE
ORGANISATION
SIG. OF THE
CEE
MOD DATE NATUREOFMOD SIG RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION
DR.
TC.
CK. SCALE LOGOOFTHE
ORGANISATIONSUR. SUBSCALE
Anuniformstandardpanelshallbeadopted.
7.LayoutofthelegendsPanelandTitleSheet:

Asaresultofthesurveyandfinalizationoftheextentof
workjointlyagreeduponbytheopenlineRailway,
powersupplyAuthoritiesandtheDepartmentof
Telecommunications,thespecificationsandquantumof
theworkarefinalised.
Differentdisciplines,i.e.electrical,civilengineeringand
S&Tengineeringmakerealisticassessmentsoftheir
portionsofworkandworkouttheirrespectivecost
estimates.

ThecostoftheProjectisthenobtainedafteradding
GeneralCharges.
Thefinancial(and,ifrequired,alsotheeconomic)viability
oftheprojectisthenfoundoutbasedontrafficforecasts.
Further,asensitivityanalysis,involvingpercentage
changesincostofimportantinputsandtheireffecton
remunerative-nessoftheprojectisalsotakenuptoensure
thattheprojectremainsviable,evenwhenthecostof
importantinputschangesubsequently.

Afurthermeasureofconfidenceisobtainedfrom
carryingoutProductivityTestonearliercompleted
project,byassessingthebenefitsaccruingvis-à-vis
thoseenvisagedatthetimeofsanctionoftheproject.

ThelistofworkstobetakenupforRailway
Electrificationaregivenbelowengineering
disciplinewise.Boththetypeofworkandtheir
quantumdependuponthepeculiarityofthesection
chosen.

Toincreaseclearancestosuit25kVactraction,wherever
required:
a)underfootoverbridge
b)underroadoverbridges
c)underflyoverbridges
d)Insidetunnels
e)Atentrypointsofthroughgirderbridges.
f)Toplatformshelters
g)Towatercolumns.
CivilEngineering

ToremoveobstructionstolocationofOHEstructures,
wherever,requiredby:
a)slewingoftracksforadequatetrackcentres.
b)Diversionofdrains,and/orwatermainsrunning
alongsidethetracks
c)Shiftingofbuildings,block,huts,signalcabins,
trolleyandmanrefuges,and/oranyothercivil
engineeringstructure.

Toconstructnewcivilengineeringassets:
a)Erectionofheightgaugesatlevelcrossings,and
safetyscreensattheroadandfootoverbridges.
b)Sidingsforcontractors‟depots.
c)Layingoftrackanditsconnection‟sforelectric
locomotivesheds.OHEinspectioncars,hotaxle
sidings,commonloops,yardremodelingforchange
oftractionorforanyotherworkdirectlyrelatedto
electrification.

d)OHEandPSIworkshopandmaintenancedepots,garages
andshedsforOHEinspectioncarsandtrainingschools.
e)Repeaterstations,batteryandrelayrooms,cabinsforSignal
andTelecommunicationinstallations.
f)Buildingsfortractionsubstations,remotecontrolcenterand
remotecontrolcubicles.
g)Locomotivesheds,mainandtripinspection
h)Staffquartersandassociatedamenitiessuchasroads,water
supplyetc.
i)Acquisitionoflandanditsdevelopment.

Electrical
a)ConstructionofOHE(includingboostertransformers
andreturnconductors)
b)Erectionof132/220kVpowertransmissionlines.
c)Erectionoftractionsubstations.
d)Erectionofsupplycontrolposts.
e)Erectionofremotecontrolequipment

f)Erectionofmachines,andprovisionoftoolsandplantfor
electriclocomotivesheds.OHEandpowersupply
installationdepotsandsupplyofroadandrailvehiclesfor
maintenanceorganization
g)Erectionofauxiliarytransformersforlowvoltagepower
supplytostationssignalcabins,andlevelcrossings.
h)Electrificationofstaffquarters,servicebuildingsandtheir
airconditioning.

i)Modificationtorailway‟spowerdistributionnetwork.
j)Monitoringofmodificationstopowerlinecrossingsof
outsideagenciestoconformtheRegulationsforPower
LineCrossingsofRailwaytracks.

SignalingWorks
a)Modificationstoexistingblock,signalandinterlocking
installationstosuit25kVactraction,andprovisionof
newtrackcircuits,andinterlockingwhereverrequired.
b)Erectionofcolourlightsignals.
c)Otherapprovedsignalingworks,suchaspanel
interlockingorrouterelayinterlockingetc.

TelecommunicationWorks.
a)Layingandinstallingtelecommunicationscables
includingrepeatersandterminalequipments.
b)Provisionofnewtractionpowercontrol,remotecontrol,
lococontrol,emergencycontrolcircuitsandconnections.
c)Provisionofnewtelephoneexchangesandtelephones
andadministrativetrunklinesfortractionmaintenance
personnel.

d)Modificationstotalkingandpagebackfacilitiesinyards
andtopublicaddresssystemsatstations.
e)Provisionofemergencytelephonestolocomotivesand
maintenancepersonnel;provisionofwirelessfacilitiesto
breakdowngangs.
f)MonitoringofprotectiveworkstakenupbyDepartment
ofTelecommunications.

Costestimates
•Theassessmentofworksaredoneindetail.Basedonthese
thecostestimatesarepreparedengineeringdisciplinewise
dulyallocatingthecosttotheappropriatemajor,minorand
detailedheadofaccountaccordingtoIndianRailways‟
AccountsCode.Thecostestimatesincludeestimationof
paymenttotheoutsideagenciessuchas:
a)Revenuedepartmentofstategovernmentforacquisition
ofland.

b)Ownersofoverheadpowerlinecrossingsoftacksto
modifytheircrossingstocomeinconformitywiththe
Regulations.
c)PowerSupplyAuthoritiestoprovidetractionpower
supply.

AncillaryWorks.
•Anumberofimprovementsareundertakenatthetimeof
electrificationofasectionandalsotheresponsibilityfortheir
executionrestswithrailwayelectrificationprojectorganization.
Suchworksincluderouterelayinterlocking,increased
communicationschannelsinthecable,commonloopsorother
yardremodelingnotrequiredforchangeoftraction,whichwould
beequallybeneficialwithdieseltraction;suchworksshouldbe
justifiedindividuallyandgotsanctionedasseparateworkssothat
theremunerative-nessoftheelectrificationprojectdoesnotget
affectedbysuchworksandfundsareoptimallyutilised.

ComponentcostsofRailwayElectrificationactivity
ThecostallocationheadsintheIndianRailwaysAccounts
Codeindicatedistributionofworkscostsaccordingtothe
activityofdifferentengineeringdisciplines;Civil
engineering,ElectricalandSignal&Telecommunications.

Appraisalondiscountedcashflow(DCF)
technique
Basedonthetotalcostoftheprojectandthetraffic
forecastoverthelifeoftheproject(takenas5yearsof
constructionactivityfollowedby30yearsofmaintenance
andoperation,total35years),costbenefitanalysisis
workedoutonthediscountedcashflow(DCF)technique.

Thisanalysiscomparescashoutflowoncapital,repairs
andmaintenanceandoperationontwoscenarios(a)and
(b)indicatedbelow.Commoncostsareexcludedfromthe
analysis
a)Thesectionistakenupforfulldieselisation,withnew
diesellocomotivesassumedtohavebeenintroduced
fromtheexpecteddateofenergisationoftheOHE.
b)Thesectioniselectrifiedasenvisagedintheproject
reportandalltrafficassumedtomoveonelectric
tractionfromthedateofOHE.

Thepresentworthofthecashflowoverthe35yearsof
projectlifeisdiscountedatminimumacceptablerateof
discounti.e.theminimumrateofdiscountatwhicha
projectisconsideredviableisobtained,completewithdue
creditstothepresentworthwiththedepreciatedreturn
valueofassetsattheendoftheprojectlifeforboththe
scenarios.
Ifthepresentworthforboththeformsoftractionare
equal,thetrafficleveliscalledthe“breakeven‟levelof
traffic.

Dieseltractionismoreeconomicalatatrafficdensitylower
thanthislevelandelectrictractionatthisandabovethelevel.
ToascertaintheactualinternalRateofReturn(IRR)ofthe
projectattheenvisagedtrafficlevelthediscountingfactoris
varied.Thediscountingfactoratwhichthepresentworthof
electrictractionequalsthatofthedieseltractionistheIRRof
theRailwayElectrificationProject.
AllvaluesofIRRabovetheprescribedminimumvalue
(whichvariesfromtimetotimeandhadbeen10%till1991)
areconsideredacceptableforapprovaloftheproject.

AssessmentofCoachingandGoodsTraffic
Themostimportantcriterionofselectionofaroutefor
Electrificationistrafficdensity.
Trafficsurvey,therefore,requirestrafficforecastsbeing
madebytheopenlineRailwayaswellasbytheRailway
Board.
Anindependentanalysisofanyfurtherinformationin
regardtomajordevelopmentsintheeconomyofthe
countryortheregionwhichmayaffecttheforecastsof
theRailwayshouldalsobemade.

Theassessmentsandtheforecastarrivedatshouldbedonein
consultationwiththeChiefOperatingManageroftheRailway
andshouldhavehisacceptance.
Theleveloftrafficexpectedinthefirstyearofelectrification
andthegrowthexpectedintheforeseeablefuturesayupto
about15yearsmaybeworkedout.
Arelevantpointtobeconsideredisthelikelydiversionsof
trafficfromothernonelectrifiedroutestotheonebeing
electrifiedduetogreatermobilitybeingofferedbyan
electrifiedroutehavingabetterinfrastructure.Thissynergy
effectshouldbealsocarefullyassessedandquantifiedinsucha
survey.

NormsandcostsrequiredforProjectAppraisal
InadditiontothecapitalcostofRailwayElectrification,theannual
costofoperationandmaintenanceforthetwotypestraction,
numberandcostofnewdieselandelectriclocomotivesare
required.

a) Capital Cost
Electric Traction Diesel traction
i) Locomotives Locomotives and Power
packs
ii)Locomotive sheds
(main and outstation)
Locomotive sheds
(main and outstation)
iii)Fixedinstallations:
TractionOHE,Sub-Station,supply
controlposts,Remotecontrol&
ancillaryelectricalwork.Signalling,
Telecommunications,Yardremodeling
andOthercivilengineeringWorks.
Locomotive fuelling
points
The costs required to be taken in account are :

b) Cost of operation and maintenance
Electric traction Diesel traction
i) Electric energy diesel fuel
ii) Lubricants Lubricants
iii) Traction distribution-
iv) Locomotive operation and
maintenance
Locomotive operation and
maintenance
Toobtaintheabovecosts,useismadeofpublishedstatisticsof
openlineRailway.CostsoflocomotivesareobtainedfromIndian
Railways‟locomotiveproductionunits.

Assessmentofnumberoflocomotives
Apreliminarystudymaybedonebysimulatingona
computermovementofdifferenttypeoftrains(express,
stoppingpassengerandgoodstrains)overthesection.
Basedonthetrainchartsworkedoutaftersuchastudy,
turnroundtimeforlocomotivesmaybeworkedout.The
numberoflocomotivesforeachtypeoftractionforthe
levelsoftrafficenvisagedyearwisecanbenowworked
out.

SincetheIndianRailwayshavestandardizedforbroadgauge
theWDM2typeofdieselenginesandvariationsofWAM4
typeofelectricengines,adequatestatisticsareavailableofthe
normofnettonekmhauledperdayperlocomotiveinuseto
beabletoassessthenumberoflocomotivesrequiredforgoods
traffic.
Forpassengertrafficthestatisticsofkmrunperlocomotivein
useonpassengerservicesperdayisavailable.Boththe
statisticsareconvenientlyusedtoobtainthetotalnumberof
locomotivesinusefortheenvisagedlevelsoftrafficyearwise
forgoodsandpassengerservices.

Anotheralternativeforarrivingatthenumberof
locomotivesforpassengerservicesistodrawthe
locomotivelinksandworkouttherequirements.
Toarriveatthenumberofbarerequirementof
locomotives,additionalonesrequiredformultiple
headingshouldalsobeadded.Tothisbarenecessity,
ineffectivepercentageoflocomotives(alsotakenfrom
theRailway‟sstatistics),isaddedtocaterforrepairs
andmaintenance.

TheproductionunitsofDiesellocomotivesWorks.
VaranasiandChittaranjanlocomotiveWorks,maintainthe
costofmanufactureoftheWDM2andWAM4typesof
locomotivesrespectivelyastheselocomotivesareunder
regularproductionbythem.Thelatestbatchcostsare
obtainedfromtheseProductionunitsforthepurposeof
appraisal.

Ifnewtypesoflocomotivesaretobeused,itwouldbe
goodpracticetoexaminethecostbenefitanalysisofthe
newtypesvis-à-vistheaboveexistingtwotypesofa
locomotivesinaseparateexercise,limitingthecost
benefitstudyforelectrificationofsectiontotheuseof
WDM2andWAM4typesofdieselandelectric
locomotives,theirstatisticsofoperationbeingadequately
availableonIndianRailways,whilethoseforthenew
typeswouldbeonlysubjectedtoassessmentbasedon
theirspecificationsofmaintenanceandoperation.

Norm Source Remarks
Gross tonnekm per route km per annumRailway‟s
statistics
For both types
of traction
Net tonnekm per locomotive in use per
day on goods traffic
-do- -do-
Locomotive km per loco in use per day
on passenger traffic
-do- -do-
•Normsrequiredforprojectappraisalandtheirsourceslists
ofthenormsrequiredforworkingoutthecostbenefit
analysisandthesourcesfromwhichtheyareextracted.

