Over population

Over population

1. Over- Population -Dr. Karishma Chaudhary

2. OVER POPULATION According to an American Paul Ehrlich, overpopulation is a situation where a population is in the process of depleting non renewable resources. Human overpopulation is when there are too many people for the environment to sustain with food, drinkable water, breathable air etc. Scientists suggest that the overall human impact due to overpopulation on the environment is causing overconsumption, excessive pollution, and proliferation of technology, has pushed the planet into a new geological epoch known as the Anthropocene.

3. All our environmental problems become easier to solve with fewer people, and harder - and ultimately impossible - to solve with ever more people." – Sir David Attenborough, Population Matters patron

4. Current Population is Three Times the Sustainable Level Earth's resources are enough to sustain only about 2 to 3 billion people at a European standard of living.

5. India Population

6. The current population of India is 1,381,752,440 as of Tuesday, August 18, 2020, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. India 2020 population is estimated at 1,380,004,385 people at mid year according to UN data. India population is equivalent to 17.7% of the total world population . India ranks number 2 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population . The population density in India is 464 per Km 2 (1,202 people per mi 2 ). The total land area is 2,973,190 Km2 (1,147,955 sq. miles) 35.0 % of the population is urban (483,098,640 people in 2020) The median age in India is 28.4 years .

7. Go to below link for recent DATA https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/india-demographics/#u5-infa-title

8. Population density Map https:// upload.wikimedia.org / wikipedia /commons/0/03/ India_population_density_map_en.svg

9. India Population forecast Year Population Yearly % Change Migrants (net) Median Age Fertility Rate Density (P/Km²) Urban Pop % Urban Population Country's Share of World Pop World Population India Global Rank 2020 1,380,004,385 1.04 % -532,687 28.4 2.24 464 35.0 % 483,098,640 17.70 % 7,794,798,739 2 2025 1,445,011,620 0.92 % -464,081 30.0 2.24 486 37.6 % 542,742,539 17.66 % 8,184,437,460 2 2030 1,503,642,322 0.80 % -440,124 31.7 2.24 506 40.4 % 607,341,981 17.59 % 8,548,487,400 1 2035 1,553,723,810 0.66 % -415,732 33.3 2.24 523 43.5 % 675,456,367 17.48 % 8,887,524,213 1 2040 1,592,691,513 0.50 % -415,736 35.0 2.24 536 46.7 % 744,380,367 17.31 % 9,198,847,240 1 2045 1,620,619,200 0.35 % -414,772 36.6 2.24 545 50.1 % 811,749,463 17.09 % 9,481,803,274 1 2050 1,639,176,033 0.23 %   38.1 2.24 551 53.5 % 876,613,025 16.84 % 9,735,033,990 1

10. ear Population Yearly % Change Yearly Change Migrants (net) Median Age Fertility Rate Density (P/Km²) Urban Pop % Urban Population Country's Share of World Pop World Population India Global Rank 2020 1,380,004,385 0.99 % 13,586,631 -532,687 28.4 2.24 464 35.0 % 483,098,640 17.70 % 7,794,798,739 2 2019 1,366,417,754 1.02 % 13,775,474 -532,687 27.1 2.36 460 34.5 % 471,828,295 17.71 % 7,713,468,100 2 2018 1,352,642,280 1.04 % 13,965,495 -532,687 27.1 2.36 455 34.1 % 460,779,764 17.73 % 7,631,091,040 2 2017 1,338,676,785 1.07 % 14,159,536 -532,687 27.1 2.36 450 33.6 % 449,963,381 17.74 % 7,547,858,925 2 2016 1,324,517,249 1.10 % 14,364,846 -532,687 27.1 2.36 445 33.2 % 439,391,699 17.75 % 7,464,022,049 2 2015 1,310,152,403 1.20 % 15,174,247 -470,015 26.8 2.40 441 32.7 % 429,069,459 17.75 % 7,379,797,139 2 2010 1,234,281,170 1.47 % 17,334,249 -531,169 25.1 2.80 415 30.8 % 380,744,554 17.74 % 6,956,823,603 2 2005 1,147,609,927 1.67 % 18,206,876 -377,797 23.8 3.14 386 29.1 % 334,479,406 17.54 % 6,541,907,027 2 2000 1,056,575,549 1.85 % 18,530,592 -136,514 22.7 3.48 355 27.6 % 291,350,282 17.20 % 6,143,493,823 2

11. Population is rising at an alarming rate in India making overpopulation an urgent and important issue. Indians are ignoring the soon to burst-overpopulation bomb. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi had urged the nation to understand the importance of birth control during his 73rd Independence Day speech last year from the Red Fort.   Prime Minister Modi emphasized that population explosion in the country has and will create various problems for the coming generations. There is a need for social awareness in the country.

