Oxygenation Needs in nursing concenpt.pdf

oxygenation needs

1. Oxygenation Needs
By:
Wiradianto Putro, S.Kep, MPH

2. Oxygenation Needs
◼Basic human needs are used for the
continuity of body cell metabolism to
maintain life and the activity of various
organs or cells.

3. Organ contributed
◼Upper respiratory tract
▪Function : filtering, warming, and moisting air
▪consist of:
▪Nose
▪Farinx
▪Larynx

4. ◼Lower Respiratory Tract
▪Function: circulate air and produce surfactant
▪Consist of:
▪Trackhea
▪Broncus
▪Bronciolus

5. ◼Lungs
▪main respiratory organ
▪consist of:
▪right lung 3 lobes
▪left lung 2 lobes

6. Oxygenation Process
◼Ventilation
▪The process of oxygen entering and leaving the
atmosphere into the alveoli or from the alveoli into the
atmosphere
▪There is a difference in pressure between the atmosphere
and the lungs
◼Gas Difusion
▪The exchange between oxygen in the alveoli and
pulmonary capillaries and CO2 in the capillaries and alveoli
▪Influenced by: lung surface area, membrane thickness,
pressure differences and O2 concentration

8. Factors that affect oxygenation
requirements
◼Autonomous nerve
◼Hormon and drugs
◼allergic reaction
◼growth
◼environment
◼activity

9. Respiration Type
◼eksternal respiration
▪The process of O2 entering and CO2 leaving the
body
▪O2?????? nose & mouth?????? trachea??????
bronchial??????alveoli?????? through membrane??????O2
bound to red blood cell Hb?????? hearth
▪CO2?????? alveolar capillary membrane??????blood
capilary??????alveoli?????? bronchial??????trachea??????
nose/mouth

10. Internal Respiration
◼Gas exchange between tissue cells and the
surrounding fluid.
◼Blood?????? Hb?????? Tissue takes O2

12. Lung Function Assesment
◼Lung function can be assessed from lung
volume and capacity.
◼Lung volume (the volume of air that fills the
air spaces in the lungs), tdd:
▪Tidal volume: the amount of air that enters and
leaves the lungs during normal breathing. N=500
cc
▪Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): the amount of
air that can still be inhaled maximally after taking
a normal breath. N=3000 cc

13. ◼Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): the
maximum amount of air that can still be
exhaled after exhaling air during normal
breathing, 1100 cc
◼Residual volume (RV): the amount of air that
remains in the lungs even after maximal
exhalation, 1200 cc

14. Oxygenation Needs Problem
◼Hypoxia
▪A condition where the body's oxygen needs are
not met due to oxygen deficiency or increased
oxygen use at the cellular level.
▪Characterized by: Bluish color of the skin
(cyanosis)
▪etiology:
▪decreasing Hb ↓
▪O2 difusion from alveoli ↓ ke dalam darah
▪Perfusi jaringan ↓
▪Gangguan ventilasi

15. Changes in Breathing Patterns
◼Tachypnea
◼Bradypnea
◼Hiperventilasi (less co2)
◼Hipoventilasi (less 02)
◼Dispnea
◼Orthopnea

16. Airway Obstruction
◼An abnormal respiratory condition resulting
from the inability to cough effectively.
◼Cause:
▪Thick & excessive secretions
▪Ineffective cough
▪Sedative effects of medication
◼Clinical Manifestation
▪Unable to clear secretions from the airway
▪Breath sounds indicate obstruction
▪Abnormal rate, rhythm, and depth of breathing

17. Nursing Intervention
◼History
▪Respiratory distress, nasal obstruction, infectious
conditions
◼Cough Pattern and Sputum Production
▪Dry cough, productive cough
▪Sputum??????color, clarity, and mixed with blood
◼Chest Pain
▪Location, extent, intensity, cause, frequency

18. Physical Assesment
◼Inspection
▪Airway: nose, mouth, or using an assistive device
◼Palpation
▪Pain due to injury, inflammation
▪Determining chest wall movement during
inspiration and expiration
◼Perkusi
▪Normal: Sonor
▪Abnormal: hipersonor, tymphani

19. ◼Auskultation
▪breathing sound
▪Vesikuler
▪Bronkhial
▪wheezing
▪Bronkovesikuler
▪Ronchi

20. Nursing Diagnosis
◼Ineffective airway
◼Ineffective breathing pattern
◼Impaired gas exchange
◼Impaired tissue perfusion

21. Nursing Intervention
◼Maintaining an effective airway
◼Maintaining gas exchange/tissue perfussion

22. Nursing Implementation
◼Breathing Excercise
▪Breathing methods to improve alveolar
ventilation or maintain gas exchange, increase
cough efficiency, and reduce stress
▪Steps
▪wash hand
▪explain the procedure
▪It is recommended to start the exercise by inhaling
through the nose with the mouth closed.
▪It is recommended to hold your breath for 1-1.5 seconds,
then exhale through your lips
▪documentation

23. Effective Coughing Exercises
◼A way to train patients who do not have the ability to
cough effectively with the aim of clearing the larynx,
trachea, and bronchioles of secretions or foreign objects in
the airway.
▪Steps
▪Wash hand
▪explain procedure
▪Position the patient by sitting on the edge of the bed leaning forward.
▪Encourage slow, deep breathing using diaphragmatic breathing.
▪After that, hold your breath for about 2 seconds.
▪Cough with your mouth open
▪Take a light breath
▪rest
▪documentation

24. Oxygen Adminisration
◼Nursing actions by providing oxygen into the
lungs through the respiratory tract using an
oxygen aid.
◼The aim is to meet oxygen needs and prevent
hypoxia.
◼There are various ways to provide oxygen:
▪Nasal
▪Mask

25. Thank You…