Norm Source Remarks
Ineffectivepercentoflocomotives
onrepairs&maintenance
-do- -do-
Enginekmtotrainenginekm -do- -do-
Fuel/electricenergyconsumption
per1000grosstonnekmseparately
forgoods,expressandstopping
passengerservices
-do- -do-
Consumptionoflubricantperengine
km
-do- -do-

Norm Source Remarks
Costoffuel,energyandlubricants
Fromlatestcostsasapplicableatthe
pointofsupplyobtainedfromthe
Railway,inclusiveoftaxes,Duty
andcostoftransportforeachtype.
CostofDiesellocomotivesfrom
diesellocomotiveproduction
units
Latest batch costs obtained
CostofDieselPowerfromDiesel
locomotiveProductionunits
Latest batch cost from
CostofShedrepairsperengine
km
Railway‟s statisticsFor both types of
traction
CostofPOHperlocomotiveper
annum
-do- -do-

Cost of repairs & Maintenance of :
a) Traction Distribution
assets
-do- For electrical Traction
only per TKM basis
b) Telecommunicationabstracted for
electric traction on
per route km
-do-
c) Other electrical assetsat 3% of cost of
works
-do-
d) Civil engineering
assets
at 2 % of cost of
works
-do-
Cost of locomotive
operation
Railway‟s statisticsFor diesel & electric
traction

Arealistictimescheduleofcashoutflowisrequiredtobe
takenintoaccountforcalculationofthe“PresentWorth”
oftheproject.Experiencehasshownthat4yearsare
requiredtocompleteaprojectfromcommencementand
cashoutflowperiodfiveyears.Followingpercentageof
cashoutflowperyearmaybeassumedforan
electrificationproject.

Firstyear 5%
Secondyear 20%
Thirdyear 40%
Fourthyear 30%
Fifthyear 5%
Total 100%
•Accordinglythediscountingofthecashoutflow
commencesfromthesecondyearoftheproject.

•Thediscountedterminalvalueoftheassetsattheendof
30yearsofoperationiscreatedtotheprojectascash
inflowinthecalculationoftheDCF.
•Incalculatingtheterminalvaluetherateofdepreciationis
takenon„straightline‟andthelifeoftheassetstakenas
providedinparagraphs971,981,718and719ofIndian
RailwaysGeneralcode.ThelifegivenintheCodefor
someimportantassetsisgiveninTableonnextslide:.

Assets Life in year
Diesel locomotives 36
Power pack for diesel locomotives 18
Electric Locomotive 35
Electrical fittings, office furniture 20
Cables, S&T works, Preliminary works, Plant
Equipment and loco shed machinery
30
Overhead power lines, Permanent way Ballast, station
Machinery & OHE contact wire
40
Buildings 50
OHE (excluding contact wire), Bridgework, and
fencingLand
60 Indefinite

Statement of Cash Flows and internal Rate of Return of the
Project
•Thecashflowsforthetwotypesoftractionarenowworked
out.Thestatementofcashflowswhichshouldbeworked
outyearwisearegiveninthetablebelow:
Statement of Cash Flows
Item Type of Traction Remarks
Diesel Electric
a)Cost of WorksLoco sheds and
Fuelling points
Electrification
including loco
Sheds
Basis: Cost
estimates &
time Schedule

Item Type of Traction Remarks
Diesel Electric
b) Cost of new
Locomotives
Locomotives
& Power
packs
LocomotivesBasis: year
wise traffic
projections
c)Cost of diesel fuel &
electricenergy
Yes
Yes -do-
d) Cost of lubricants
Yes
Yes -do-
e) Cost of operation
Yes
Yes -do-
f) Cost of running
repairs and POH of
locomotives
Yes
Yes -do-

Item Type of Traction Remarks
Diesel Electric
g) Cost of repairs &
maintenance of
i) Traction
distribution
ii) Signal & Telecom.
iii) Civil Engineering
iv) Electrical
Engineering
None Yes As per norms
mentioned

Item Type of Traction Remarks
Diesel Electric
h) Residual value of
assets
-Locomotives &
power packs
-Fixed assets,
Electrical and S&T
Yes
None
Yes
Yes
as per
established
norms-do-

•Havingworkedouttheyearwisecashflowsforeachtype
oftractiononaspreadsheet,twoexercisesmaybedoneas
follows:
a)Thepresentvalueofeachofthecashflowsisworked
outbymultiplyingthetotalcashflowinayearbythe
appropriatediscountingfactorrelevanttotheyearatthe
minimumacceptablerateofdiscount(12%).Thetotal
ofallthediscountedcashflowsforeachtypeof
tractionisfoundout.

Fromthistotalofthecashoutflowsthepresentworthof
theterminalvalueoftheassetsisdeductedgivingone
valueofpresentworthofElectrictractionandanother
fordieseltractionThefiguresarecompared,ifthevalue
ofpresentworthofcashoutflowforelectrictractionis
foundtobelessthanorequaltothatofdieseltraction
theelectrificationprojectisconsideredviable.
b)TheinternalRateofReturn(IRR)oftheelectrification
projectsisfoundout.IftheIRRisfoundtobeequalor
morethantheminimumacceptablerateofdiscount,
theelectrificationprojectisconsideredviable.

BreakEvenLevelofTrafficDensity
•InthepreviousparagraphthemethodtoobtaintheIRR
ofaprojectatagivenleveloftrafficdensityhasbeen
described.Toobtaintheleveloftrafficatwhichan
Electrificationprojectjustbecomesviable,(thatisthe
presentworthofthetwotypeoftractionequalize)
followingexerciseisdone:

•Thetalesofcashflowsdiscountedattheminimum
acceptablerateofdiscount(12%)forthetwotypesof
tractionsarebifurcatedintwoparts.Inthefirstpart,called
LINECOSTS,thepresentworthofallthefixedassetsviz
capital,repairs,maintenanceandoperationoftraction
distribution,signalingandtelecommunication,aretotalled.
Thesecostsremainindependentoftrafficlevel.Thesecond
partcalledHAULAGECOSTScontainthepresentworth
forcapitalcostsoflocomotivesandpowerpacksandthe
costoflocomotivesoperation(fuel,lubricantandstaff),and
theirshedrepairsandPOHcosts.

•Thiscostisfortheenvisagedleveloftraffic.Haulagecosts
areassumedtovarylinearlywiththevolumeoftraffic,
beingzerofornotraffic.Thisgivestwovaluesofthecost
oftractionundereachtypeoftractionviz.
Attrafficleveloftraction Presentworthofcost
1)Zero Linecosts
2)Asenvisagedfortheproject Linecosts+haulagecosts

Present worth of minimum acceptable
Rate of discount for type of traction
Costs Electric Diesel
a.Line costs
i)Costs of Works
ii)Cost of maintenance
of traction distribution
Signal & telecom &
Civil and electrical
Assets
iii)Residual value of
assets
A
B
(-) C
M
N
(-) O
Components of line and haulage costs

Present worth of minimum acceptable Rate of
discount for type of traction
Costs Electric Diesel
b.Haulage costs
i)Cost of locomotives &
Power packs
ii)Cost of loco operation
Fuel/energy
iii)Lubricants
iv)Staff
v)Loco repairs & maintenance
-Residual value of
Locomotive
E
F
G
H
I
(-) J
Q
R
S
T
U
(-) V
Total of (b) E+F+G+H+I+J = KQ+R+S+T+U+V = W
Components of line and haulage costs

•Agraphcannowbedrawnwithordinateasthepresent
worthoftractionandtrafficdensityastheabscissa.One
straightlineforeachtypeoftractionisdrawnconnectingthe
valueofpresentworthatzeroandtheenvisagedlevelsof
traffic.Thetrafficdensitylevelatthepointofintersectionof
thetwocurves,atwhichthetwopresentworthfordiesel
tractionandtheelectrictractionareequal,isthebreakeven
leveloftraffic.ThegraphshowninFig.diagrammatically
indicateshowtoworkoutthebreakevenleveloftraffic.

BREAK EVEN LEVEL OF TRAFFIC BETWEEN ELECTRIC AND DIESEL TRACTION
FIG. 1.6.1
BREAK EVEN LEVEL POINT
ELECTRIC TRACTION
DIESEL TRACTION
P
D
D+K
P+W
PRESENT WORTH (Rs. LAKHS)
TRAFFIC DENSITY
(G T Km./RKm./ANNUM)
tb tf

•Theaboveexerciseisforatrafficdensityt.Thebreakeven
leveloftrafficdensityt
b
isnowfoundfromagraph
representingthepointsonstraightlinesofthetwotypesof
tractionfoundthefollowing:
TrafficDensity Costoftractionfor
Electric Diesel
None(O) D P
t
f
D+K P+W
•Thet
b
istheleveloftrafficatwhichthetwostraightlines
intersect.

S.N.DescriptionCostofworksbydifferentEngineeringdisciplines
CivilElectricalS&T Total
1.Earthwork 20.01 --- --- 20.01
2.Permanentway 146.08 --- --- 146.08
3.Buildings 541.34 --- --- 541.34
4.ResidentialQtrs. 160.21 --- --- 160.21
5.GeneralElect. --- 113.26 --- 113.26
Module Cost of TughlakabadElectric Loco shed
(All figures in lakhsof rupees)

6. OHE ---113.32 --- 113.32
7.M&P __ 464.80 __ 464.80
8.Telecom __ __ 76.85 76.85
Total 867.64 710.3876.85 1654.87
S.N.DescriptionCostofworksbydifferentEngineeringdisciplines
CivilElectricalS&T Total

SN. Module Unit
Quantity General Cost Discipline wise Total
Charges Civil Elect S&T Per unit
1.Electrical
a) OHE
i) Regulated
ii) unregulated
iii) tramway, regulated
Km
km
km
b) Return conductor km
c) Booster Transformer unit
Stations
d) Traction substations unit
f) Yard Remodellingsidings,
X-overs
Km
Railway Electrification
Proformato Abstract Unit Costs of Activities
(Cost in lakhsof rupees)

SN. Module Unit
Quantity General Cost Discipline wise Total
Charges Civil Elect S&T Per unit
g) Remote Control
i. Center
ii. Controlled posts
unit
unit
h) Payments to Power Supply
Authorities
L.S
i) Modifications to Rail way ‟s
Power Supply System
L.S.
j) Modifications to Power Line
Crossings
unit
k) Auxiliary Transformer Stationsunit
I) New Power Supply ArrangementL.S.

SN. Module Unit
Quantity General Cost Discipline wise Total
Charges Civil Elect S&T per unit
2.Civil Engineering
a)Loco shed unit
b)Loco outstation shed unit
c)Staff quarters unit
d) Maintenance Depots:
i) Traction Distribution
ii) Telecommunication
Unit
Unit
e) Modifications to structures to suit
ac traction:
i) Heavy overline.
ii) Tunnels
iii) Light including screens,
height gauges etc.
unit
m
L.S.
f) Yard Re-modellingsidings, X-
overs
km

SN. Module Unit
Quantity General Cost Discipline wise Total
Charges Civil Elect S&T per unit
3.Signalling Works
a) New Color light Signals
i) Way side Stations
ii) Large Stations
Unit
Unit
b) Track circuits:
i) On new Concrete sleepers
ii) On existing wooden sleepers
km
km
c) Modifications to interlocking and
station equipment:
i) Way side stations
ii) At large stations.
-cabins
-Panel interlocking
-Route Relay interlocks
-any other system
unit
unit
unit
unit
unit

SN. Module Unit
Quantity General Cost Discipline wise Total
Charges Civil Elect S&T per unit
4.Telecommunication Works
a) Telecom cable km
b) Microwave patching unit
c) Emergency Telephone &
wireless
unit
d) Payment to DOT for their
protective works.
L.S
5.
Miscellaneous Works Temporary
sheds sidings etc..
L.S
6.
Total cost
Route
Track
km
km

1.Thediscountedcashflowtechnique(DCF)givesafigure,
knownasits„PresentWorth‟whichisameasureof
profitability.BycomparingthisfigureofPresentWorth
betweentwoprojectstheirrelativeprofitabilitycanbe
assessed.Toobtainthisvalue,a„life‟fortheprojectis
assumed.ForRailwayelectrificationProjectsthisistaken
as35years,comprisingof5yearsofconstructionand30
yearsatit‟soperation.

Duringthislife,annualcashflowsareestimated:both;
outflows,onaccountofcapitalinvestmentoftheproject
Initially,andsubsequentlyonaccountofitsoperationand
maintenanceandreplacementofdepreciatedassets;and
inflowonaccountoftheaccruingduetotheproject.The
sumoftheannualcashflowsarediscountedatappropriate
rateofdiscountapplicablefortheyearinwhichthecash
flowoccurs.Thesevaluesarefoundfromthetableof
presentvalueofoneunit(oneRupee)atdifferentratesof
discountforfutureyears.

Theresidualvalueoftheassetsiscalculatedattheendof
theprojectlife.Thisismultipliedwiththediscountfactor
fortheterminalyearoftheprojectandisconsideredasthe
costcashInflowattheendoftheprojectlife.Thestream
ofannualdiscountedcashflowsarenowaddedtogether.
Thistotaloftheannualdiscountedvaluesofcashflowsis
thePresentWorthoftheproject.Takingoutflowas
negativecashflowandinflowaspositive,largerthevalue
ofthePresentWorth,betteristhereturnoftheproject.The
PresentWorth,therefore,assistsinchoosingbetweentwo
competingprojects.

Thediscountfactorchosenistheminimumacceptablerate
atwhichaninvestmentcanbefoundprofitable.Thebasis
foradoptingdiscountfactorsforfuturecashflowisthe
considerationthatthefuturevalueofmoneytodayisless
thanitsworth.ifanamountofRs.100isrequiredtobe
spentoneyearfromnowandthebankgivesaninterestof
12%,thenonehastofindonlyRs.89.30today;ifrequired
aftertwoyearsonlyRs.79.70needtobefoundtoday.The
valueoftheRupeeintheninthyearwouldbePs.100x
(0.893).

