Overview of the Coastal Resources Management

ESMa_5: Coastal Resources Management in the Philippines

1. Coastal Resurces Management

PRESENTED BY:


FOR. ELMER R CAUSING, MSci.ESM
BSES PROGRAM
SNSU MAIN,SURIGAO DEL NORTE

2. TOPICS
I. Introduction
II. Historical Context
III. Current State of Coastal Resources
IV. Major Issues and Challenges
V. Legal and Institutional Framework
VI. Strategies and Approaches
VII. Case Studies and Best Practices
VIII. Future Directions and Recommendations

3. I. Introduction
A.Coastal Resources Management
(CRM)
involves the sustainable use and
protection of coastal resources,
including marine life, habitats, and
human activities, to ensure long-
term ecological health and
economic benefits.

B. Importance of CRM in the
Philippines CRM
is crucial in the Philippines due to
its extensive coastline and rich
marine biodiversity. Effective CRM
helps protect livelihoods, supports
food security, and mitigates
environmental degradation.

4. C. Overview of the
Philippine Coastal
Environment



The Philippines
boasts diverse
coastal
ecosystems(which
are vital for marine
biodiversity and
local communities.

coral
reefs,
mangroves,
 seagrass beds,

5. II. Historical Context
A.Early Coastal Management
Practices
Traditional practices included
community-based management and
indigenous knowledge systems that
emphasized sustainable fishing and
resource use.

B. Evolution of CRM Policies and
Programs CRM
policies evolved from local practices to
formal government programs,
incorporating scientific research and
international best practices.

C. Key Milestones in CRM Development
Significant milestones include the
establishment of marine protected areas
(MPAs) and the implementation of the
Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550).

6. III. Current State of Coastal Resources
A. Coastal Habitats and Ecosystems
1.Coral Reefs: Vital for marine biodiversity but
threatened by overfishing and climate
change.
2.Mangroves: Provide coastal protection and
nursery habitats but face deforestation.
3.Seagrass Beds: Support marine life and
stabilize sediments but are impacted by
pollution

7. B. Marine Biodiversity-
The Philippines is part of the Coral Triangle, home to a vast array of marine
species, making it a global biodiversity hotspot.

The Coral Triangle is a marine region located in the western Pacific Ocean,
covering the waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New
Guinea, Timor Leste, and the Solomon Islands. It is recognized as the
global center of marine biodiversity, often referred to as the "Amazon of the
seas," due to its incredibly diverse ecosystem.

The Coral Triangle is home to approximately 76% of the world's coral
species and over 2,000 species of reef fish, as well as six of the world's
seven species of marine turtles. This region plays a crucial role in
supporting the livelihoods of millions of people, providing food, coastal
protection, and tourism opportunities. However, the Coral Triangle is also
under threat from overfishing, climate change, and pollution, making its
conservation a global priority.

8. C. Socio-Economic Importance of
Coastal Resources

1.Fisheries: Essential for food security and
livelihoods.
2.Tourism: Coastal areas attract tourists,
boosting local economies.
3.Livelihoods: Many communities depend on
coastal resources for their daily needs.

9. IV. Major Issues and Challenges
A.Overfishing and Illegal Fishing Practices
Overfishing depletes fish stocks, while illegal
practices like dynamite fishing destroy habitats.
B.Habitat Destruction
1.Coral Reef Degradation: Caused by
destructive fishing, pollution, and climate
change.
2.Mangrove Deforestation: Due to coastal
development and aquaculture expansion

10. IV. Major Issues and Challenges
C. Pollution and Waste Management -Marine
pollution from land-based sources and
improper waste disposal threatens marine
life and human health.
D. Climate Change and Its Impacts -Rising sea
levels, ocean acidification, and increased
storm intensity affect coastal ecosystems and
communities.
E. Policy and Institutional Gaps -Inconsistent
enforcement of laws and lack of coordination
among agencies hinder effective CRM.

11. V. Legal and Institutional Framework
A. National Laws and Policies
1. Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550):
Regulates fishing activities and promotes
sustainable practices.

2. National Integrated Protected Areas System
(NIPAS) Act (RA 7586): Establishes protected
areas for conservation.

3. Local Government Code (RA 7160): Empowers
local governments to manage coastal
resources

12. B. Key Government Agencies

4. Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR): Oversees
environmental protection.
5. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
(BFAR): Manages fisheries and aquatic
resources.
6. Local Government Units (LGUs): Implement
CRM at the local level.

13. C. Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
and Community-Based Organizations (CBOs)
NGOs and CBOs play a crucial role in
advocacy, education, and community
engagement in CRM initiatives.

14. VI. Strategies and Approaches
A.Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)
ICM promotes coordinated management of coastal resources across sectors
and stakeholders.
B. Community-Based Coastal Resource Management (CBCRM)
CBCRM involves local communities in decision-making and management,
ensuring sustainable use of resources.
C. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
MPAs protect critical habitats and biodiversity, supporting conservation and
sustainable use.
D. Sustainable Fisheries Management
Implementing sustainable fishing practices ensures long-term viability of fish
stocks.
E. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Strategies include habitat restoration, disaster risk reduction, and promoting
resilience in coastal communities.

15. VII. Case Studies and Best Practices
A.Successful CRM Projects
1.Apo Island Marine Reserve: A model of
community-based management,
protecting coral reefs and boosting local
tourism.
2.Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: A UNESCO
World Heritage site known for its effective

16. VII. Case Studies and Best Practices
B. Lessons Learned from CRM Initiatives
 Successful projects highlight the
importance of community involvement,
strong legal frameworks, and continuous
monitoring.

17. VIII. Future Directions and
Recommendations
A.Enhancing Policy and Institutional Support: Strengthening
policies and institutions ensures effective CRM
implementation.
B.Strengthening Community Participation: Empowering
communities fosters ownership and sustainable management
of coastal resources.
C.Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods: Developing alternative
livelihoods reduces pressure on coastal resources.
D.Improving Monitoring and Evaluation :Regular monitoring
and evaluation help track progress and adapt strategies as
needed.
E.Addressing Emerging Challenges: Proactive measures are
needed to tackle new threats like climate change and
pollution.

18. ….Thank you….