Oxidation ppt

oxidation reaction and multiple choice type question

1. OXIDATION Presented to: Dr. Rakhi Mishra Associate Professor NIET(PHARMACY INSTITUTE), Greater Noida Presented by: Ranjeet kumar yadav m. Pharm. 1 st year (pharmaceutical chemistry )

2. CONTENT Introduction Oxidizing agent Types of oxidation reaction Reactions involving elimination of hydrogen from substrate Reaction involving addition of oxygen to substrate Multiple choice type question

3. INTRODUCTION Oxidation is any chemical reaction that involves the moving of electrons. Specifically, it means the substance that gives away electrons is oxidized. Normally, this is a reaction between oxygen and a substance such as iron. Oxidation is nothing but a process in which either;. Addition of oxygen. Removal of hydrogen. Loss of an electron. Increase in oxidation number takes place .

4. OXIDIZING AGENT an oxidizing agent (oxidant, oxidizer) is a substance that can oxidize other substances-in other words to accept their electrons. Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and the halogens .

5. DIFFERENT OXIDIZING AGENTS

6. DIFFERENT OXIDIZING AGENTS

7. TYPES OF OXIDATION REACTION

8. Reactions involving elimination of hydrogen from substrate

9. OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS BY CHROMIC ACID Chromic acid is formed when chromium trioxide or sodium dichromate is dissolved in aqueous acids. These reactions. easily recognized as oxidation because the number of C-H bonds decreases, and number of C-O bonds increases .

10. SWERN OXIDATION INVOLVING SWERN REAGENT The actual oxidizing agent in the Swern oxidation is dimethylchlorosulfonium ion, which is formed from the reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide and oxalyl chloride. Like chromic acid oxidation, T he Swem oxidation uses an E2 reaction to form the aldehyde or ketone .

11. Reaction involving addition of oxygen to substrate This involving the following oxidation reactions .

12. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids. Because aldehydes are generally easier to oxidize than primary alcohols, any of the reagents described in the preceding section for oxidizing primary alcohols to carboxylic acids can be used to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids.

13. OXIDATION OF ALKENES PERMANGANATE CLEAVAGE OF ALKENES

14. ETARD REACTION The Etard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde

15. SHARPLESS EPOXIDATION The Sharpless epoxidation reaction is an enantioselective chemical reaction to prepare 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols. The stereochemistry of the resulting epoxide is determined by the enantiomer of the chiral tartrate diester employed in the reaction .

16. OPPENAUER OXIDATION Oppenauer oxidation, is a gentle method for selectively oxidizing secondary alcohols to ketones .

17. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Which among the following is the strongest oxidizing agent? H2O2 O3 K2Cr2O7 KMnO4 Ans. (b The total of the oxidation number in an element is charge Volatility Reduction oxidation Ans. (a

18. 3 . Which of the following is not a reducing agent? CO2 SO2 NO2 ClO2 Ans. (a 4. A number which is assigned to each atom or ion in a compound which explains its degree of oxidation is called ? oxidation state only oxidation number oxidation degree only oxidation state and number Ans. (d 5. The gain of oxygen is known as Oxidation Reduction Halogenation Chlorination Ans. (a 6. Which of the following undergoes a maximum change in its oxidation number, when a mixture of oxalic acid, potassium chlorate and sulphuric acid is heated? S Cl H C Ans. (b

19. 7 . The oxidation number for oxygen will always be 2 -2 1 -1 Ans. (b 8. The reaction in which oxidation and reduction takes place at the same time is called redox reaction oxidation reaction reduction reaction none of the above Ans. (a 9. In the reaction of formation of magnesium oxide magnesium undergoes ____ Reduction oxidation hydrogenation Decomposition Ans. (b 10. A zinc ion is formed due to oxidation. True false Ans. (a

20. 11 . Oxidation is the same as ____ addition of hydrogen removal of oxygen addition of oxygen removal of Nitrogen Ans. (c 12. Formation of zinc sulphide is an example of _____ Reduction oxidation removal of oxygen addition of hydrogen Ans. (b 13. SnCl2 + 2FeCl2 → SnCl4 + 2FeCl2 is an example of ______ reaction. only oxidation only reduction redox neither oxidation nor reduction Ans. (c 14. SnCl2 + 2FeCl2 → SnCl4 + 2FeCl2. Which of the following element undergoes oxidation in the reaction given? Iron tin Chlorine ferrous Ans. (b

21. 15 . Which of the following do you think is a correct statement? oxidation is caused by a reducing agent the oxidation reaction is a Redox reaction addition of electropositive element is a type of oxidation reduction is the addition of hydrogen Ans. (d 16. What is known as Autooxidation ? Formation of H2O by the oxidation of H2O2. Formation of H2O2 by the oxidation of H2O. Both (1) and (2) are true None of the above Ans. (b 17. Which of the following processes does not involve oxidation of iron? Formation of Fe(CO)5 from Fe. Liberation of H2 from steam by iron at high temperature. Rusting of iron sheets. Decolourisation of blue CuSO4 solution by iron Ans. (a 18. Which of the following reactions does not involve either oxidation or reduction? VO2+ → V2O3 Na → Na+ CrO2-4 → Cr2O2-7 Zn2+ →Zn Ans. (c

22. 19 . The colourless solution of silver nitrate slowly turns blue on adding copper chips to it because of Dissolution of Copper Oxidation of Ag+ → Ag Reduction of Cu2+ ions Oxidation of Cu atom Ans. (d 20. In the following reaction 4P+3KOH+3H2O 3KH2PO2+PH3 Phosphorus is both oxidized and reduced Only phosphorus is reduced Phosphorus is not oxidized None of these Ans. (a