oxyuroidea & spirouroidea-1.pptx .Nematodal presentation 4th semester

Nematodes

1. Abdur Rehman DVM-M-22-05 Mohammad Asif DVM-M-22-10 DVM-M-22-14 Ubaidullah DVM-M-22-18 Muhammad Shoaib DVM-M-22-25 Muhammad Aman Tariq DVM-M-22-35 Muhammad Abdullah Javed DVM-M-22-42 Mudasir Bashir DVM-M-22-44 Abdul Sami Khan DVM-M-22-54 M. Tahseen Nawaz Babar DVM-M-22-61 Meer Shahjahan DVM-M-22-2148 Syed Hassan Abbas Kazmi Group 2

2. Veterinary Helminthology (Nematodes) 2

3. OXYUROIDEA (Pin Worms) Oxyuris Mature female (large white worm) pointed tails Double oesophageal bulb Tiny single spicule in male

4. Life Cycle adult (lumen of colon) - gravid female travel to anus – lay eggs in clumps (yellowish white gelatinous streaks) – larvae out ( 4-5 days) L3 – ingestion of egg / larvae – intestine – large intestine- mucosal crypts of caecum and colon (L4) – adult

5. Pathogenesis- small erosions of mucosa due to feeding of L4 , heavy infection accompanied with inflammatory response. CL. Signs – rarely cause clinical signs, pruritis , rubbing anal surface to hard objects resulting broken hairs, bare patches , inflammation of skin over the rump and tail head Dx – signs of anal pruritis , finding of greyish yellow egg mass on perianal skin , faecal examination Rx – broad spectrum anthelmintic; Ivermectin , Fenbendazole Pin worms of Man – Enterobius vermicularis

6. Spiruroidea Spirocerca , Habronema , Thelazia , Gnathostoma Characteristics of this group is the tight spirally coiled tail of male Spirocerca presence of granulomatous lesions (golf ball size) Sectioning of granuloma – numerous pink worms Hosts : Dog and occasionally cat. Intermediate hosts : Coprophagous beetles. Site : The migrating larvae produce characteristic lesions in the wall of the aorta while the adults are found in granulomatous lesions in the wall of the oesophagus and stomach. Species: Spirocerca lupi . Distribution: Tropical and subtropical areas.

7. Life Cycle Egg (faeces) – beetle – L3 ingested by chicken / cat/ dogs – stomach wall – coeliac artery – thoracic aorta – esophagous (3 months ) (granuloma formation) adult Pre patent period 6 months

8. Pathogenesis Scarring of internal wall of aorta, oesophageal granulomas (4 cm ), oesophageal osteosarcoma(highly invasive and produce metastases) ,hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy Diagnosis Eggs in faeces / vomit if there is fistulae in oesophageal granuloma, radiography or endoscopy techniques Treatment Levamisole, albendazole, disophenol Control Dogs should not be fed uncooked viscera of wild birds

9. Habronema Cause of summer sore ( cutaneous habronemosis ) in warm countries Hosts : horses & donkeys Life Cycle

10. Pathogenesis and clinical signs Affect glandular area of stomach Gastritis, granulomatous lesions of cutaneous habronemosis commonly called as ‘Summer Sores’ During fly season – cutaneous lesions Development of reddish brown granuloma on skin Eye involvement – conjunctivitis Diagnosis larvae have spiny knob on their tails Based on finding of non healing reddish cutaneous granuloma Treatment – broad spectrum anthelmintic ; ivermectin, insect repellent , radiation therapy, cryo-surgery Control: House fly population control

11. Thelazia Small white thin worm Principally found in or around the eyes Hosts Cattle; other domestic animals and occasionally man. Intermediate hosts: Muscid flies, particularly Musca, Fannia and Morellia . Site: Ocular region especially the conjunctival sac and lachrymal duct SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTION Thelazia lacrymalis mainly equines in Europe and N. America T. Californiensis dog, cat and occasionally sheep in N. America. Other species which occur worldwide in cattle include T. rhodesi , T. gulosa and T. skrjabini .

12. Life Cycle L1 (lachrymal secretions) – ingested by fly – development from L1 to L3 occurs in Ovarian follicle L3 migrate mouthpart of fly – final host Pre- patent period – 3-11 weeks

13. Pathogenesis Lachrymation , conjunctivitis , corneal cloudy& ulcerated Diagnosis based on observation of parasites in the conjunctival sac Treatment manual removal of all worms under anaesthesia Levamisole, avermectin are used as anthelminthic. Control Control is difficult because of the ubiquitous nature of the fly vectors

14. Gnathostoma Nodules on stomach wall

15. Pathogenesis Ulceration and Necrosis of the stomach wall In cats; fatal gastric perforation and peritonitis presence of fibrous growths on the stomach wall Diagnosis: Greenish,oval eggs in faeces Treatment and Control: Treatment has not been investigated. With ubiquity of the first and second intermediate hosts complete control cannot be achieved, but partial limitation is possible by the thorough cooking of all food.