P3CE model of Public Health and behavioral risk factor.pptx

This presentation is prepared based on New concept of Public health. There is nothing new in the new concept but new way of looking at them. Public health is organized in three main domains as thematic, core action and intervention. P3CE represent the core actions of public health professionals. Thematic domain of public health represent the subject areas where public health professionals work on whereas intervention domain is related to the strategies that public health professionals follows to conduct core actions.

1. 1

2. Discourse on New Concept of Public Health: An Application of P3CE Model Dr. Binita K. Paudel Associate Professor (Public Health) Purbanchal University 2

3. We highly acknowledged Prof. Dr. Yogendra Prasad Pradhananga for his contribution in public health education in Nepal 3

4. What is new? “WINERS do not do different things; they DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY” Shiv Khera (Writer of YOU CAN WIN) “NOTHING NEW in new concepts, but NEW WAY OF LOOKING AT THEM” Prof. YPP (The first DrPH of Nepal) 4

5. Why New Concept??? Changing scenario of Public Health problems from communicable/ Infectious diseases to Non-communicable diseases/ chronic diseases Changing scenario of determinants of health and disease: Common behavioral risk factors of NCDs Economic burden and high investment in treatment of chronic disease 5

6. Aspiration of People on Health and Disease Live healthy without being ill Quality treatment if got ill Health - WHO Disease . Healthy Population Unhealthy Population Public Health Medicine (Treatment) 6 Ref: Prof. YP Pradhananga

7. Spectrum of Health and Disease 7 Complete Health Optimum Health Better Health (Positive Health) Normal Health (No infirmity and diseases) Undiagnosed State Mild state Severe State Recovery or Long term Care Death

8. Public Health: Definition “Public Health is a science and art of promoting and protecting health of healthy people ; preventing health risk factors, injuries and diseases; controlling epidemics; and encouraging people of disease domain for early detection, treatment and compliance through educational, policy- regulatory, empowerment, infrastructural and managerial interventions to help people achieve optimum level of physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being (Health)” (Prof. Dr. Yogendra Prasad Pradhananga ) 8

9. Three Domains of Public Health Thematic Domain (which area?) 2. Core actions Domain (what?) 3. Intervention Domain (How?) 9 Ref: Prof. YP Pradhananga

10. Health, Disease and Public Health Domains Health of the healthy people Disease/ Infirmity of unhealthy people Promotion Prevention Protection Control (Isolation) Core actions (P3CE) 5.Encourage- ment for early: Detection Treatment Treatment compliance Control (Containment) 10 Ref: Prof. YP Pradhananga

11. P3CE Model of Public Health P3CE Model of Public Health includes the following Public Health Core Actions: Promoting health of healthy people ( P ) Preventing health risk factors, injuries and diseases ( P ) Protecting health of healthy people ( P ) Controlling epidemics of risk factors, disease ( C ) Encouraging people of disease domain for early detection, treatment and compliance ( E ) 11

12. Fundamental Concept to understand P3CE Believes on WHO definition of health Health and Disease are the two parts of the coin. Not only communicable disease, Risk factors and NCDs can also be epidemic Do you believe that Life style are also communicable? Life style can also be epidemic. Isolation can also be applicable to healthy population. Population can be categorized as healthy and unhealthy Public health primarily focuses on health of the healthy people (people on Health Domain) 12

13. Fundamental Concept to understand P3CE Healthy population can also be categorized as healthy no any risk , healthy but susceptible to exposed to risk and healthy but already exposed to risk. The example on different categories of healthy people which is very important to understand and apply P3CE, is given in next slides. The following example is from the perspective of children 13

14. Types of Healthy population: Healthy, No any risk No one smoke and use alcohol in the family (photo credit google search) 14

15. Actions really do speak louder than words Children are twice as likely to trying smoking and four times as likely to be a regular smoker IF THEIR PARENTS ARE SMOKER (photo credit google search) Types of Healthy population: Susceptible to Risk factor 15

16. Types of Healthy population: Exposed with Risk factor Early Initiation of alcohol and tobacco is linked to   S uicidal ideation Nicotine dependency Problematic use of Alcohol And Many more problem (photo credit google search) 16

17. Let’s celebrate the success !!! Hurry “I got Job” Family get together Unhealthy lifestyle spread as an epidemic (photo credit google search) 17

18. Unhealthy lifestyle spread as an epidemic I want to be free from problems, I want to forget everything …….. I am broken……My GF has left me I am fired from work My parents do not believe me Nobody loves me ……. I Failed the exam……. I am in stress…………. I want to drink I Passed the exam, Wow, I am vey happy, lets drink and celebrate Way of coping stress and crisis (photo credit google search) 18

19. Finally …………………???? Chain smoker Drug addiction (photo credit google search) 19

20. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Promoting Action Promoting Action: All the activities directed towards promoting for No Tobacco and No Alcohol among those who never use tobacco and alcohol. For example searching and rewarding the individual or family for not using alcohol and tobacco. In recent study, conducted by MPH students, found that out of 37 families, only two families do not use alcohol. If we reward them, this action promote for no alcohol use. This study was conducted among one of the ethnic group in Nepal. 20

21. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Preventing Action Preventing Action: All the activities directed towards prevention from initiating the alcohol/tobacco use among very young children who are susceptible to initiate it. Such as children whose parents are smoker, children whose peer group are smoker. Preventing Action focuses on addressing the risk factors of smoking such as parental smoking, Peer smoking and other risk factors by adopting different interventional strategies. 21

22. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Protecting Action Protecting Action: All the activities directed towards protecting the health by increasing host defense or by creating the barriers against Tobacco/ alcohol use. For example, organize life skill training to young children on “how to say NO” to tobacco/alcohol and any other unhealthy habit. Such training develop host defense even they exposed to the scenario. Protecting action can also be done by creating barriers to access tobacco/alcohol product by the young children such as use of social laws and norms and regulation like children are not allowed to buy alcohol and tobacco 22

23. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Controlling Action Controlling Action: I ncase the preventing and protecting action did not work effectively and some children initiate alcohol and tobacco, controlling action is applicable. All the activities directed towards controlling to spread to others are controlling action or containment of the risk factors. This action include Isolate those who do not drink ( Sangat chhutaune ), quarantine those who drink, arranging smoking zone etc. 23

24. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Encouraging Action Encouraging for early identification and prompt handling before becoming habitual or dependence. If already habitual/dependence, encourage for early rehabilitation and support for remain smoke/ alcohol free. Community support to the family and individual for compliance 24

25. Interventional strategy for application of P3CE Health Education Health Promotion Community organocation and mobilization Infrastructural intervention Policy regulatory Managerial Intervention 25

26. Application of P3CE in Risk Factors (Alcohol/tobacco): Summary Promoting Action: Promote for No Tobacco and No Alcohol Preventing Action: Address the risk factors of smoking such as parental smoking, Peer smoking and other risk factors ……. Protecting Action: Protection by empowering host defense and by creating the barriers using social laws and norms and regulation like children can not buy alcohol and tobacco Controlling Action: controlling to spread to others, Isolate those who do not drink (Sangat chhutaune ), quarantine those who drink Encouraging Action: for early identification, prompt rehabilitation and support for compliance 26

27. Take Home Message P3CE model can be applied in our own personal situation. Lets start to act from self. Promote our health Identify Risk factors and Prevent them Protect our health by empowering ourself on how to say NO to unhealthy practice. Isolate self from being exposed to unhealthy lifestyle Diagnose early if your have any unhealthy habit or disease and address them promptly. 27

28. “Promotion of health is better than prevention of risk factor and diseases” Thank you for your kind attention !! 28