Package Practice of Cherry

Origin, Distribution, Soil, Land preparation, Variety, Insect, Pest, Disease Management, Harvesting, Yield

1. PACKAGE PRACTICE OF CHERRY

2. Submitted By Sarafat Hossain PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT CROPS

3. CHERRY Cherries are on of the most important deciduous fruit trees as well as ornamental crop worldwide. Chromosome no:(2n=16)

4. GENERAL INFORMATION Botanically,the Cherry is a Drupe or Stone fruit. It packed with healthy nutrients and excillent antioxidants. India Ranks 26 worldwide for Cherry production. Due to higher return,it’s cultivation is gaining popularity day by day in temperate regions of the country.

5. Growing Region: Basically Cherries are native to Europe & Asia regions.Cherries are cultivated allover the world & the top 3 producers of cherry are Turkey, U.S.A & Iran. India occupies 26 according to its production. In India-Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarpradesh are famous for Cherry production.

6. Propagation Method : Propagation of Cherry is done through Seeds or by Root cuttings. Cherry tree are propagated mainly through grafting method. Propagation through seed,Root cuttings & Grafting

7. Climate,Soil & Ranfall requirement of Cherry: Climate : Cherry grows in cold region.1200-1500 hrs of chilling period is required.It grows successfully at the height of 2500 mtrs or above the sea level. Rainfall :An annual rainfall of 100-125 cm is required for better growth.Spring frost should be avoided as the cherry blossom is sensitive to frost. Soil :Deep sandy soil with pH range 6.0-7.5.A well drained fertile soil with moisture holding capacity is better for cherry cultivation. Make sure about internal well drainage of soil & Heavy soil should be avoided. Cold Climatic Deep Sandy Soil Annual Rainfall : 100-125 cm. pH range of soil : 6.0-7.5

8. Land preperation & planting: In India,planting time for Cherry is December to January. Contour system is popular in Hilly region & Square system is practiced in Valley region. Spacing of plant depends on rootstock.However a spacing of 6x6 mtr is preferred for plants raised in seedlings. Pit size of 1x1x1m is dug and filled them with 45 kg FYM & 500 gm of Phosphate 28 days before planting.

9. MAJOR TYPES /VARIETIES OF CHERRY: Heart Group & Bigarreau Group There are more than 100 varieties of sweet Cherries that are divided into Bigarreau and Heart groups. Bigarreau Group : under this group,cherries are round in shape and generally the colour varries from dark to light red. The promising hybrid varieties in this group are lapins,summit,sue,ssam,sunbrust & stella . Heart Group : Under this group,cherry fruits are in heart shape with tender flesh.Fruit colour varried from darkish red to light coloured reddish.

10. USES OF CHERRY The sweet cherry fruit is used as food and medicine. It is used to prevent cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It is also used to treat osteoarthritis, diabetes, high cholesterol, and gout. In foods, sweet cherry is eaten as a food or used as flavoring. How does it work? Sweet cherry contains vitamin C and other chemicals that might act as antioxidants.

11. HEALTH BENEFITS OF CHERRY AT A GLANCE

12. Irrigation of Cherry fruit: In India, Cherry is grown under rainfed condition. It requires sufficient amount of water specially at the time of fruit development. In developing stage,it need to be irrigated at weekly interval for better fruit quality and size. Irrigation should be done at hot weather condition9(Apr-May). Drip irrigation is appropriate for water management practice.

13. Manures & Fertilizers : Cherry Plants require good organic and In-organic fertilizer for quality fruit set. FYM,Calcium amonium Nitrate,Super Phosphate & MOP are effective for cherry. The result of applying cherry tree fertilizer heavy in nitrogen is more foliage growth. The amount of fertilizer to apply depends on the age of tree. Apply 1/10 pound of nitrogen for every year of tree age, up to a maximum of one pound. (All the amount are shown on table are gram unit) Year FYM C.A.N Sup Ph. MOP 1 10 200 160 100 2 15 400 320 200 3 20 600 480 300 4 25 800 640 400

14. Cherry Tree Diseases, Pests There are several damaging diseases and pests that affect these trees. Some of the most common are: Disease Symptoms Brown Rot This fungus infects blossoms, fruit and small branches. cankers, fruit rot and blight.  Powdery, brown gray tufts can be seen on the twigs . Powdery Mildew Fungal disease that attacks twigs and leaves white atches,premature dropping of leaves Cherry Leaf Spot   Fungus that primarily affects leaves but can also attack twigs and stems dark colored spots on the leaves, leaf yellowing, premature dropping of leaves,white spots on leaves in wet weather Black Cherry Aphid These tiny soft bodied, black insects eat the leaves of the tree causing them to become twisted, stunted and curled black fungus to grow.

15. Brown Rot ,Powdery Mildew,Cherry Leaf Spot,Black Cherry Aphid

16. Weed controls in Cherry tree: Basin should be kept clean by Hand or Chemical weeding. Diuron 4kg/ha can be applied as pre-emergence controller & Paraquat 0.05% can be applied to control the post emergence growth of weeds.It may need multiple application to control the weed growth for 5-6 months. Mulching also effectively controls the weed growth.

17. Harvesting of Cherry When the fruit is ready, it will be firm and fully colored. Sour cherries will come off the stem when they are ripe enough to be harvested, while sweet cherries should be tasted for maturity. Cherries will not ripen once removed from the tree. Harvest as quickly as possible if rain is imminent, as rain will cause the cherries to split. Harvest cherries with the stem attached if you are not planning on using them right away.

18. Yield The yield amount is variable.It depends on RootStock,Plant breed & climate-soil etc. Approximately we can get average of 20kg/tree. Storage: Cherries can be stored at cool temperatures (32-35 degrees F. or 0-2 degrees C.) for 10 days. Place them in perforated plastic bags in the refrigerator.

19. ACHIEVEMENT & PROSPECT For the future ,one of the greatest challenges will be to breed for resistance to cherry leaf spot, Brown rot & tolerance to other disease and insects must remain a high priority.

20. Thank you