12. Other Countries https:// www.worldometers.info /geography/countries-of-the-world/

13. Why Over population With the advancement of science and technology, the mortality rate among humans has reduced significantly and within the last two centuries the population has increased manifolds. Human resource is the biggest asset but it is becoming a liability to our nation. According to the 1941 census of India, the population of India was nearly 31 crore which since then has increased more than four times since independence. The current population is estimated to be 138 crore. The surface area of Indian land is 2.4 per cent but the Indian population is 18 per cent of the world population. India is the second most populous nation in the world after China.

14. The over population is exerting an ill impact on the growth of the society and nation with an increasing trend of unemployment, overcrowding of infrastructure and depletion of the natural and manmade resources. The recent emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has further exposed not only the health related problems but other non health related problems of overpopulation. The densely over populated areas are giving nightmares to the administration to contain the Covid-19 infection.

15. Almost half of the population in the Indian metropolitan cities is living in slums. There are dozens of slums which have been illegally built in each metropolitan city of India which are posing a health threat to the humans living there. Overpopulation is the main cause of pollution of air, water and food which are vital for all living creatures. The overpopulation is causing climate change and climate change is ultimately affecting not only the longevity and existence of the human beings but every other creature on the planet as well. This imbalance is leading to ecological and societal collapse. The impact of overpopulation on mother earth is such that there is a potential risk of mass starvation which may lead to extinction of the human race, as it is believed theoretically.

16. THE CAUSES OF OVER POPULATION ???????????????????????????

17. The Causes of Over Population Poverty Poverty is believed to be the leading cause of overpopulation. A lack of educational resources, coupled with high death rates leading to higher birth rates, result in impoverished areas seeing large booms in population. The effect is so extensive that the UN has predicted that the forty-eight poorest countries in the world are also likely to be the biggest contributors to population growth. Their estimates state that the combined population of these countries is likely to balloon to 1.7 billion in 2050, from 850 million in 2010. Illiteracy

18. Poor Contraceptive Use A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that this usage figure drops to 43% in countries that are blighted by issues like poverty, which leads to higher birth rates.

19. Child Labor As distressing as it may be to hear, child labor is still used extensively in many parts of the world. UNICEF estimates that approximately 150 million children are currently working, primarily in countries that have few child labor laws. This can result in children being seen as a source of income by impoverished families. Furthermore, children who begin work too young also lose the educational opportunities they should be granted, particularly when it comes to birth control.

20. Reduced Mortality Rates Improvement in medical technology has led to lower mortality rates for many serious diseases. Particularly dangerous viruses and ailments such as polio, smallpox and measles have been practically eradicated by such advances. While this is positive news in many ways, it also means that people are living longer than ever before. This “delay” in the cycle of life and death has led to birth rates outstripping death rates by over two to one in modern times.

21. Fertility Treatment Though it only plays a minor role in comparison to the other causes of overpopulation, improved fertility treatments have made it possible for more people to have children. The number of women using various fertility treatments has been on the rise since their inception. Now most have the option of conceiving children, even if they may not have been able to do so without such treatments.

22. Immigration Unchecked immigration into countries may lead to overpopulation to the point where those countries no longer have the required resources for their population. This In some cases, immigrants may be attempting to escape overpopulation in their own countries, only to contribute to the same issues in the countries they move to.

23. The Effects Lack of Water Overpopulation creates greater demand on the world’s freshwater supplies. As only roughly 1% of the world’s water is fresh and accessible, this creates a major issue. Some estimates state that human demand for fresh water will stand at approximately 70% of what is available on the planet by 2025. This will place those living in impoverished areas that already have limited access to such water at great risk.

24. Lower Life Expectancy While higher life expectancy is leading to increases in population in developed countries, lower life expectancy may be caused by the booms in population that less developed nations are experiencing. A large proportion of the world’s population growth occurs in less developed countries. This stretches the resources these countries have thinner resulting in less access to medical care, fresh water, food and jobs, all resulting in a fall in life expectancy.

25. Extinction The effect of overpopulation on the world’s wildlife is also a major issue. As demand for land grows, so too does the destruction of natural habitats, such as forests. Some scientists warn that if present trends continue, as many as 50% of the world’s wildlife species will be at risk of extinction. Data has also been collected to show that there is a direct link between increases in human population and decreases in the number of species on the planet.

26. Resource Consumption As the population grows, so too does the amount of resources needed to keep so many people alive. Food, water and fossil fuels are all being consumed at record rates, placing greater demands on producers and the planet itself. Ironically, it is the discovery of many of these natural resources – particularly fossil fuels – that have contributed to conditions that are favorable to population growth. A study has shown that the world’s ecosystem changed more rapidly in the latter-half of the twentieth century than at any other point in history because of increased use of these resources.

