Oxidation and reduction reactions

this presentation includes all the important oxidation and reduction definitions. all oxidizing and reducing agents. oxidation reactions of organic chemistry. reactions involving hydrogen from substrates. oxidation of alcohols, swern oxidation. reactions involving addition of oxygen to the substrates; oxidation of aldehydes and ketones, baeyer villiger reaction, oxidation of alkenes with peroxyacids, hydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative cleavage of diols, ozonolysis, etard reaction, sharpless epoxidation.

1. Oxidation and reduction reactions

2. Oxidation and reduction definitions Oxidation  is any chemical reaction that involves the moving of electrons. Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized. Normally, this is a reaction between oxygen and a substance such as iron.

3. Reduction definition

4. Oxidation and reduction reactions are collectively called redox reactions .

5. Redox reaction

6. Oxidizing and reducing agents Reducing agent  (also called a  reductant  or  reducer ) is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction. A reducing agent is thus oxidized when it loses electrons in the redox reaction. Reducing agents "reduce" (or, are "oxidized" by) oxidizing agents. Oxidizers "oxidize" (that is, are reduced by) reducers. an  oxidizing agent  (oxidant, oxidizer) is a substance that can oxidize other substances — in other words to accept their electrons. Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and the halogens.

7. Oxidation vs reduction reactions

8. Reduction reactions examples

9. Oxidation reactions examples

10. Different oxidizing agents

11. Oxidation reactions

12. 1.Reactions involving elimination of hydrogen from substrates

13. Oxidation of alcohols Alcohol oxidation by chromic acid Chromic acid is formed when chromium trioxide or sodium dichromate is dissolved in aqueous acids. These reactions are easily recognized as oxidation because the number of C-H bonds decreases, and number of C-O bonds increases.

14. Alcohol oxidation by chromic acid

15. Alcohol oxidation by chromic acid MECHANISM

16. SWERN OXIDATION INVOLVING SWERN REAGENT It’s a mild oxidizing agent

17. SWERN OXIDATION INVOLVING SWERN REAGENT

18. Reactions involving addition of oxygen to substrates This involves the following oxidation reactions; Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones Oxidation of alkenes Etard reaction Oppeneur oxidation Sharpless epoxidation

19. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones

20. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones

21. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones

22. Baeyer villiger reaction mechanism

23. Oxidation of alkenes with peroxyacids Performic acid, peracetic acid, perbenzioc acid and trifluoro acetic acid are used.

24. Oxidation of alkenes with peroxyacids

25. Hydroxylation of alkenes

26. Oxidative cleavage of diols

27. Oxidative cleavage of diols

28. Oxidative cleavage of alkenes ozonolysis Alkenes can be directly oxidized to aldehydes and ketones using ozone. Alkenes are treated with ozone at low temperature, double bond breaks and the carbons that were doubly bonded to each other find themselves doubly bounded to the oxygens instead. This is known as ozonolysis .

29. Ozonolysis mechanism

30. Continue..

31. Permanganate cleavage of alkenes

32. Etard reaction The Etard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde.

33. Continue..

34. SHARPLESS EPOXIDATION The Sharpless epoxidation reaction is an enantioselective chemical reaction to prepare 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols. The stereochemistry of the resulting epoxide is determined by the enantiomer of the chiral tartrate diester employed in the reaction.

35. CONTINUE..

36. Oppenauer OXIDATION

37. CONTINUE

38. THE END