2.ThealgebraicexpressionforthePresentWorth„PW‟of
cashflow„s‟intheyear„n‟atadiscountrateof„i‟is
PW=s/(1+i/100).
3.EffectofinflationIndiscountingfactor:Althoughinflation
hashotbeenconsideredinestimationoffuturecashflows
onIndianRailways,ifconsideredappropriatethismaybe
takenintoaccount.Theeffectofinflationistodiminish
thefuturevalueoftheRupeefurther.Ifthecostinflation
ratepublishedbythegovernmentas„c%„istakeninto
account,thevalueofthePresentWorthisdepressedbythe
somefactor.

TheRealValue(RV)ofmoneyrealizedinyearsinfuture
duetoinflationisgivenbytheexpression:
RV=s/(1+c/100)
Therealrateofdiscount`r‟isacombinationofboththe
factorsi.e.rateofdiscountandinflation.Thisisgivenby
theexpression:
(1+r)=(1+c)(1+r)

ForexampletherateofInterestprevailingis8%andthe
rateofInflationis7%thenthediscountrate„r„chosenis
givenbytheexpression:
(1+r)=(1+8/100)(1+7/100)=1.156
or.„r‟shouldbe15.6%.

4.TableA.16.1givesvaluesofdiscountfactorsofRupee1
from5%to25%foraperiodcoveringfromoneyearto20
years.ToobtaintheinternalRateofReturn(IRR)ofa
project,theannualcashflowsaremultipliedbytrial
discountfactorsandineachcasethePresentWorthfound
out.ThediscountfactorofwhichthePresentWorth
becomeszeroistheIRRoftheproject.Howeverinpublic
spendingorinfrastructuraldevelopment,wherepureprofit
Isnotthemainmotive,allprojectswhichhavepositive
PresentWorthattheminimumacceptablediscountrateare
consideredworthyofbeingtakenupforexecution,

5.ForRailwayElectrificationProjects,asthecostofdiesel
tractioniscomparedwiththatforelectrictraction,only
cashoutflowsforboththetypesoftractionareconsidered,
thecommoncostsbeingomittedfromtheassessment.This
greatlysimplifiesthecostbenefitanalysisandidentifies
theincrementalbenefitforthetypeoftractionforthe
trafficanticipated.

•Inworkingoutthecostbenefitanalysis(CBA)for
RailwayElectrificationtherehavebeenoccasionally
suggestionstorefinethemethodologythroughadopting
more„realistic‟data.Thereasonswhysuchrefinements
arenotadoptedarediscussedhere.

1.CostofElectricandDieselLocomotives:
IthasbeensuggestedthatinworkingouttheCBA,costof
newelectriclocomotives,butofolddiesellocomotives,
whichactuallyrunoverthesectionshouldbetakenagainst
theexistingpracticeoftakingcostofnewlocomotivesfor
boththescenariosinCBA.Primafacietheargument
appearslogicalbutinthepresentstateisfallacious.Indian
Railwayswithvariouslevelsoftrafficontheirnetwork,
continuetoaddtotheirfleetofdieselandelectric
locomotivesonadditionaltrafficandonreplacement
account.

Aslongasroutesexistwithleveloftraffic,whichlieabove
thebreakevenlevel,itcanbearguedthatforthestudyonan
incrementalbasis,newlocomotiveswouldberunonthe
sectionforboththescenarios.However,whenastageis
reachedasroutesgetelectrified,thatonenergisationofa
sectiontherewouldbeprematuresurrenderofdiesel
locomotives,theextracapitalcostofprematureorderingof
electriclocomotivemayhavetobeconsideredintheCBA.

Inotherwordsatthestageoforderingnewlocomotivesa
studyofthetrafficdensityoftheroutesshouldbemadeto
assesswhetherthehighesttrafficdensityrouteswillbemore
profitablyrunwithnewdieselorwithnewelectric
locomotivesandthemixedofdieselandelectriclocomotives
onadditionaloronreplacementaccountorderedonsuchan
Overallconsideration.Accordingly,inthecurrentsituation
whenthereisacontinuedproductionofnewdiesel
locomotives,itislogicaltoconsidernewlocomotivesinthe
CBAforboththescenarios,whileconsideringelectrification
ofasection.

2.Normsforfuelandelectricenergyconsumption:
Itissuggestedthatthenormsadoptedforspecific
fuel/energyconsumption(litreorkwhper1000gross
tonnekm),beingasensitivenorm,shouldbetakenas
applicableforthesectionunderconsideration,averages
asavailableintheRailwaysstatisticsshouldnotbetaken.
Thesuggestionisvalid,butforitsimpracticability,cost
inconductingactualtrials,anditslimitationsnullifying
theeffortstowardsgreateraccuracy.Electrification
havingbeentakenupoverbeconsideredreliable.

Forelectriclocomotives,onewillhavetobecontentwithtrail
withlocomotivesfittedwithenergymetersonlyona
electrifiedsection.Thisitselfislikelytobringtothestudyan
elementofdoubtinthenormsoestablished.Suchaproject,
lastingmonths,wouldbeworthwhileifitcouldgiveagreater
accuracyaffectingsignificantlythestudy.Aspecialstudy
may,however,becalledforelectrificationproposedforan
unusualsectionhaving,heavygradients,whenincurrenceof
costforextendedtrialsforfuelconsumptionnormmaybe
justified.Overtheroutes,whicharelikely,tobetakenupfor
electrificationinforeseeablefuturesuchasituationisnot
likelytoarise.Inviewofanumberofvariablescomputer
studiesarealsonotlikelytobeadequate.

3.LossoflinecapacityduringElectrification:
Ithasbeensuggestedthatthelossoflinecapacityduring
electrificationshouldbequantifiedascashoutflowinthe
CBAforelectrification.However,insuchasituationit
hastobeassumedthatthelinecapacitywouldhavebeen
actuallyused.Further,itisalsotobeconsideredthat
improvedinfrastructureassociatedwithelectrification
wouldobviateneedforsomelinecapacityworks,which
wouldthenlogicallygotowardscredittoelectrification.

Delayinglinecapacityworksincludingelectrificationtill
theroutegetssaturatedshouldbeavoidedasthevery
workexpectedtoamelioratetheconditionofsaturation
wouldhinderitsimplementation.Suchaquestion
complicatestheissuesbyrisinghiddencostsandmakesit
difficulttoquantifythebenefitsobjectively.

•FirststepfordeterminingtheIRRistocalculatepresent
worthoftwooptionsviz.DieselTractionandElectric
Tractionfortwotrialdiscountrates,thetrialratesbeingso
chosenthatinonecasethevalueofdifferencesofpresent
worthofelectrictraction(sayE
r
)andpresentworthof
dieseltraction(D
r
)ispositiveandinothercase,negative.
•WithreferencetoFig.1.6.5A.1below.

(Er - Dr)
i
i1
(E1 - D1)
(Er > Dr)
( i1,E1 - D1)
( i2,E2 - D2)
( iR,0 )
i2
( iR,0 )
(Er < Dr)
FIG. 1.6.5A.1 at trial rate of discount I
1
, Er1 > Dr 1, and
at trial rate of discount . I
2,
Er2 < Dr 2
the IRR is the rate at which Er= Dr

1.Aproposedcapitalinvestmentsaresubjecttestfor
profitability.Whileforacommercialorganizationthemain
aimistomaximizeprofits,investmentsonnationallevelis
subjecttestforbenefittothesociety.Theeconomicanalysis
focusesonwelfareofthepublicasopposedtopurely
financialprofit.AnalysisonDCFisadoptedforboththe
analyses.Foreconomicanalyses,thecostfiguresemployed
areslightlydifferent,beingnetofdutiesandtaxesandaltered
totakeinaccounttheeconomicfactors:andthediscount
factorsarealsodifferentbeingdependentonpublicspending.

2.ForIndianRailwaywhichissubjecttoscrutinybythe
ParliamentofitsContributionforthegeneralRevenuesof
theGovernmentofIndia.Financialremunerativenessof
itscapitalexpenditureisessential.ButsincetheIndian
RailwayconstituteamajorinfrastructurefortheNation,
itsmajorprojectsalsoneedtobeexaminedforSocial
CostsandbenefitsonEconomicAnalysis.Suchprojects
areNewLines,Gaugeconversion,electrificationsor
MajorinvestmentsinworkshoporProductionUnits.Ifa
project,oneconomicanalysisalso,isfoundadequately
remunerative,itisconsideredfitforapproval.

•Intheeconomicanalysisfollowingconstitutethebasic
considerationforacceptabilityofaprojectTheProject
should:
a)Helpincreaseinaggregateconsumptionofthepublic.
b)Helpredistributewealththroughincreasein
consumptionbythepoorestclasses
c)Helpprovidetraininginskillsandvocationand
increaseemployment.
d)Aidecologyandbalanceofnature.

e)Helpconservescarceresourcesuchasfossilfuels.
f)HelpinachievingselfreliancetotheNation
g)Helpimproveeconomyofafavouredgrouporanarea
orbeinlinewiththeavowedpolicyofthe
Government.
h)Useatechnologywhichcanbesustainedandmaintain.
i)ProvideConsumer‟ssurplus.

4.Externalities:Therearesomeconsiderationswhichare
pervasivebutcannotbeimpartedanappropriatevaluefor
inclusioninthecostbenefitanalysis.Suchconsiderations
arecalledexternalitiesandattimesmayfavouredtaking
upaproject.Forexample,provisionofelectrically
operatedcommercialrailservicesmay,byreducingroad
trafficthroughthecity,resultinreducepollutionand
congestionyieldingimprovedhealthandreduced
accidentsinthecityinadditiontothequantifiedbenefits.
Theseadvantagesareexternalities.Theremayalsobe
negativeinternalitiesthoughriskoftheftsofOHE,which
mayresultintrafficdislocationsorneedtopolicethem.
Whilecarryingouttheeconomicanalysistheexternalities
alsoneedtobeexaminedinanarrativeform.

5.InputsforEconomicAnalysts:
Thealgebraicequationforeconomicanalysiscanbe
expressedas:
Socialgains=Socialbenefits-Socialcosts
Inotherwordsthepresentdayconsumptionsacrificedbythe
publicbychoosingaprojectforfuturebenefitisinthereal
sensethesocialcostoftheproject.Accordinglytheeconomic
studyforRailwayelectrificationusescostswhichareadjusted
fromthemarketcostsasfollows:
a)Pricesadoptedarenetoftaxesanddutieswhichareinthe
natureoftransferpayments.Marketpricesdonot
representtruecosts.

b)Tradeablecommoditiesinwhichthecountryisnet
importerarevaluedattheirC.I.F.prices.
c)Electricenergyanddieseloilarevaluedatcostincluding
deliverycostsatthenominatedpointontheRailway
Network.Thecostofelectricityis,thecostofproduction
andnotthecostchargedbythePowerSupply
Authorities.
d)Costofresidentialquarters,beingInthenatureofasocial
obligationisnottakenintoaccount.

e)ShadowPricingisresortedtoinordertogivedue
importancetothemostdesirablefeaturesoftheproject,
suchas,
i)Foreignexchangemaybegivenapremiumofsay
15%to20%todenoteitsscarcityvalue
ii)Fossilliquidfuelsandmetalssuchascopperwhich
areconsideredtobeexhaustibleinnottoodistant
futuremaybegivenafurtherpremiumofsay,10to
15%.

iii)Creationofemploymentopportunitiesinacountry
havingchronicunemploymentbeingmostdesirable,
labourcostoftheprojectmaybetakenatalower
value,sayof60%oftheprevailingmarketrate.
6.Thecomparisonbetweeneconomicandfinancialcost
benefitanalysisisgivenbelow

Item Cost Benefit Analysis
Financial Economic
a)Method of appraisal DCF DCF
b)Gain Commercial Social
c)
Evaluation
On market costs On modified costs
d)
Rate of Discount of
capital
On market cost
high when capital is scare
i.e. postponement of
consumption to the public
causes severe hardship.

Item
Cost Benefit Analysis
Financial Economic
e)Choice of project
That which gives
maximum profit.
That which gives maximum
benefit to public
f)Shadow PricingNot applicable
Adopted to high light desirable
features to national economy.

TheProjectReportforRailwayElectrificationshouldbe
uniforminchaptersandcontents.Thisensuresclarityand
assistscomparisonwithotherRailwayElectrificationproject
reports.Italsoensuresthatneitheranyimportantitemisleft
outnorisitbulkedwithmatternotrelevanttothesubject.The
reportshouldconsistoftwoVolumescoveringdetailsasgive
onnextslides:

Volume-I
ThedetailsoftheProject;theconstructionworks
proposed,theoperationandmaintenancefacilitiesbeing
setup,thecostestimatesandthecostbenefitanalysis.It
shouldincludethedetailsofconstructionorganization,the
constructionmachineryandtransportvehiclesandthe
constructiondepotstobesetup
Itshouldindicatetheassetsbeingcreated,theoperation
andmaintenanceorganisationrequiredoncommissioning,
themajormaintenanceandemergencyequipmentand
vehiclestobeprovidedformaintenance.

Volume-II
Drawingscoveringthesectioningdiagramsofstations
andyards,theGeneralSupplyDiagram,theEHV
transmissionsystemoftheStateElectricityAuthorities
relevanttothesupplyofpowerfromnormaland
emergencysources;Facilitiestobeprovidedforoperation
andmaintenanceofelectrictractionservices,the
organisationchartsforconstructionandformaintenance.

