Overview of Internet

PPT explains the overview of internet and its protocols

2. INTERNET
Internetorinternetworkingreferstoawide
networkthroughwhichcomputersareinterconnected
globallywithoneanother,capableofsharing
resourcesamongthemselves.Thisnetworkiscalled
‘internet’.Internetreferstomillionsofcomputers,
connectedinagiganticnetwork,whichcommunicate
viaTCP/IPprotocols.

3. Itisanetworkofnetworks.Internetcarriesan
extensiverangeofinformationresourcesandservices,
suchastheinter-linkedhypertextdocuments
andapplicationsoftheWorldWideWeb(WWW),
electronicmail,telephony,andpeer-to-peer
networksforfilesharing.

4. HISTORY OF INTERNET
1950S -electronic computers.
Packet networking -computer science laboratories
in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.
1960s -US Department of Defense developed
theARPANET
1961s -Wesley Clark-Interface Message Processor
computer interface between computer and WAN
1972 -Bob Kahn –Packet switched network
1973s -TCP/IP
1980 -Ethernet

5. 1982 -Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
1983 -Domain Name System
1985 –First .Com domain name registered
1988 -OSI Reference Model released
1990 -Search engine
1991 -WWW
1995 –Amazon
1996 –Hotmail
1998-Google search
2001-Wikipedia
2003-Skype

6. 2004-Facebook
2005-Youtube
2006 -Twitter
2007-Kindle
2009-Bing
2010-Instagram

7. SERVICES AND ACCESSIBILITY
Electronic mail
Electronic mailing lists
USENET newsgroups
Real-time communication
File transfer protocol
Telnet
Gopher
World Wide Web (WWW)

8. INTERNET CONNECTIONS
Dial-up connections
High Speed Connections
–Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
–Cable
–Satellite
–Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

9. TYPES OF NETWORK
Example Range Bandwidth
(Mbps)
Latency
(ms)
Wired:
LAN Ethernet 1-2 km 10-1000 1-10
MAN ATM 250 km 1-150 10
WAN IP routing worldwide .01-600 100-500
InternetworkInternet worldwide 0.5-600 100-500
Wireless:
WPAN Bluetooth (802.15.1) 10 -30m 0.5-2 5-20
WLAN WiFi (IEEE 802.11) 0.15-1.5 km2-54 5-20
WMAN WiMAX (802.16) 550 km 1.5-20 5-20
WWAN GSM, 3G phone nets worldwide 0.01-2 100-500

10. USES OF THE INTERNET
Telecommuting
News, jobs, software
Online courses, virtual classrooms, coaching
Government services, politics and national
defense
Electronic publishing
Entertainment
Teaching and learning
Scholarly research

11. BENEFITS OF USING INTERNET
Global Audience
Operates 24 hours, 7daysa week
Relatively Inexpensive
Product Advertising
Distribute Product Catalogs
Online Surveys
Announcements
Obtain Customer Feedback
Immediate Distribution of Information
Multimedia

12. DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET
Spam Mail
Kids Exposed to Adults-Only Content
Addiction to Internet
Leakage of Private Information
Virus, Trojan and Other Malware

13. WEB CONCEPT
WWW –hypertext –millions of documents
hypertext link
Web page-HTML
Website-related pages
Web server
Web Browser

14. WORKING Of CLIENT /SERVER MODEL
Client
Server
http
URL –Uniform Resource Locator
Protocol
Domain Name
Path
http: //www.vvvc.org/students.html
Host names
.edu.com .org .gov

15. PROTOCOLS
Set of rules or an agreement
Ethernet
Internet Protocol
Transport Control Protocol
File transport Protocol
Hypertext Transport Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

16. INTERNET PROTOCOL
IP Address
Network Address –128.213
Host Address –1.1
Types of Internet Protocol7 24
Clas s A:0Network ID Host ID
14 16
Clas s B:10 Network ID Host ID
21 8
Clas s C:110 Network ID Host ID
28
Clas s D (multic ast):1110 Multicast address
27
Clas s E (reserv ed):1111 unus ed0

17. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
OSI reference model
Reliable transmission, Connection oriented
Application to IP layer
Detect lost packets
Request for retransmission
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
Connectionless
no reliability
Source port, Destination port, Length and
checksum.

18. OVERVIEW OF OSI REFERENCE MODEL
Open Systems Interconnection
Created by International
Standards Organisation
Seven Layer model
Relationship and interaction
between network services
Rules and conventions for
various functions within
each layer

20. PHYSICAL LAYER
Deals with all aspects of physically moving data
from one computer to the next
Cable standards, wireless standards, and fiber optic
standards
Used to transmit data
Hub
DATA LINK LAYER
Is responsible for moving frames from node to node
or computer to computer across routers
Ethernet Protocol and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

21. Switch
Two sub layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and
the Media Access Control (MAC)

22. Logical Link Control (LLC)
Data Link layer addressing, flow control, address
notification, error correction
Media Access Control (MAC)
Determines which computer has access to the
network media at any given time
Determines where one frame ends and the next one
starts called frame synchronization

23. Network Layer
Responsible for moving packets (data) from one
end of the network to the other, called end-to-end
communications
logical addresses such as IP addresses
Router
Routing is the ability of various network devices
and their related software to move data packets
from source to destination

24. TRANSPORT LAYER
Data transmission
Reassembled in correct order at destination
connection-oriented protocol
connectionless protocol
Reliability of the transport of sent data
SESSION LAYER
Managing the dialog between networked devices
Establishes, manages, and terminates connections
Provides procedures for establishing checkpoints,
adjournment, termination, and restart or recovery
procedures

25. PRESENTATION LAYER
How data is presented to the network
Handles three primary tasks:
Translation
Changes data so another type of computer can
understand it.
Compression
Makes data smaller to send more data in same
amount of time.
Encryption
Encodes data to protect from interception or
eavesdropping.

26. APPLICATION LAYER
Contains all services or protocols needed by
application software or operating system to
communicate on the network
Firefox web browser uses HTTP
E-mail program may use POP3 to read e-mails and
SMTP to send e-mails

28. Thank you