Over view on classification of lipids

This presentation explains how the lipids are classified in broad manner and this presentation provides the knowledge on Biochemistry in lipids

1. OVER VIEW ON CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

2. Lipids classification Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and functions of living cells.

3. Simple lipids: A  simple lipid  is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance . Eg;Fats , oil and waxes Saturated fats. Trans fats. Monounsaturated fats. Polyunsaturated fats.

4. In other terms they can be sorted out as true fats They can act as insulator And they provide protection by depositing under the organs They were also the preserved form of energy

5. Waxes Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic , malleable solids near ambient temperatures.

6. Waxes are the esters of fatty acids and alcohol other than glycerol Plant waxes-Aquatic animals Cutin -cuticle of hydrophiles Beewax -honey bee wax Ear wax- cerimen or ceruminuous gland of ear Sebum - sebaceous gland Wool wax- lanolin -sheep

7. Conjugated lipids (Simple lipid+Non -lipid part) Compound lipids They are the esters of fatty acids and alcohols containing additional groups. They are also called as “ heterolipids .” Like, they may combine with additional compounds like Phosphorous, Carbohydrates, and Sulfur groups.

8. Phospholipds Structure Present in plasma membrane Fatty acid + Phosphate group

9. Glycolipids Structure The basic  structure  of a  glycolipid  consists of a mono- or oligosaccharide group attached to a sphingolipid or a glycerol group (can be acetylated or alkylated ) with one or two fatty acids. ... Synthesis of  glycolipids  proceed by a series of enzymes that sequentially add sugars to the lipid. That are generally  found  on the extracellular face of eukaryotic cellular membranes, and function to maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate cell–cell interactions.  Glycolipids  can also act as receptors for viruses and other pathogens to enter cells. Carbs+lipids Present in the extracellular surfaces of eukaryotic cells

10. Sulfolipds Sulfolipids  are a class of lipids which possess a sulfur-containing functional group.

11. Lipoproteins Lipo proteins are class where the lipid and protein are conjugated together and performs function Sphingolipids consists the sphingoid bases They were discovered in brain extracts in the 1870s and were named after the mythological sphinx because of their enigmatic nature.

12. Derived lipids Derived lipids : Hydrolysis product of simple and compound  lipids  is called  derived lipids . They include fatty acid, glycerol, sphingosine and steroid derivatives. Steroid derivatives are phenanthrene structures that are quite different from  lipids  made up of fatty acids.

13. Terpenoids The  terpenoids , sometimes called  isoprenoids , are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring  organic chemicals  derived from the 5-carbon compound  isoprene , and the isoprene polymers called  terpenes . Most are multicyclic structures with oxygen-containing functional groups.And in which the can be classified as mono - methanol, di - Retinol, sesqui - zingiberene , tetra- β- carotene.

14. Alcohols The alcohols are obtained from the triglycerides (fatty acid triesters ), which form the bulk of the oil. The process involves the transesterification of the triglycerides to give methyl esters which are then hydrogenated to give the fatty alcohols.

15. Carotenoids Carotenoids  are pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. These pigments produce the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits.  Carotenoids  act as a type of antioxidant for humans. There are more than 600 different types of  carotenoids . alpha  carotene . beta  carotene . beta cryptoxanthin . lutein . zeaxanthin . lycopene .

16. Sterols -Steroids The sterolos can also be classified based on the ORIGIN Phytosterol Fungal Sterol Animal Sterol

17. Phytosterols Phytosterols , or plant sterols, are a family of molecules related to cholesterol. They are found in the cell membranes of plants, where they play important roles — just like cholesterol in humans. The most common  phytosterols  in your diet are campesterol , sitosterol , and stigmasterol .

18. Animal Sterol Animal Sterol-Wisely known as Choloesterol Which acts as the reserved form energy source in animals during the hibernation. And Steroid hormones like progesterone and testosterone, Adrenaline are kinda of a animal sterol.

19. Fatty acids Fatty acids : Molecules that are long chains of lipid-carboxylic  acid  found in fats and oils and in cell membranes as a component of phospholipids and glycolipids in short. Where the LINOLEIC ACID can be converted to Arachidonic acid The fatty acids can be described as Saturated ( single bond) and Unsaturated fatty acids (double or triple bonds), based on their bonds

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