Annexuremaycontainrecordsofimportantdecisiontaken
withdifferentauthoritiessuchasfinalisationoflocationof
electriclocoshed,thetractionpowersupplypoints,andthe
sectiontobeprovidedwithboostertransformerandreturn
conductorsaswellasthedecisiontoincludenominated
remodellingworksintheelectrificationdesignsorto
executethem.Thereferenceandauthoritytothenormsand
coststakenforthecostbenefitanalysisshouldbeincluded
intheannexure.

Thechaptersofvolumeshouldbeorganisedas
below:
Chapter-I-HighlightsoftheProject
Itshouldcontaingeneralhighlightsoftheprojectdone
withtheroutemap,specialfeaturesifany,theimportance
oftheroutetoIndianRailwaysandtheadvantage,the
ElectrificationisexpectedtogivetotheRailways.

Thechaptershouldincludebrieflythehighlightsofthe
contentsofthedifferentchaptersofthereportasexecutive
summary.Itshouldinclude
Traffic,existingandforecastthroughaboutnext15years.
Theforecastoflocomotivesrequiredandtheirbasis.
Theextentofwiringtobedoneinyards,atstationsand
fortheprivatesidings
Descriptionoftheterrain,extentofstretcheswithin
„exposed‟and„polluted‟zones,gradientsandtypeofsoil.

PowersupplyarrangementsfinalisedwithSupply
authorities.
Remotecontrolandemergencycontrolarrangements
Provisionofelectriclocomotivesshedsandoutstation
maintenancefacilities.
RoutingofODCs,specialrestrictionstotheirmovement,
ifany.
Remodellinganddoublingworksunderprogress,or
sanctionandtheextenttowhichtobetakeninaccountin
designsofOHE.

Sectionstobeprovidedwithboostertransformersand
returnconductors.
Sectionstobeprovidedwith2X25kVATsystem.
Existingsignallingsystemandworkstobedone
DetailsofTelecommunicationscables,sizeand
specifications,tobeprovided,additionalcircuitstobe
introduced.
TotalcostoftheProject,majoradvantagesaccruingtothe
RailwaysasaresultoftheprojectandtheIRRexpected.

Thetimescheduleforcompletionoftheproject.
Importanttechnologicaladvancementsand/or
economymajorsintroduced.

Itshouldcontainthedetailsoftrafficforecastfiguresand
thebasisforarrivingatthefigures.Theassumptionmade
shouldberecorded.Itshould,interaliacontainthe
following:
•Existinggoodsandpassengertraffic,
•Forecastoftrafficfornext15yearsanditsbasis,
•Forecastofspecialtypeoftrainssuchaslonghaulgoodsor
superfasttrains,passengertrains
•Assessmentoflocomotivesrequiredforgoodsand
passengerservicesandtheirbasis.
Chapter-II-TrafficSurvey

•Topographyoftheterrain,rivers,bridgesandtunnels,and
therulinggradient.
•Trackstructure,plansforitsupgradation.
•Importantcivilengineeringworkstobetakenupfor-
a)Locomotiveshed,
b)RemotecontrolCentre,
c)Servicebuildings,
ChapterIII:CivilEngineering,Containing:

d)Staffquarters,
e)Yardremodellingandslewingoftrack,
f)Openlinecivilengineeringconstructionworksandtheir
coordinationwithelectrificationworks,
g)Worksofimprovementstoclearancestooverline
structures,throughgirderbridges,tunnels,watercolumns
andplatformshelterstosuit25kVactractionclearances.
h)Importanttechnologicaladvancesandeconomymeasures
proposedtobeadopted.

Chapter IV: Electrical Engineering, containing:
•Designsofthesystemadopted,whetherconventional25kV
A.C.,orwithBTandRC,or2x25kVACATsystemorany
othersystem,
•DesignsofOHEadoptedanditsbasis,
•DesignofPowerSupplyequipment,
•DesignsofRemoteControlsystemadopted.
•Arrangementmadefortractionpowersupply,itsreliabilityand
arrangementsforemergencypowersupplyfromelectricity
authoritiesandfromtheadjacentelectrifiedsections.

•Tariffnegotiatedonpowersupply,meanstobeprovided
toovercomethepenalprovisions,
•Maintenancefacilitiesforelectriclocomotives.
•MaintenancefacilitiesforOHE,PSIandRemoteControl,
theirlocationsandprovisionofroadandrailemergency
andmaintenancevehicles
•Technologicalimprovementsandeconomymeasures
introduced.

ChapterV:SignalEngineering,containing:
ExistingSignals,andtheproposedcolourlightsignals,
•Signallingworksproposedatmajorstationsandyards.
•ModificationsproposedfortrainpassingblockInstruments,
•ExistingInterlockingandtheirproposedmodifications,
•Existingtrackcircuits,theirproposedmodificationsand
newtrackcircuitsproposed(givingtrackkmtobe
resleeperedwithconcretesleepersforthepurpose)

•Theprogrammeofworkindicatingtheprogrammneofnon
interlockworkingatstations.
•Maintenancefacilitiestobeprovidedforthenew
Installations,
•Importanttechnologicalimprovementsandeconomy
measuresproposed.

Chapter VI: Telecommunication Engineering,
containing:
•Systemoftelecommunicationsproposed,sizeofthecable,
locationoftherepeaterstations,
•Additionaltractioncontrolcircuitstobeintroduced
•EmergencyControlTelephones
•Newadministrativetelephones,additionallocalexchanges,
andtrunklinestobeaddedfortheelectrictractionservice.

•Maintenancefacilitiesforthenewtelecommunications
Installation.
•TechnologicalImprovementsandeconomymeasures
proposed.

ChapterVII:TheConstructionOrganization:
•Administrativesetup.
•Theschemeofwork,timescheduleasworkedoutthrough
CriticalpathMethod/ProgrammeEvaluationandReview
Technique(CPM/PERT).
•Thefieldorganisation,departmentwise,andprogrammeof
workofeachdisciplinecovering,inaddition:-
•Electrical:locationofcontractor‟sdepotsrequirementfor
constructionequipment,andprogrammeoftrafficblocks
forwork.

•CivilEngineering:programmeofworkonbridgesand
tunnelsinvolvingtrafficblocks,
•Signalling:programmeofnon-interlockworking,
•Telecommunications:Monitoringtheprogrammeof
modificationsoftheDOTcircuitsandremovaloftheir
overheadcrossings
•SchemeofCoordinationinternalandexternaltotheproject
organizationandofperiodicreviewofprogressofWorks.

Chapter VIII: The Maintenance Organisation
•Itshouldcontaintherecommendedmaintenanceand
operatingorganisationfortheelectricalandsignal&
telecommunicationsdisciplinefortheassetscreatedbased
onapprovedyardsticksandcurrentusageonopenline
organisation.

ChapterIX:FinancialAppraisal
Itshouldcontaindetailsofcostestimates,thenormsand
thesourcesandauthorityforthenormsadopted.
Followingdetailsshouldbeincluded:
•Basisofthecostestimates.
•NormsadoptedforCBA,theirsourceandauthority
•CostEstimatesforthework,
•Cashoutflowyearwisefor

•Constructionphase,and
•Operationandmaintenancephase.
•DCFTables,
•IRRoftheProjectandbreakevenleveloftraffic,
•SensitivityAnalysis,
•Unitand„Module‟costs,costperrouteandtrackkm,cost
disciplinewiseandactivitywise.
•Comparisonofthecostsandcostbreakupwiththoseof
recentlycompletedprojectsorthosenearingcompletion,

ThevolumeIIshouldcontainthefollowingdrawingsand
charts:
•Thesectioningdiagram,
•TheGeneralSupplyDiagram
•GridSubstationinterconnectiondiagramofPower
SupplyAuthority,
•TelecommunicationCabletappingdiagram,

•LocationofOHE,PSIandRemoteControl
maintenancedepots
•LocationofTelecommunicationsmaintenancedepots
•Maintenanceorganisationchartsfor:
•OHE,
•PSI&Remotecontrol,
•Electriclocomotives,
•Signalling,

•Telecommunications.
•Operatingorganisationchartfor:
•RemoteControl,
•TractionlocomotiveControl,
•CPM/PERTchartfortheprogrammeofwork

•ANNEXURES
CopiesofpolicydecisionsaffectingElectrificationworks,
andoflettersorminutesofthemeetingscontaining
importantdecisionsshouldbeannexed,notably
a)LocationofPowerSupplyPoints,Financial
commitmentsmadetothesupplyauthorityfor
affectingthePowersupply.
b)Decisionsregardingfreezingyardremodellingworks
and/orfutureworkstobetakenindesignof
Electrificationworks.

c)Source/authorityforthenormsandcostsadoptedfor
estimatesandforworkingouttheCBA,
d)Decisionsinregardtomodificationsofheavyover
headlinesstructuresagreedtobytheopenline,
•Anyotherpolicyissuesvitaltotheproject.

Whenelectrictractionistobeintroducedforthefirst
timeorextendedtonewsectionsonaRailway,
considerableadditionalresponsibilitydevolves,
particularlyontheElectricalDeptt.Todischargethese
responsibilities,itisessentialtohaveaclearprogramme
ofactiontobetakeninthefinalstagesofcompletionto
ensurethat:
1.Theworkscarriedoutdepartmentallyandby
contractorsareofhighstandards.

2.Theorganizationforrunningtheserviceswillbe
readybythetimethesectionsarecommissioned.
3.Asandwheninstallationsareenergizedon25kV,
theyaretakenoverpromptlyandoperated
efficiently.

Theintentionofhavingelectrificationworkscarriedoutby
aseparateorganizationwithintheRailwayistorelievethe
CEEoftheOpenLineoftheburdenofdetaileddesign,
supervisionandexecutionofworks,departmentallyor
throughContractors,itis,however,essentialforCEEofthe
OpenLinetokeephimselfintouchwiththedevelopments
andprogressofworks,sothathemaytaketimelyaction
fortakingovertheinstallationoncommissioning.Hewill
havetoarrangeeveryotherthings..

1.Creationofanorganization,withsufficientnumberof
trainedpersonnel,totakeovertheoperationand
maintenanceoftheelectrifiedsectionfromthedateof
commissioning;
2.Recruitmentandtrainingofoperatingand
maintenancestaff;
3.CloseassociationofOpenLineOfficersandstaff
duringthefinalstagesoferectionandadjustment
worktoenablethemtostudythedetailsof
installations;

4.CarryingoutofdetailedinspectionoftheworksbyAssistant
OfficersandSeniorsubordinatesfollowedbygeneralinspection
bySeniorOfficersforgettingalldefectsrectified.
5.Finaltestsandtrialswithrolling-stock;
6.„AdministrativeOfficers‟inspectionandsanctiontothe
energizationofsubstations,switchingstationandOHEby
Electricalinspector.
7.FinalinspectionofOHEandinstallationsbyCRS,
commissioningandputtingintocommercialserviceand
8.Post-commissioningwork,operationandmaintenance.

TheCEEoftheopenlinerailwayshallsetupthe
organizationonthefollowingline:
(1)Createallthepostsofofficersandstaffinaccordance
withthenormsandfillupatleast6monthsin
advancetwopostofJAGOfficersviz.Sr.DEE/TrD
andSr.DEE/RSalongwithrequisitesitestaffand
supervisors.

(2)Whenelectrificationisintroducedforthefirsttimeonthe
zonalrailway,anucleussetupattheheadquartersoffice
shouldalsobecreated.
(3)OrganizeaTrainingSchoolatleastoneyearinadvance/for
thetrainingofmaintenance,operationandrunningstaffto
mantheservices.
(4)Recruitmaintenanceandoperatingstaffandtrainthemtoman
theservices,arrangeforselectionofrunningstafffromsteam
anddieselcadreandstarttheirconversiontrainingcoursesat
leastayearpriortothedateofenergization,soastoposition
adequatenumberofdrivers,assistantdriversandsupervisors
intimetotakeovertheservices.

(5)Positiontheinspectorialcadretoensurecompliancewiththe
requirementslaiddowninpara20970ofACTMVol-II,Part-I
stationbystationandtotrainalongwithSr.DSOallthe
OperatingDeptt.staff.
(6)Augmenttheorganizationalsetup3monthsinadvanceofthe
dateofcommissioningpostingadditionalofficerandstaffto
ensuredetailedjointchecksandrectificationofdefectsin
time.
(7)ExpeditethecompletionoffacilitiesforsettingupOHEand
PSIdepotsandworkshopfacilitiesbuiltbytheconstruction
unitandarrangetoequiptheemergencyvans,OHE
InspectionCarsandothermaintenancevehicletoundertake
themaintenanceandoperation.

(8)Ifaloco-shedispartoftheREproject,someofficersand
staffshouldbepostedatleast6monthsbeforethelocos
arereceivedsothattheycansetuptheshedfacilities
jointlywiththeconstructionunit,arrangeforjigs,
fixtures,andotherspecialtools,takeoverthemajorplant
andmachinerysuchascranesforlightandheavylifting
baysetc.andgetthemselvesorganizedforthe
maintenanceandoperationoftherollingstock.

Havingnucleussetupofkeyofficersisanimportantstep
whichenablesestablishingagoodrapportwith,and
makingfulluseoftheresourcesof,theconstruction
organisationincreatingfullfacilitiesfortheopenline
maintenance.Opportunitytoselectrighttypeofmenwith
skillfordifferentjobsfromanumberofsourceviz.direct
recruitment,otheropenlineunitsandsheds,contractor's
skilledlabouretc.canbetakenbytheofficersiftheyare
inpositioningoodtime.Thisenablesthechangeof
tractionfromtheveryfirstdayofenergizationontrial
basisandincreaseittoaverysignificantlevel
immediatelyafterCRS'sinspectionandsanctionfor
carriageofpassengertraffic.

