Overview of internationa tourism and tourism impacts.pptx

Tourism

1. Overview of international tourism and tourism impacts ICGS 123 Tourism Concepts and Practices Asst. Prof. Sompong Amnuay-ngerntra (PhD) Tourism and Hospitality Management Division Mahidol University International College

2. The growth of global travel (Pre-COVID 19) Tourism impacts and contributions Content

3. Factors shaping the growth of international travel Economic growth: Multi-purposed trip Demographical change: the aging population with high willingness to spend, DINK and Reduced family size Change in travel behaviour: Individualism, saving for children to reward themselves, buying products to travel experiences (Film induced tourism: popularity of movie, series and media) Overseas travel requirements: Money, time, passport, and entry visa. Government policy on travel facilitation Free visa travel L ong weekend holidays Tax reduction scheme

4. Factors shaping the growth of international travel (Cont.) Technological advances: Online booking (faster, simpler) The increase of air connectivity: Chiang Mai and Taipei The increase of low cost airlines: travel more affordable Major infrastructure development: Rapid rail service (Kunming to Singapore) Airport infrastructure development: SIA, HCM, Laos, Cambodia, Donmuang and Suvanabhumi Competitive forces: The increase of overseas tourism offices Smart phone airport Air A sia and Lion air Rapid rail service

5. Why tourism matters Economic benefits, job creation, and economic growth. Socio-cultural exchange Environmental awareness and protection

6. Economic Growth Globalisation is considered to increase the economic prosperity of countries, as rising trade and investment flows generate additional world GDP. In particular, strong income growth in developing economies such as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) is expected to drive the increase in international tourism worldwide as the ‘new wealthy’ seek new experiences. The UNWTO projects tourism to grow at 4.1% annually at least to 2020, fuelled primarily by economic growth internationally. By 2030, it is forecast that destinations in today’s emerging economies will account for 57 percent of international tourist arrivals compared to 47 percent in 2011 As rising income is the most powerful generator of tourism flows to the extent that globalisation generates a dynamic world economy, it also creates the economic basis for continued growth in domestic and international tourism worldwide.

7. The other side - - - Critics have argued that globalisation has effects that greatly reduce the economic impacts of tourism growth. income inequality, economic dependency consolidation tourism expenditure leakages destruction of local industry

8. Spread of Technical Knowledge Access to information technology provides awareness of other countries and their tourism offers. The tourism industry globally uses social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and travel blogs such as TripAdviser , much more intensively, both on the demand and supply side These new technologies have facilitated greater information flows between travellers. interactive access to product offering via the Internet gives tourists unprecedented control over how they spend their time and money.

9. Spread of Technical Knowledge Travel and tourism companies and organisations increasingly integrate ICT into their sales and marketing activities. The Internet allows marketing activity to be undertaken on a more level playing field whereby small businesses can connect directly to consumers and compete for market share on an even footing with larger firms New technologies globally also compete with tourism by delivering new forms of entertainment in or near the consumer’s home. The new technologies with sophisticated database management systems have transformed travel and tourism into a more flexible, customised, individual-oriented activity responding to individual preferences Technology changes thus enable an increasing proportion of tourism organizations to achieve the dual goals of reducing operating costs and increase their ability to add value for their customers.

10. Discussion questions 1. How does tourism affect local culture and traditions, both positive and negative? 2. How does tourism affect the environment and natural resources, both positive and negative?

11. Social Effects: Positive The globalisation of social networks , whether through multinational companies, higher education, or international civil society, can be expected to drive further growth of tourism and travel . Inter alia , tourism can lead to removal of social or national prejudices, promote mutual understanding between hosts and guests, encourage civic involvement and local pride in a destination, improve the quality of life of locals including the vitality of local communities , and increases availability of recreation facilities and opportunities . Globalisation forges cross-cultural contacts , helping to promote cultural understanding and tolerance, as well as the spread of democratic ideals . Globalization has helped to create internationally sanctioned agreements which attempt to ensure that people are not discriminated against on the basis of country, caste, creed or sex.

12. Commodification of culture

13. Social Effects: Negative On a contrary view, since the cultures of those countries that have more economic power are likely to be more dominant than others, it is no surprise that global tourism threatens indigenous knowledge, social structures and relationships . In many developing countries, tourism's effects on indigenous peoples have been profound : widescale eviction from their lands economic dislocation breakdown of traditional values degradation of cultural sites when historic sites and buildings demolished to make way for tourist facilities. commodification of culture Clearly the reality differs case by case.

14. Environmental Effects As a counterargument, all countries face intensified environmental problems as a result of population growth, economic development and rapid urbanisation . Trade growth has also accelerated the depletion of non-renewable resources , such as oil. Increased consumption leads to an increase in the production of goods, which in turn puts stress on the environment via its carbon footprint. Tourism transport, especially aviation, is a high emitter of greenhouse gases , and contributor to global warming . Human, animal and plant diseases spread more quickly through increased movement of goods and people around the globe. The main environmental trends such as climate change, depletion of natural resources and loss of biodiversity , are all associated with globalisation .