27. Increased Intensive Farming As population has grown over the years, farming practices have evolved to produce enough food to feed larger numbers of people. However, intensive farming methods also cause damage to local ecosystems and the land, which may pose problems in the future. Furthermore, intensive farming is also considered a major contributor to climate change due to the machinery required. This effect will likely intensify if the population continues to grow at its current rate.

28. Faster Climate Change Overpopulation directly correlates to climate change, particularly as larger nations, like China and India, continue to develop their industrial capacities. They now rank as two of the three largest contributors to emissions in the world, alongside the United States. 97% of the scientific community agrees that human activities are changing global temperatures. Larger populations may speed these changes up, especially if more is not done to reduce individual carbon footprints on a wide scale.

29. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS??????

30. Potential Solutions So now we know more about overpopulation and the effects it can have, but what can be done about it? There are a number of proposed solutions. Better Sex Education A lack of sex education – or poorly-implemented education – has led to overpopulation issues in many countries. The issue is so pronounced that the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is calling for improvements to be made, particularly in poorer areas of the world. Better education will help people understand more about the potential consequences of having sex as they relate to child birth. It will also do away with many of the myths that surround the sexual act and introduce scientifically-proven methods of birth control.

31. While a number of organizations exist to provide schools with curricula and teaching materials to cover the subject of overpopulation, it is still a subject that is not covered in schools as well as it should be. This education should extend beyond talking about sex and into the global consequences of overpopulation. Dialog about the subject needs to be more open, with sites like debate.org offering useful resources that allow the issue to be confronted rationally.

32. Access to Contraceptives Access to birth control must go hand-in-hand with better sex education. After all, without it people cannot put what they have learned into practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that 225 million women who are living in the developing countries would prefer to postpone giving birth but are not using any form of contraception. Many organizations, such as the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), also support improving access to contraceptives.

33. Changes in Policy Many nations offer rewards, whether in the form of financial incentives or increased benefits, to those who have more children. This may lead to some couples having more children than they otherwise would if they needed to worry about the financial consequences. This is a difficult issue to confront. China’s “One-Child’ policy was recently abandoned, in part, because of the restrictions it placed on freedom, and it is likely that similar policies would be seen as equally restrictive.

34. INDIA – Way forward In spite of spending so much money on such subsidies, India could not achieve what was expected in spite of 73 years of independence.  It is suggested that the Government should provide free education and health to each and every citizen of the nation irrespective of the caste, creed, class, gender, region and religion . If this is not possible then at least these two sectors should not work on the principles of business rather they should work on humanitarian and social principles. If it is executed in such a way then the results will be worthwhile and will give far reaching beneficial effects to the nation. Overpopulation is the root cause of all ills. This message should be ingrained in every citizen’s mind that overpopulation is causing depletion of all our natural and manmade resources all over the world. 

35. A two baby norm per couple if enacted, with preferably a girl and a boy child, is a sustainable and a very effective way of curbing the population menace and maintaining the sex ratio which will be stationary at each generation. Overpopulation can be contained and controlled. This can be implemented only by humans. There should be global population policy as efforts of one nation or few nations would not be so impactful. The over-population problem should be approached as a global problem. It is time for all countries to control population in order to have sustainable life on earth without violating the rights of others and wildlife.

36. Modern economics is a competitive economy driven by technological advances where the illiterate and unskilled people aren’t used due to increased mechanisation or least used due to increased industrialisation as it is evident in many poor and developing countries. The increasing trend of unemployment is causing various socio economic problems. Over population is making India a fiercely competitive society and this trend of competition is visible in every field which is the root cause of stress.  Stress has been blamed for almost 70 per cent of non-communicable diseases. Diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cardiac problem, insomnia and hormonal disturbance are somehow caused due to stress. If causes of overpopulation are analysed , then it seems that poverty and illiteracy are the main causes of population explosion. 

37. WHAT KIND OF FUTURE YOU WANT FOR YOUR CHILDREN ….

38. Population pyramid Population pyramids often contain continuous stacked-histogram bars, making it a horizontal bar diagram. The population size is depicted on the x-axis (horizontal) while the age-groups are represented on the y-axis (vertical). The size of the population can either be measured as a percentage of the total population or by raw number. Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right. Population pyramids are often viewed as the most effective way to graphically depict the age and distribution of a population, partly because of the very clear image these pyramids represent. A great deal of information about the population broken down by age and sex can be read from a population pyramid, and this can shed light on the extent of development and other aspects of the population.

39. A population pyramid gives a clear picture of how a country transitions from high fertility to low fertility rate. The broad base of the pyramid means a relative majority of the population lies between ages 0–14, which tells us that the fertility rate of the country is high and above population sub-replacement fertility level. The older population is declining over time due to a shorter life expectancy of sixty years.

40. https:// www.populationpyramid.net / india /2020/