1.AssistedbyhisDEE/AEE(TrD)hewillfollowupwiththe
ConstructionOrganizationtoensurethatthefollowing
worksarereadywellinadvanceofthedateof
commissioning:-
(a)AccommodationforthenewSr.DEE(TrD)'sOffice
togetherwithnecessaryfurniture,officeequipment
(b)CentralRepairShops,PSIandmaintenanceDepots,
andSub-depotswithnecessaryroadandrailfacilities.

(c)Fullstockofspareparts,toolsandplant,testing
equipment,liftingtackle,emergencyvans,motor
trolleys,pushtrolleys,jeeps,motortrucksetc.
requiredforoperationandmaintenance.
(d)InstallationofemergencypowerplantattheRCC.
2.Hewillmakeadetailedstudyoftariffforpowersupply
andgetacquaintedwithofficersofthepowersupply
authorities.

3.Hewillarrangeforcreationandtimelyfillingupofall
postsrequiredforoperationandmaintenance.
4.Hewillarrangeforscreeningandconversiontrainingof
staffexpectedtoberenderedsurplusduetoelectrification
andrecruitmentandinitialtrainingofthebalance
requirementofstaff.

1.AssistedbyhisDEE/AEE(RS)hewillfollowupwiththe
ConstructionOrganizationtoensurethatthefollowing
worksarereadywellinadvanceofthedateof
commissioning:-
(a)AdditionalaccommodationforthenewSr.DEE(RS)'s
Officetogetherwithnecessaryfurniture,office
equipmentetc.

(b)Electricloco/EMUshedandout-stationmaintenancedepots
withallfacilitiesliketravellingcrane,pitsforinspection,
powersupply,plugsockets,lighting,storageracksetc.
(c)Installationofthefullcomplementofmachinery,toolsand
plantandtestingequipmentatallrepairandmaintenance
depots.
(d)Fullstockofsparepartsandarrangementsforstockingthem
forrecurringconsumption.
2.Hewillalsoarrangeforsanctionfornecessarypostsfor
operationandmaintenanceofrollingstock.

3.Hewillarrangeforscreeningandconversiontrainingof
Steam/DieselDriversthroughallphasesincludingtheirbasic
theoreticalandpracticaltraininginelectricrolling-stock,their
learningtheroadandrulesforoperationofelectricstock.
4.Hewillarrangeforpreparationoflocolinkdiagramsand
Drivers'rostersaswellasTroubleshootingDirectoryfor
differenttypesofrollingstock.
5.Hewillarrangeforscreeningandconversiontrainingof
maintenancestaffrenderedsurplusduetoelectrificationand
alsorecruitmentandinitialtrainingofbalancerequirementsof
staff.

TheConstructionOrganizationisresponsibleforthe
executionandcompletionofworksandtesting,
commissioningandhandingoverallinstallationsinproper
workingconditiontoCEEoftheOpenLineandin
particulartoensurethat-
1.Thedesignofallinstallationsisinaccordancewith
approvedstandardsandwhereanydeparturefrom
acceptednormsbecomesnecessaryapprovalofRailway
Board/RDSO/CRS/ElectricalInspectorisobtained;

2.Progressingofworksisdonetocomplywiththetarget
datesfixedbytheRailwayBoardandallworksexecuted
aretoahighstandard;
3.Procurementofallspecialstores,transportvehicles
includingOHEinspectioncarsformaintenance,tools
andplant,machineryandtestinginstrumentsandtheir
handingovertotheOpenLineintwostagesthe
minimumrequiredbeforetestsandtrialsfollowedbythe
balanceimmediatelyafterinstallationand
commissioningindone(referACTMVol-II,Part-I
AppendixVI);

4.TheCEEinformedofalldevelopmentsandinconsultation
withhimtheprogrammeanddateforcommissioningof
installationsisfixed;
5.Copiesofallapproveddrawings,specifications,contract
documentsandimportantlettersarefurnishedtotheCEE.
Sufficientnumberofcopiesofalldrawings,specificationsand
manufacturer'sinstructionbookletsshouldbetotheDivisional
Officersconcernedsothattheymaybedistributedtothe
maintenancestaff."Asmadedrawings"ortracings
incorporatingallmodificationsduringconstruction,
countersignedbytheEngineersoftheContractorand
constructionorganizationarehandedovertoCEEoftheOpen
Lineforsafeandpermanentcustody;

6.Exercisingnecessaryco-ordinationwiththeSupplyAuthorities
toensurethatpowersupplywillbemadeavailableandwiththe
DepartmentofTelecommunicationand/orserviceproviders
e.g.BSNLetcsothataltheworkswillbecompleteand
completionreportgivenwellinadvanceforenabling
energizationofthelines.Ineventofanydelayinthe
completionoftelecomprotectiveworks&receiptof
CompletionCertificatetomodifiedproforma10.09ofACTM
Vol.II(Part-I),RailwayBoard‟spermissionmaybeobtainedin
Proforma10.19ofACTMVol.II(Part-I).
7.Complyingwithalltheformalitiesconnectedwiththe
energizationofallsectionsinaccordancewiththeruleslaid
down.

1.Energizationoftractionsubstationsisthefirststep
towardscommissioningofelectrictractiononanew
sectionofaRailway.Thiscanbedonesubjectto:-
a)PowerSupplyAuthoritiesbeingreadytogivepower
supply;
(b)Detailedinspectionofthesubstations,protective
equipmentandconnectedRCequipmenthavingbeen
completedandtestbeingquitesatisfactory;

(c)Fullcommunicationfacilitiesbeingavailable;
(d)Permissionforenergizationofthesubstationhaving
beenreceivedfromCEEandElectricalInspectorto
theRailway,
2.Normallyallsub-stationsshouldbecommissionedwell
beforethedatefixedforenergizationofOHEfor
commercialtrafficuse.WiththesanctionofCRSlimited
trialrunscouldbeundertakenafterthesub-stationis
commissioned.

3.Ontheappointedday,necessaryclearancecertificatesshouldbe
obtainedfromtheContractors,Dy.CEE(PSI),Officersofthe
SupplyAuthorityandotherswhowereworkingatthesubstation
duringtheconstructionperiod,thattheirstaffhavebeen
withdrawnandthesubstationmaybeenergized.The25kVfeeder
isolatorsatthesubstationandfeedingpostendsshouldbe
openedandlockedandthe25kVfeederconductorssolidly
earthedbyduplicateearths.Readingsofthetariffmetering
equipmentshouldberecordedandthemetersjointlysealedby
theOpenLineSr.DEE/DEEandtheOfficersoftheSupply
Authority.Afterfinalmeggeringofthewholeinstallation,all
circuitbreakersandisolatorsarekeptintheopenpositionandthe
'remote/local*switchputinthe'local'position.

Powersupplymaythenbeswitchedonstepbysteptothe
transformersandbus-barsandtheindicationsonthecontrol
panelchecked.Subjecttoeverythingbeinginorder,operation
ofthevariouscontrol-gearcanbechecked,followedby
trippingofcircuitbreakersbymanuallyclosingthecontacts
oftheprotectiverelays.Finally,overallconfirmatorytestmay
beconductedofthecorrecttrippingofcircuitbreakerswhen
doseagainstdead-shortcircuitsonthe25kVbus-bar.Thistest
willalsoconfirmifthesettingsofthegridsub-stationrelays
areproperlyco-ordinatedwiththesettingsofthetraction
substationrelayssothatthegridsubstationCB'sdonottrip
forafaultonthe25kVinstallations.

4.Thetwotransformersmaythenbekeptenergizedcontinuously.
Anexperiencedsupervisoryofficialshouldbedeputedtokeepa
closewatchontheequipmentforthefirstthreedays,followedby
adetailedinspectionafteraweekandthenafterfortnight.
Shouldacircuitbreakertripduringtheperiod,thecauseshould
becarefullyinvestigated.Theannunciatorpanelshouldbe
checkedtoascertainwhichoftherelayshaveoperated.
OccasionallytheBuchholzrelaymayoperate.Aprobablecause
forthiswhenatransformerisenergizedforthefirsttimeisthat
airbubbleswhichmayhavebeenentrappedbetweenthe
windingswhenoilisfilledintothetransformertank,mayget
releasedwhenthetransformergetswarmedupandmayoperate
theBuchholz.

However,acarefulcheckisstillnecessarytoascertainthe
causeofeverytripping.
5.25kVpowersupplymaybeextendeduptothefeeding
postsifallworkon25kVfeedersandthefeedingposts
hasbeencompletedinallrespects,aftertakingtheusual
safetyprecautions.

1.Applicationshallbesubmittedatleastafortnightbefore
energizationtoCEEandElectricalInspectortothe
Railwayforthefollowing:-
(a)Formalapproval,ifnotalreadyreceivedtothedesign
andlayoutofallhighvoltageequipmentincluding
tractionsub-stations,transmissionlines,25kVfeeders,
switchingstations,boosterstationsetc.
(b)ApprovalforenergizationofHTinstallations
mentionedaboveincludingOHE.

2.Thefollowingdocumentsshallaccompanythe
applicationforEl'ssanction.
(a)CopiesforPresscuttingsofthePublicnotificationas
mentionedinpara21008ofACTM.
(b)CertificateregardingOHE(proforma10-03).
(c)Certificateregardingbondingandearthing(proforma
10-04).
(d)Certificateregardingsafetyinstructionsand
precautionarymeasures(proforma.10-05).

(e)CertificatebyDRMregardingsafetyprecautions
(proforma10-06).
(f)CopiesofinsulationresistancetestresultsofOHE.
(g)Insulationtestresultsvaluesforauxiliaryandbooster
transformers.
(h)Testresultsforequipmentinswitchingstationsand
sub-stationsandtheirsafetycertificates,Ifearlier
sanctionfortheenergizingthisisnotobtained
separately.

(i)CompletionCertificateforprotectiveworksfrom
Deptt.ofTelecommunication/TelecomserviceProvider
e.g.BSNL,etc.IntheeventofDOT‟sdelayinthe
issuanceoftheCompletionCertificatetomodified
proforma10.09ofACTMVol.II(part-I),Railway
Board‟spermissionmaybeobtainedinproforma10.19
(j)Anyotherdata,testresultsandcertificatesrequiredby
theElectricalinspector.
ThesanctionoftheElectricalinspectormaybeissuedin
theproforma10-07.

3.Wheneveritisnecessarytocheckthesatisfactory
completionofwork.EIGaftersatisfyinghimselfmay
authorizetemporaryenergisationoftheOHEfor
undertakingOHEprovingruns,testingofprotective
relaysandothermeasurestoensuresafety.

1.Anotificationindicatingtheintentiontoenergize
completedsection/sofOHE,amonthinadvanceofthe
approximatedateonwhichthelineisexpectedtobe
energized,willhavetobeissuedtothefollowing:-
(a)ThePress.
(b)TheCRSandCEEandElectricalInspector.

(c)GeneralManager,ChiefOperatingManager,Chief
Engineer/Construction,ChiefCommerdalManager,Chief
MechanicalEngineer,ChiefSignalandTelecommunication
Engineer,ChiefSecurityOfficerandDivisionalRailway
Managersconcerned.
(d)PowerSupplyAuthorities.
(e)Posts&TelegraphsDepartment.
(f)FieldOfficersofRailwayElectrification.
(g)OHEContractors
(h)GovernmentRailwayPolice.

Thenotificationshallbeissuedintheproforma10-01
appended.
2.Notificationregardinglevelcrossinggauges:
Atleastamonthinadvanceoftheenergizationofa
section,anotificationintheproforma10-02appended
shallbeissuedbytheconcernedRailwayforthesafetyof
publicandvehiclesusinglevelcrossings.Thisnotification
shallbepublishedinlocalpapersandalsointheGazettes
ofRailwaysandStateGovt.

3.Notificationforparticularsectiontobeenergized:
Atleastafortnightinadvanceoftheprobabledateof
energization,anotificationintheproforma10-01shall
beIssuedbythefieldunitofREconstruction,notifying
allconcernedoftheenergizationoftherelevantportion
ofthesection.

PriortointroductionofserviceswithElectricTractiononany
sectionfollowingcertificatesanddocumentsareprerequisite:
(a)Generalsafetycertificateofworks,signedbyfieldlevel
SAG/SG/JAGOfficerdirectlyinchargeoftheRailway
Electrificationworks.
(b)Safetycertificateforelectricalworks,signedbyfieldlevel
ElectricalofficerofSAG/SGJAGrankfromthe
organisationundertakingtheelectrificationworksand
countersignedbyCEE(OpenLine)inacceptancethereof.

(c)Safetycertificateinrespectofelectricalrollingstock
signedbyCEE,CME,COM,PCE&CSTEoftheOpen
lineRailways
(d)CertificateissuedbyDivisionalofficersand
countersignedbyDRMasperproforma10.05
(e)CopiesofSWRwhichhavebeendistributedtothe
variousStationmasters.

1.Theinspectionoftheentiresectionwillbecarriedoutbymeans
ofanOHEInspectioncarbyCRSalongwithCEEorhisHODs,
ChiefProjectManager(CPM)/REalongwiththeirconcerned
officersandtheconcernedDivisionalOfficers.Duringthis
inspectionparticularattentionispaidtothesafetyandoperational
aspectsofthetrainmovementsandthatstaffareinpossessionof
statutoryrulebooks,InstructionsBook,Registers,formsetc.and
thattransportation,Electrical,P-WayandS&Tstaffarefully
acquaintedwiththeirdutiesafteractractionisIntroduced.CRS
mayissuesanctiontoenergizetheOHEandauthorisetrialruns
withlightelectriclocomotiveaswellasafewgoodstrains.

2.WidepublicitythroughthePressandpostersgivenearlier
wouldkeepthepublicfullyInformedabouttheproposalto
electrifythelinesandwarnedtodangerofliveOHE.The
StationMastersshould,never-the-less,adviseandwarnall
passengersofthedangerof25kVOHEandnotallowthemto
rideontheroofsofcoaches.AllDieselandSteamengine
Driversshouldalsobeadvisedthattheyshould,underno
circumstances,climboverenginesortenderswhentheyare
undertheOHE,astheywillendangertheirlivesbycoming
closetotheliveOHE.Trainwateringstaffshouldalsobe
cautionedsothattheymaynotinadvertentlyclimbonthe
carriages,byoldhabit.

EnergizationofOHE:
3.Ontheappointeddayandhour,allconcernedwillassembleeitherat
afeedingpostorattheRCCassumingithasalreadybeen
commissioned.Theentireenergizationoperationshallbecarriedout
underoneSeniorElectricalOfficerwhowillbenominatedforthe
purpose.HewillfirstcollectthefollowingClearanceCertificates:-
(a)CertificatefromContractorsworkingonOHE,switching
stations,boostertransformerstations,RCandalsofromother
agencieswhosestaffwereengagedonconstructionworks,to
theeffectthattheirmenhavebeenwithdrawnfromwork,that
theyhavebeenwarnedthatinstallationswouldbeenergizedand
thatnoworkbedonethereafterwithoutobtainingapermit-to-
work.

(b)JointCertificatebytheREandOpenLineSr.DEEsstating
thattheyhavewithdrawntheirstaffandwarnedthemas
aboveandthattheinstallationhasbeenjointlyinspectedand
isfitforenergizationandalsothatdueprecautionshavebeen
takentoprotectcontiguoussectionswheremenmaybe
working.
(c)CertificateIssuedbyS&TOfficersthattheirworkhasbeen
completedandtheOHEcanbechargedat25kVac.
(d)CertificateoftheCEEandElectricalInspectoroftheRailway
permittingenergization.

(e)SanctionoftheCRSpermittingoperationofacrolling-stock
andenergizationoftheOHE.
(f)CertificateofclearancefromDOTforenergisationofOHE;
providedfurtherthatnosuchclearanceshallbenecessaryIn
casesofadditionsandalterationstotractioninstallationson
existingelectrifiedrouteswhereCEEandEIGIssatisfied
thattheamountandnatureoftractionenergytransmittedin
thesystemasawhole,willremainunaltered.Standardforms
forissueoftypicalcertificatesandnotificationmentionedin
thischapterareappendedattheendofthisChapter.

4.TheSeniorElectricalOfficerin-chargeofthe
energizationprogrammewillsupervisethedetailed
sequenceofoperationstoswitchon25kVsupply
progressively,stepbystep,startingwith25kVfeeders
fromthesub-stationtothefeedingpost,busbarsofthe
feedingpost,followedbyonesub-sectorafteranother
untilthewholesectionIsenergized.Itisbesttostartby
keepingallcircuitbreakersandinterruptersintheopen
positionsothatoneaftertheothertheymaybeswitched
onaccordingtoaprearrangedprogramme.Themeritof
thisprocedureisthatafaultysub-sector,ifany,is
immediatelyidentified.

Alternatively,thewholesectioncoveredbyasub-station
rnaybeenergizedatonego.Shouldthefeedercircuit
breakertrip,itwillbenecessarytoidentifythefaultysub-
sectorandarrangeforitsrectification.Before
commencingenergization,certainessentialstaffshould
bekeptreadyatstrategiclocationsenroutetorectifyany
faultswhichmaybedetected.
5.AshorttimeaftertheenergizationofOHEconfirmatory
testsforproperoperationoftheprotectiverelaysasper
para20931shallbecarriedout.

1(a)SanctionofEIGforEnergisationoftraction
installationsincludingOHEshallbeobtainedbefore
applicationforCRSsanctionissubmittedandthe
sectionofferedforCRSinspection.Theofficersofopen
lineandconstruction/projectasstipulatedin“Rulesfor
openingofRailways”shouldaccompanyCRSduring
hisinspection.CRSmayafterhisinspectionissue
sanctionforintroductionofservicesincludingpassenger
servicesonelectrictraction.

(b)Forintroductionofonlygoodsservicesonelectric
tractioninasection,CRSonreceiptofapplicationfor
sanctionmayathisdiscretiondecidenottoinspectthe
sectionandissuesanctionforintroductionofonlygoods
servicesonelectrictractionbasedonsanctionofEIGfor
energisationofelectrictractioninstallationsandother
documentssubmittedwithCRSapplicationasstipulated
in“RulesforopeningofRailways”.

Sometimesitmaynotbepossibletoenergizetheentirelength
betweentwoneutralsectionsservedbyasub-station,butitis
stilldesirabletoresorttoprogressiveenergizationofonesub-
sectorafteranotherasananti-theftmeasurekeepingpacewith
thecompletionofworkbytheContractors.Insuchcasesof
partialenergization,itisessentialtotakespecialprecautions
toprotectmenwhomaybeworkingontheOHEonsections
adjacenttotheenergizedsection.Thisisensuredby
maintainingatalltimestwodisconnectionsintheOHE
betweentheworkingpartyandtheliveOHE.

Thedisconnectionmaybeeitheraninsulatedoverlaporan
isolatorortwosectionsInsulatorsinseriesonthecontact
wireswithcorrespondingisolationofthecatenary.This
doubleprotectionisnecessarytoprovideforthepossibility,
howeverremote,ofanoverlapspanbecomingshort-circuited
becauseofastrayfault.Theactiontobetakenisillustratedin
Fig.,whichshowsasingle-tracksectionbutthemethod
appliesequallytoadoubletracksection.

Inthefigure-
E-isthesectionwhichhasalreadybeenenergized.
A-isthesectionwhichistobeenergizedat25kV.
B-representsatleastoneadjacentOHEsectiononwhichthe
entireworkofadjustment.Inspectionandtestinghasbeen
completedandisreadyforenergization.Thissectionshouldbe
solidlyearthedbya105mm2jumperbetweentheOHEand
oneofthesupportingstructuressolidlybondedtotherails.

C-isthesectionbeyondBonwhichworkmaygoonfreely
evenafterAisenergized,sincesection
„C'isfullyprotectedbytwoairgapsA-BandB-Candtwo
independentearthsonBandCasshown.SectionCshould
alsobeearthed.

1.Aspecialtraincomprisingofanelectriclocomotive,
observationcarintherearandappropriatenumberofcoaches
orinspectioncarriagesforofficersandstaffandGuard'sBrake
van,shallbekeptreadyatanappropriatelocationtotakeCRS,
CEE,CPM&HODsofREorganisationalongwithconcerned
divisionalofficersofOpenlineandSeniorOfficersofREfora
finalinspectionasperaprearrangedprogramme.Theofficers
onthespecialtrainshallfurnishwhateverinformation/
clarificationsoughtbyCRSandCEE.

2.DuringthisinspectionCRSwillparticularlyexaminethe
safetyandoperationalaspects,inspecttherule-books,
registersinpossessionofstaffandtesttheknowledgeof
thestaffsuchasengineeringgangs,substationStaff,
transportationstaffatstations,cabinetc.

•Subjecttothetrialrunbeingsatisfactory,an"allconcerned
message"maybeissuedbytheCRScommunicatinghis
sanctionfortheintroductionofcommercialservices.
•AfterthereceiptofCRS'ssanction,commercialservicesmay
becommencedeitherimmediatelyorsubsequently.Itis,
however,desirablewhereverpossibletocheckthe
performanceoftheelectriclocomotivesandOHE'for
sparklesscurrentcollectionatdifferentspeedsduringnight
time,whenhaulingafullyloadedtrain.

•Thesetestsmaybeconductedjointlybe
Dy.CEE(OHE)(RE),Sr.DEE(TrD)andSr.DEE(RS)
alongwithrepresentativesoftheOHEContractor.
Defectiveworkingnoticedshallberectifiedassoonas
possibleandonsuccessfulcompletion.'ofthetests,a
jointcertificateshallbegivenconfirmingthatfull
commercialworkingmaybeIntroduced.

Toovercometheproblemofcopperwirethefts,it
maysometimesbenecessarytochargethe
conductorsat2.2kV.Guidelinesforsuchcharging
ofOHEaregivenintheAppendixVIItothis
Volume.

1.WhenalongsectionsisunderElectrification,shorter
sub-sectionsareoftenenergizedasanantitheftmeasure.
Tillsuchtimecommercialservicesarenotintroduced
afterCRS'sinspectionandsanction,theOHEandOther
powersupplyandswitchinginstallationsshallbe
maintainedbytheconstructionorganisation.

2.WiththeenergizationoftheOHEandCRS'ssanctionand
introductionofcommercialservices,allelectricalequipment
includingsub-stationsandallotherconnectedequipmentare
deemedashavingbeentakenoverbytheOpenLineofthe
Railwayandthereaftertheresponsibilityforoperationand
maintenanceshalldevolveontheDivisionalOfficers
concerned.However,inordertoensurethatallworksare
completedbytheconstructionorganisation,aspecific
"HandingOver"proceduremaybeevolvedbyopenlineCEE,
CSTE&CEtobringoutleftoverworkifany;tobecompleted
evenafterIntroductionofcommercialservices.The
constructionorganisationshallhavesuchworkcomptetadlna
reasonableperiod.

3.Aletterof"provisionalacceptance"shallthenbeissuedbythe
headoftheConstructionOrganizationtothevarious
Contractorsinrespectoftheequipmenterectedandhanded
overbythem.Shouldthetestresultsforanyparticular
equipmentorinstallationbeunsatisfactory,anextensionmay
begiventotheContractortohavethedefectssetrightandto
handovertheinstallationingoodcondition.Whenthishas
beendone,aseparatehitterofacceptanceshallbeissuedin
respectofsuchequipment.Theprovisionalacceptance
certificateshallbejointlysignedbytheconcernedDy.CEEof
theRailwayElectrificationOrganizationandSr.DEE(TrD)and
Contractor'sauthorizedrepresentative.

1.ThisisdefinedbythetermsofthecontractNormally,the
Contractorofa"supplyanderection“contractguarantees
thesatisfactoryoperationofallequipmentand
installationsforaperiodoftwelvemonthsfromthedate
ofissueof"provisionalacceptancecertificate".The
contractorprovidestheservicesofanexperienced
EngineertomaintainliaisonwithOfficersoftheOpen
LineandtheConstructionOrganizationandhelpin
rectificationofdefectsobservedandinvestigationof

1.ThisisdefinedbythetermsofthecontractNormally,the
Contractorofa"supplyanderection“contractguaranteesthe
satisfactoryoperationofallequipmentandinstallationsfora
periodoftwelvemonthsfromthedateofissueof"provisional
acceptancecertificate".Thecontractorprovidestheservices
ofanexperiencedEngineertomaintainliaisonwithOfficers
oftheOpenLineandtheConstructionOrganizationandhelp
inrectificationofdefectsobservedandinvestigationof
seriousbreakdownsofequipment,andadviseonthe
maintenanceprocedures.

Thecontractorisexpectedtobearthecostofall
modifications,additionsandsubstitutionswhichmaybe
considerednecessaryduetofaultymaterials,designor
workmanshipoftheinstallationsforwhichheis
responsible.

2.Mostoftheheavyequipmentforsub-stations,switching
stations,boosterstationsetc.areusuallyobtainedfrom
differentmanufacturersagainsta"SupplyContract".In
suchcases,theusualguaranteeclauseprovidesfor
suppliersresponsibilityforaperiodof12monthsfrom
thedateofcommissioningor18monthsfromthedateof
supplywhicheverisearlier.Aclearrecordshould,
therefore,bemaintainedofthedatesofreceiptofthe
equipmentandthedatesofenergizationofeach
equipmentsothattheperiodofresponsibilityofthe
Contractorisclearlydefined.

3.ItisessentialfortheElectricalOfficersandSupervisors
concernedtomakeacarefulstudyofthecontract
documentssothatappropriateactionmaybetakenas
circumstancesdictate.Inregardtothedefectsnoticed
duringtheguaranteeperiodtheproceduretobefollowed
forreportingandinvestigationaredescribedInthenext
para.

Althoughduringthisperiodtheequipmentisoperatedand
maintainedbytheOpenLineRailwayEngineers,the
proceduredescribedbelowshouldinvariablybefollowed
toensurethatdefectsnoticedduringtheguaranteeperiod
arerectifiedbyManufacturersundertheGuaranteeClause.

1.Instructionsissuedbythemanufacturersforoperationand
maintenanceshouldbestrictlyfollowedbytheRailway.Ifany
modificationisrequired,approvaloftheManufacturersshould
firstbeobtained.ThestandardGuaranteeClauseprovidesthat
theequipmentshallbefreefromdefectsinmaterialand
workmanshipduringmanufacture.Theliabilityofthesupplier
inthisrespectisnormallylimitedtothesupplyandInstallation
ofreplacementparts,freeofcharge,andrepairofdefective
partsnoticedduringnormalusageoftheequipmentasalso
thoseattributedtofaultydesignoftheequipment.Ifthe
equipmentbecomesirreparablethesupplierwillhaveto
replacethesameinitsentirety.

2.Itisessentialthatanydefectnoticedisbroughttothe
attentionofthesupplierwithoutdelay.Aclearrecofdof
defectsanddeficienciesnoticedshallbeenteredinaregister
bytheOpenLineOfficerandthedateofintimationto
supplierrecordedagainsteachitem.
3.Whenanequipmentfails,theSr.DEEshallfirstmakean
inspectionoftheequipmentonthespotwiththeleast
possibledelayalong-withtherepresentativeofthe
Contractor.ThepresenceoftheManufacturer's.or
Contractor'srepresentativeisessentialandshouldbeensured
duringthejointinspectiontoavoiddisputeslateron.

Thedefectiveequipmentshallnotbedismantledordisturbed
exceptwiththeapprovalof,orInthepresenceof,the
representativeofthesupplier,toavoidobliterationofany
importantevidencewhichcouldhelpinInvestigationofthe
defect.Aftertheinspection,ajointreportshallbeprepared
recordingtherelevantdatasuchas-
(a)Fullparticularsoftheequipment-datereceivedand
datecommissioned.
(b)Fullcircumstancesinwhichfailureoccurred.
(c)Observationsandtestsmade.

(d)Probablecausethatcouldleadtothefailure.
(e)Recommendationslongtermandshortterm,for
preventingsuchfailuresinfuture.
4.Shouldthereberepeatedfailuresofthesametype,the
causeoffailureshouldbeinvestigatedintensivelytaking
allconnectedfactorsintoaccountsuchasswitching
operationscarriedout,maintenanceworkdoneetc.These
factorsshouldbestatisticallyanalyzed.Areportonthe
failureoftheequipmentshouldbesentprompttothe
supplieroftheequipmentendorsingacopytotheCOS,
InspectionAgency,CEEandRDSO.

5.Inthecaseofworkscontracts,too,thesameprocedure
shouldbefollowed.
6.Accordingtotheprovisionofthecontract,intheeventof.
designdefects,thecontractor'sliabilityisnotonly,limited
torepair/replacementofthecomponents/equipments
affected;butalsotoallothercomponentsInsimilar|
situation/condition,eventhoughtheymaynothavefailed
inservice,havetobereplacedormodifiedbythesupplier.
ThisaspectneedscarefulstudybytheSr.DEEs.

MaintenanceofaHistorySheetforeachmajor
equipmentisveryimportantasthiswillgivea
connectedaccountofallfailuresoftheequipment
andparticularsofrepairscarriedoutandwillbeof
greathelpIninvestigatingrecurringfailures.

Immediatelyafterthecompletionof'theguaranteeperiod,a
'finalacceptancecertificate'shallbejointlysignedbythe
Sr.DEEoftheconcernedrailwayandcontractor's
representativeandcountersignedbytheheadofthe
ConstructionOrganizationandissuedtotheContractor,
providedthatthetermsoftheGuaranteeClausehavebeen
fulfilled.Withtheissueof-thefinalacceptancecertificates,the
responsibilityoftheContractororSupplierceases,buttheir
advicemaystillbesoughtwhereitmaybeconsidered
necessary.

S.No. Particulars
1Publicnotificationregardingenergization
2Publicnotificationregardinglevelcrossing
3JointCertificateregardingOHEbySr.DEE(TrD).;
andDy.CEE(OHE)/RE
4Certificateregardingbondingandearthing
5JointCertificatebyDivisionalofficersregarding
safetyinstructions
Proforma
10-01
10-02
10-03
10-04
10-05
Typical forms for issue of notifications and certificates are mentioned below:

S.No. Particulars
6CertificatebyDRMregardingsafetymeasures
7SanctionofCEE
8CertificatebyS&TDepartment
9ClearanceCertificatebyDOT
10ClearanceCertificatefor25kVfeederline
11ClearanceCertificateforOHE
12ClearanceCertificateforswitchingstation
Proforma
10-06
10-07
10-08
10-09
10-10
10-11
10-12

S.No. Particulars
13ClearanceCertificateforboostertransformer
station
14ClearanceCertificateforDOTandworks
15ClearanceCertificatebyOHEContractor
16ClearanceCertificatebyswitchingstation
Contractor
17ClearanceCertificatebyRemoteControl
EquipmentContractor
18ClearanceCertificatebyContractorforBooster
Transformerinstallation
Proforma
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-17
10-18

NoticeisherebygiventoallusersofRailwaylinesandpremisessituatedonthecompletedsectionoftheundernotedsectionofthe............
Railwaythatthe25000Volt,50Hz.,acoverheadtractionwireswillbeenergizedonorafterthedatespecifiedagainstthesection.Onandfrom
thesamedatetheoverheadtractionlineshallbetreatedasliveatalltimesandnounauthorizedpersonshallapproachorworkintheproximityof
thesaidoverheada'line.
Section Date
1.
2.
3.
4.
ChiefProjectManager
RailwayElectrification
Proforma10-01
INDIAN RAILWAYS
"PUBLIC NOTIFICATION"
(TobepublishedinalltheleadingNewspapersandlocalRailwayGazetteinEnglish,Hindiaridlocallanguageforonedayatleastaweekbefore
thedateofcommissioning.AlsonoticestobepastedatallRailwayStationsandOfficestogivewidepublicity).
Copyforwardedforinformationto:-
1. TheSecretary(RailwayElectrification),RailwayBoard,NewDelhi.
2. TheCommissionerofRailwaySafety.
3. TheChiefElectricalEngineerandElectricalInspector.
4. AllotherHeadsofDepartments.
5. TheDivisionalRailwayManagersoftheRailwayandcontiguousDivisions.
6. TheGeneralManager(DOT)RailwayElectrificationProject.
7. ThePostmasterGeneral,
8. TheChiefEngineer,StateElectricityBoard.
9. TheSuperintendent,GovernmentRailwayPolice.
10. AllofficersofConstructionOrganisation.
11. Contractorsengagedintheproject.
Place: ChiefProjectManager
Date: RailwayElectrification;

ItisnotifiedforinformationofthePublicthatinconnectionwithintroductionof25kVac
electrictractionoverthesection..............ofthe...........Railway,heightgaugeshavebeen
erectedatallthelevelcrossingswithclearheightof4.67maboveroadlevelwithaviewto
preventloadsofexcessiveheightfromcomingIntocontactordangerousproximitytolive
tractionwire.
Publicareherebynotifiedtoobservetheheightspecifiedaboveforthepurposeofloading
vehiclesandtoseethattheloadscarriedinroadvehiclesdonotinfringetheheightgauges
underanycircumstances.
Thedangersofaloadofexcessiveheightareasfollows:-
i)Dangertotheheightgaugeandconsequentobstructiontotheroadaswellastherailway
line.
ii)Dangertothematerialsorequipmentcarriedorthevehicleitself.
iii)Dangeroffireandriskoflifeduetocontactwithordangerousproximitytotheconductors,
No. ChiefProjectManager
Date: RailwayElectrification
(Tobegivenwidepublicitythroughthepressandposterswellinadvanceoferectionofheight
gauges).
INDIAN RAILWAY
INTRODUCTION OF ac 25 RV TRACTION
"WARNING TO ROAD USERS"
Proforma10-02

CertifiedthattheOHEintheabovementionedsectionhasbeenerectedasperapproved
drawingsandstandardspecificationsandtherearenoinfringementstotheScheduleof
Dimensions(includingtheRulesapplicablefor25kVactraction)exceptwhenapprovalof
RailwayBoard/competentauthorityhasbeenobtained.TheOHEhasbeeninspectedand
foundtocomplywiththeaboverequirements.
Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(OHE),RE
Place:
Date:
Proforma10-03
CERTIFICATE REGARDING OHE

Certifiedthatbondingandearthingofthesectionhavebeencarriedoutasperthe
"BondingCode"andasperapproveddrawings.
Dy.CSTE(Signalling) Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(OHE),RE
Place:
Date:
Proforma10-04
CERTIFICATE REGARDING BONDING AND EARTHING

Certifiedthatrequisiteinstructionsinconnectionwithworkingontracksandareasequippedwith
25RVactractionhavebeenissuedtoallcategoriesofstaffofvariousdepartmentsworkingon
andrequiredtoworkonthesection.
Further,itiscertifiedthatallstaffhavebeenmadefullyconversantwiththesafetyand
precautionarymeasurestobetakenwhenworkingintheelectrifiedareas.
Sr.DOM DSO Sr.DEN Sr.DME
Sr.DSTE Sr.DEE(G) Sr.DEE(TrD)
Countersigned
DivisionalRailwayManager
..........................Division
Proforma10-05
CERTIFICATE REGARDING SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

Idoherebycertifythat:-
(i)Stationsontheelectrifiedsectionsbetween........havebeensuppliedwithacopyof
GeneralandSubsidiaryRulesfor25kVacelectrictraction.
(ii)Specialworkingrulesfor25kVacelectrictractionhavebeenissuedandsuppliedtoall
stationsandcabinsontheelectrifiedsections.
(iii)Thestaffhavebeenadvisedofthenecessarysafetyproceduresandprecautionsaslaid
downInGeneralandSubsidiaryRulesandManualforacTractionMaintenance.
(iv)Allthesectionalrunningandmaintenancestaffhavealsobeendulyinstructedinsafety
procedureandprecautionsfor25kVacelectrictraction.
(v)Theassuranceofthestation,runningandmaintenancestaffregardingtheirknowledgeof
safetyproceduresandspecialworkingruleshasbeenobtained.
DivisionalRailwayManager
..........................Division
...........................Railway
Proforma10-06
CERTIFICATE BY DRM REGARDING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

....................... Railway
To,
Chief Project Manager
Railway Electrification
Sub: Sanction for energization of overhead equipment, switching stations, booster transformer
stations etc. on the Section.
Sanctionisherebyaccordedtoenergizeprogressivelythecompletedworksfor25kVfeederlines
fromtraction.Sub-stationstofeedingposts,switchingstations,boostertransformerstationsand
auxiliarytransformerstations,asandwheneachsectioniscompletedandjointlyinspected,
measured1RvalueandcertifiedbySr.DEE(TrD)/.....................andDy.CEE(Construction).
Chief Electrical Engineer
and Electrical Inspector,
...................... Railway.
Proforma10-07

ChiefProjectManager
RailwayElectrification
Reg:EnergizationoftheOHEinthesection………………… ..SignallingWorks.
1.Allmodificationstomechanicalandelectricalsignallinghavebeencarriedouttomaketheinstallationssuitablefor
introductionof25kVactraction.
2.Colourlightsignallinghasbeeninstalledat.............stationsandthemechanicalsemaphoresignalshavebeenre-sited
and/ortheirheightsincreasedtoaffordnecessaryvisibilitytotheenginecrews
3.Theexistingblockandtokeninstrumentshavebeenmodifiedtosuittheintroductionof25RV„actraction
4.Alloverheadsignallingcircuitshavebeentransferredtoundergroundcables.CommunicationInstallationshavebeen
modifiedtomakethemsuitablefor25kVactraction.TractionLocoControl,TractionPowerControlandEmergency
Controlcircuitshavebeenintroducedwithemergencysocketsalongsidethetrackasperapprovedplans.
5.Thenewsignalshavebeenerectedandtheexistingsignalsre-sitedwithoutinfringementtothe"Scheduleof
Dimensions"exceptwhereapprovalofRailwayBoard/competentauthorityhasbeenobtained.
6.Necessaryrulebooksinconnectionwithworkinginthesectionenergizedwith25kVachavebeenissuedtothestaff
concerned.SpecifiedinsulatedtoolshavebeenissuedtotheS&Tstaffforworking,intheabovesection
7.Themodificationsandthenewworksmentionedabovehavebeendoneaccordingtothe"ManualofInstructionfor
InstallationofS&TEquipmenton25kV,50HzacElectrifiedSections",
8.Theundersignedhasnoobjectiontotheenergizationofthesectionmentionedabovewith25kVacwitheffectfrom.....
Dy.ChiefSignalandTelecommunication
Engineer(RailwayElectrification)
Proforma10-08

Chief Project Manager
Railway Electrification
Sub: Energization of OHE in the Section ………………………………
TheDOThascompletedallitswoksinconnectionwithelectrificationoftheabovesectionat
25kVacandhasnoobjectiontotheRailwayenergizingtheOHEwith25kVacintheabove
section.
for General Manager
(Electrification Circle)
Proforma10-09
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE

1.25kVFeederLines
1.Detaileddescriptionofinstallationtobeenergized:25kVdoublecircuitfeederlinefrom.......................substation
to....................feedingstationthetracks.
2.Itisherebycertifiedthat:
a)Theaboveinstallationhasbeenjointlycheckedtestedforcompleteness,electricalclearances,Insulation
resistance,earthingetc.andfoundinorder.Testresultsareseparatelysubmitted.
b)TheworkshavebeencompletedinaccordancewithapproveddrawingsandcompilesInallrespectwiththe
requirementsofthe"ManualofacTractionMaintenanceandOperation",IndianElectricityRulesandspecial
instructionsonthesubject.
c)Allourstaffhavebeenwithdrawnandwarnedthatthelinewillbechargedat25kVacimmediately.Clearance
CertificatetothesameeffecthavebeenobtainedfromalltheContractorsworkingontheabovesection.Nowork
ontheabovesectionwillbetakenuphereafterwithoutobtainingapowerblockfromanofficialauthorizedby
Sr.DEE(TrD).
d)Allothersafetyprecautionsnecessaryhavebeentaken.
3.The25kVfeedersreferredtoabovearenowclearandfitforenergizationandmaybeenergizedat25kVac.
4.ForwardedtoCEE(RE).
………………… . ……………… ..…
Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(OHE),RE
Place...................
Date....................
Proforma10-10
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FOR ENERGIZATION ON 25 kV

1.Detaileddescriptionofoverheadequipmenttobeenergized:
2.Itisherebycertifiedthat:-
a)Theaboveoverheadequipmenthasbeenjointlycheckedforcompleteness,electricalclearancesandtestedfor
insulationandcontinuity,electricalindependenceofdifferentelementarysectionsasalsobondingandearthingetc.
andfoundtobeinorder.
b)Theworkhasbeencompletedinaccordancewiththelatestapprovedgenerallysupplydiagramandsectioning
diagramsetc.andcompliesinallrespectswiththerequirementsof"ManualofacTractionMaintenanceand
Operation"andIndianElectricityRules.
c)Allourstaffhavebeenwithdrawnandwarnedthatthelinewillbechargedat25kVacImmediately.Clearance
CertificatestothesameeffecthavebeenobtainedfromalltheContractorsworkingontheabovesection.Nowork
ontheabovesectionwillbetakenuphereafterwithoutobtainingapowerblockfromanofficialauthorizedby
Sr.DEE(TrD).
d)Allsafetyprecautionsnecessaryhavebeentaken.Inaccordancewith"ManualforacTractionMaintenanceand
Operation"Sectionsviz.....................havealsobeenadjusted,checkedandmadereadyforenergization.Solidearths
havealsobeenprovidedoncontiguoussectionsviz.atstructuresNos......................IsolatingswitchesNos..............
andinterruptersNos..........havebeenopenedandkeptlockedintheopenposition.
3.Theoverheadequipmentreferredtoaboveisnowclearandfitforenergizationandmaybeenergizedat25kVac.
4.ForwardedtoCEE(RE).
Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(OHE).RE
Place........................
Date.........................
Proforma10-11
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FOR ENERGIZATION ON 25 RV
2.OverheadEquipment

1.Detaileddescriptionofswitchingstationstobeenergized:
a)Theaboveswitchingstationshavebeenjointlycheckedandtestedforcompleteness,correct
electricalconnectionsincludingcross-feederconnections,electricalclearances,insulation
resistance,earthingandbondingetc.andfoundtobeinorder.Testreportsareseparately
submitted.
b)Theworkshavebeencompletedinaccordancewithapproveddrawingsandcompliesinall
respectswiththerequirementsofthe"ManualforacTractionMaintenanceandOperation",Indian
ElectricityRulesandspecialinstructionsonthesubject.
c)Allourstaffhavebeenwithdrawnandwarnedthatthelinewillbechargedat25kVac
immediately.ClearanceCertificatetothesameeffecthavebeenobtainedfromalltheContractors
workingontheabovesection.Noworkontheabovesectionwillbetakenuphereafterwithout
obtainingapowerblockfromanofficialauthorizedbySr.DEE(TrD).
d)Allothersafetyprecautionsnecessaryhavebeentaken.
3.Theswitchingstationsreferredtoabovearenowclearandfitforenergizationon25kVac.
4.ForwardedtoCEE(RE).
Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(PSI).RE
Place....................
Date.....................
Proforma10-12
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FOR ENERGIZATION ON 25 kV
3. Switching Stations

1.DetaileddescriptionofBoosterTransformerStationstobeenergized:
2.Itisherebycertifiedthat:-
a)TheaboveBoosterTransformerStationshavebeenjointlycheckedandtestedforcompleteness,correctelectrical
connectionsincludingcross-feederconnections,electricalclearance,insutettonresistance,earthing,bonding,
midpointrailconnectionsandfoundtobeinorder.Testreportsareseparatelysubmitted.
b)TheworkshavebeencompletedinaccordancewithapproveddrawingsandcompliesInallrespectswiththe
requirementsofthe"ManualforacTractionMaintenanceandOperation",IndianElectricityRulesandspecial
instructionsonthesubject.
c)Allourstaffhavebeenwithdrawnandwarnedthatthelinewillbechargedat25kVacimmediately.Clearance
CertificatestothesameeffecthavebeenobtainedfromalltheContractorsworkingontheabovesection.Nowork
ontheabovesectionwillbetakenuphereafterwithoutobtainingapowerblockfromanofficialauthorizedby
Sr.DEE(TrD).
d)Allothersafetyprecautionsnecessaryhavebeentaken.
3.Theboostertransformerstationsreferredtoabovearenowclearandfitforenergizationon25kVac.
4.ForwardedtoCEE(RE).
Sr.DEE(TrD) Dy.CEE(PSI,RE
Place.................
Date..................
Proforma10-13
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FOR ENERGIZATION ON 25 kV
4. Booster Transformer Stations

1. Description of section for which clearance is given:
2. It is hereby certified that:-
a) Clearance has been obtained from the DOT, Electrification Circle that the overhead equipment,
switching and booster transformer stations on the above section may be energized at 25 RV. ac.
b) All S & T works have been completed in accordance with approved drawings and Instructions, and
complies In all respects with requirements of "Manual for ac Traction Maintenance and Operation"
and special instructions.
c) All our staff have been warned that the above section would be charged on 25 kV ac Immediately.
No work on or within 2 m of the line OHE would be carried out hereafter without obtaining a
power block from an official authorized by Sr.DEE (TrD).
d) All safety precautions necessary have been taken, in accordance with "Manual for ac Tracflon
Maintenance and Operation".
3.The sections referred to above may now be energized on 25 kV ac.
Dy.CSTE(Sig) Dy.CSTE(Tele)
Place……...
Date……....
Proforma10-14
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FOR ENERGIZATION ON 25 RV
5. DOT and S&T WORKS

TheDy.CEE(OHE)
.....................ElectrificationProject.
Sub:ClearanceCertificatebyContractorforenergizationon25kVacinSection..................
DearSir,
1.ItIsherebycertifiedthatallourworkontheabovesectionhasbeencompleted.
2.ItIsherebycertifiedthatallourstaffhavebeenwithdrawnandwarnedthattheabovesectionwouldbeenergized
on................andthatnoonemayhenceforthcarryoutanyworkontheabovesectionwithoutobtainingapermlt-
to-workfromanofficialauthorizedbySr.DEE(TrD).
3.Adequateprecautionswillalsobetakenbyourstaffwhenworkinginareascontiguoustothesectionelectrified
onac25kVsystemoronparallellines.
4.Thedeadoverheadsectionscontiguousandadjacenttotheelectrifiedsectionshavebeenandwttbekeptsolidly
earthed.TheinstallationsontheabovesectionarenowreadyandsafeforenergteaBon.Theymaynowbe
chargedat25kVac,50Hz,supply.
Yoursfaithfully,
forM/s..................................
ContractorforOHE.
Proforma10-15

To
Dy.CEE(PSI),
………………..Electrification Project,
Dear Sir,
Sub: Clearance Certificate for energization of Switching Stations in Section…………..
It Is certified that all physical works have been completed on the following FPs, SPs, & SSPs
and that these switching Stations are fit to be charged with 25 kV ac single-phase, 50 Hz.,
electrical energy on and from................
All men, materials and earths have been removed from the switching stations and the OHE.
FP at..................
SP at....................
SSP at................
Yours faithfully,
for M/s.........................................
Contractor for Switching Stations
Proforma10-16

To
Dy.CEE(PS1),
………………ElectrificationProject,
DearSir,
Sub:ClearanceCertificateforthecommissioningofRemoteControlEquipment
intheSection…..
ItiscertifiedthatallworksinregardtotheRemoteControlEquipmentinstalledbyusfor
thesection............….havebeencompletedandthattheyarefitforcommissioning.
Allmenandmaterialshavebeenremovedfromthesiteoftheequipmentandfromthe
vicinityoftheswitchingstations.
Yoursfaithfully,
Place:forM/s.................................
Date:ContractorforRemoteControl
Equipment.
Proforma10-17

To
Dy.CEE(PSI),
……………… ElectrificationProject,
DearSir,
Sub:ClearanceCertificateforthecommissioningofBoosterTransformersinstalledin
theSection..........
CertifiedthatallworksinregardtoBoosterTransformerStationsInstalledintheSection.......
havebeencompletedandtheinstallationsarefitforenergizationat25kVacsingle-phase,50
Hz.,onandfrom...........
Allmen,materialsandearthshavebeenremovedfromtheBoosterTransformerStationsand
fromthevicinityoftheOHE.
Yoursfaithfully,
Place:forM/s.........................
Date:ContractorforBooster
TransformerInstallations
Proforma10-18

1.Department of Telecommunication (DOT/BSNL) has not given the completion certificate for the protective works for
the section ……………….. Despite giving advance notice, adequate time for completing the works and making several
requests.
In connection, if it is hereby certified that:-
(i)DOT/BSNL has notified/ advised 24 months in advance of the probable date of energisation with the request to
modify and/or shift such of their existing telecom circuits (both within and outside railway land) as are likely to
fall within the zone of induction due to 25kV, a.c. traction system.
(ii)Railway/CORE/Construction organisation has paid the required amount to the DOT/BSNL as per jointly agreed
estimated cost of the works including protective works which the DOT/ BSNL is required to execute for
protection of their own circuits.
(iii)DOT/BSNL has been advised 90 days in advance of the probable date of energisationindicating that the overhead
equipment in the section should be treated as having been energised at 25 kva.c. with effect from …………
(iv)The required and necessary booster transformers and return conductor have been erected and connected in the
overhead equipment system for limiting the induced longitudinal voltage on telecom circuits to 60V under normal
conditions and 430V under fault conditions.
(v)Railways have surrendered telecom circuits and DOT/BSNL has been notified 15 days in advance of the exact
date of energisationindicating that overhead equipment in the section …………. Should be treated as having been
energised at 25 KV a.c. traction with effect from ……….
2.Board may consider granting permission to introduction of 25 KV a.c. traction without submission of completion
certificate from DOT/BSNL as prescribed vide proforma10.09 of ACTM
Chief Signal & Telecom. Engineer
(Construction)
OR
HOD S&T at the Railway PSU
Proforma10-19

Proforma10-19/1
GENERAL SAFETY CERTIFICATE
(As per sub para2(a) of para21009 of ACTM)
(See rule 5(3-42, 43 & 59), 5(4), 5(5) and ChampterVII of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)

Proforma10-20
FORM XV-2
(See rule 5(3)(59) and ChampterVIII of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject) OR ChiefElectricalEngineerOpenLineRailway
CERTIFICATE FOR ELECTRICAL WORKS
(As per sub para2(b) of para21009 of ACTM)

Proforma10-21
JOINT SAFETY CERTIFICATE NO.SLC/BG/O1/2004
NORTHERN RAILWAY
Certifiedthatitissafetorun……………… classoflocomotive,singleorcoupled,havingmaximum
axleload……atthemaximumspeedandonthesectiongiveninthetablebelow.Themaximum
permissiblespeedascertifiedbyRDSOisgiveninjuxtaposition.
Sr.Class of
locomotives
& drawing
Nos.
Section K.M. Existing
permissible
speed of the
section
(KMPH)
Proposed
permissible
speed
(KMPH)
Maximum
permissible
speed
certifiedby
RDSO in
(KMPH)
Speed
restricted
(Permanen
t&
Temporary
)
Reaso
ns for
speed
restrict
ion
Remar
ks
FromToFromTo
1 2 3456 7 8 9 10 11 12
( )( )( )( ) ( )
ChiefSignal&TelecomEngg.ChiefOperatingManagerChiefMechanicalEngineerChiefElectricalEngineerPrincipalChiefEngineer
Railway Railway Railway Railway Railway

Proforma10-23
BRIEF PARTICULARS OF TRACTION INSTALLATION
FORM X
(See rule 5(I)(j) of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
Section:Tundla-Delhi NorthCentralRailway
Length:292RKM Guage…1676mm
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject)OR ChiefElectricalEngineer/Cont.
OpenLineRailway

Proforma10-23
POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION ABSTRACT
FORM XI
(See rule 5(I)(k) of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
SECTION: RAILWAY
LENGTH:…………..Km GUAGE…………… mm
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject) OR ChiefElectricalEngineer/Cont.
OpenLineRailway
Sr. Typeof SwtichingstationsTotal nosLocation and Nearest Railway stationsRemarks
1 2 3 4 5
1.Tractionsubstationandfeeding
stations
2.Sectioningandparalleling
3.Sub-sectioningandparalleling
stations
4.Sub-sectioningstations
5.Boostertransformerstations (List to be attached)
6.LTsupplytransformerstations (List to be attached)

Proforma10-24
MAINTENANCE DEPOT ABSTRACT
FORM XII
(See rule 5(I)(I) of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
SECTION: RAILWAY
LENGTH:…………..Km GUAGE…………… mm
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject) OR ChiefElectricalEngineer/Cont.
OpenLineRailway
Sr.LocationNameof the nearest Railway
stations and distance there
from
No. of OHE maintenance car (tower wagon)
and emergency road vehicles provided.
Remarks
1 2 3 4 5

Proforma10-25
RESTRICTED OHE CLEARANCE ABSTRACT
FORM XIII
(See rule 5(I)(m) of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
SECTION: RAILWAY
LENGTH:…………..Km GUAGE…………… mm
Sr.Location
of over
line
Structure
Type of
Structure
Clearance
from R.L. to
bottom of
Structure
Height of
contact wire
below the
structure
Whether catenary
is anchoredor
freely running
below/ above the
structure
Minimum static
clearances
between 25KV
live parts &
earth
Remarks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject) OR ChiefElectricalEngineer/Cont.
OpenLineRailway
A.OverviewStructure
Sr.LocationType of nearest earthed partActual distance between live part and earthRemarks
1 2 3 4 5
B.OverviewStructure

Proforma10-26
ELECTRICAL CROSSING OVER ELECTRIFIED TRACKS ABSTRACT
FORM XIV
(See rule 5(I)(n) of the Railways Opening for Public Carriage of Passengers Rules, 2000)
SECTION: RAILWAY
LENGTH:………… ..Km GUAGE…………… mm
Sr.Location Brief Tech.
particulars
including voltage
Whether with
Guards OR
w/o Guards
Owned
by
Whether clearance as
per the regulations for
Electrical Crossing
available
Remarks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CPMorCEE(InchargeofProject) OR ChiefElectricalEngineer/Cont.
OpenLineRailway

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