Paddy cum- fish culture

Technology

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi EXT-411 Rural Agriculture Work Experience (RAWE) Submitted to : Prof. O.P. Mishra Dr. B. Jirli Submitted By : Vishram Meena ID.No . : 14175

2. Doubling of Farmers Income through Paddy -cum- Fish Culture

3. Paddy-Fish- culture Technology Introduction: Integrated fish farming is a technique of fish culture with other organisms (animal/s or plant/s). Major objective of this technique is to get maximum output through involving minimum input supply in minimum time duration. Rice-Fish farming is the culture of rice-fish in a same piece of land. More production can be achieved in Rice-Fish -culture . ie.comparison to the rice culture alone.

4. History of Rice-Fish culture is quite old and first started in ancient China about 2000 years ago. In course of time, this practice became introduced in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, India and many other countries of the world. Lately, Azolla is cultured with Rice-Fish in China. History and Development of Rice-Fish culture

5. Site selection : Water holding capacity of the selected plot’s soil must be good enough so that soil can hold water easily. Loamy or Clay-loamy soils are suitable for Rice-Fish culture Selected plot should be low land and would contain water naturally for 7-10 months but must be secure from flood.

6. Culture technique: Fish culture with rice can be practiced in two ways- 1- Culture of Rice-Fish together/Concurrent system:   Generally practiced during Aman season in moderate to low paddy fields where water logging exists for 4-5 months naturally. Minor carp and Thai carb are highly suitable for this practice but Tilapia or giant freshwater prawn can also be stocked with rice.

7. 2- Fish culture after harvesting rice/alternative system:   In this technique, fish are stocked in the paddy field after harvesting rice from the land. 6-7 months rearing of fish is possible by this way until rice plantation in the next season. Carp and barb species are suitable for stocking but grass carp can also be stocked. In case of grass carp stocking, precaution must be taken so that this fish can not eat young paddy. Continue…

8. Environmental requirements of fish and rice. PARAMETER RICE FISH 1. Depth of Water 3cm to 5cm (normal condition) 0.4-1.5 m for nursery and 0.8-3.0 m for grow-out 2. Temperature Water and soil temperature of up 40°C and fluctuations of up to 10°C 25°-35°C for warmwater species. 3. pH of water Neutral to alkaline. 6.5-9.0 4. Culture Period 90-120 days for HYV; up to 160 days for traditional varieties. 120-240 days depending upon species and market requirement.

9. Design and construction of rice cum fish culture. 1– Peripheral trench 2 – Diagonal trench 3 – Crossed trenches 4 – Y-shaped trench 5 – Peripheral with one central longitudinal trench 6 -Peripheral with two equidistant transverse trenches 7 – Latticed trenches.

10. Continue......

11. Rice varieties suitable for Rice cum Fish culture: Panidhan Tulsi Rajarajan Jalmagan Culturable species of fish in rice fields Species such as  Labeo rohita , Catla catla , Oreochromis mossambicus , Anabas testudineus , Clarias batrachus , Clarias macrocephalus , Channa striatus , Channa punctatus , Channa marulius , Heteropneustes fossilis , Chanos chanos .

12. Advantages of paddy cum fish culture: Economical utilization of land Little extra labour is required Saving on labour cost towards weeding and supplemental feeding Enhanced rice yield by 5 -15 %, which is due to the indirect organic fertilization through the fish excreta Production of fish from paddy field Additional income Insect pests of rice like stem borers are controlled by fish feeding on them mainly by murrels and catfishes.

13. Disadvantages: Maintaining suitable water level for fish culture. Theft of fish. Predators such as snake , kite may eat fish. Restricted pesticide use in control of pests.

14. Economic analysis of paddy :- S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.) 01. SEED BED PREPARATION Ploughing by tractor 1 1500/ ploughing 1500 Irrigation 4hr 90/hr 360 DAP 10kg 28/kg 280 Seed Requirement 24kg 90/kg 2160 l abour 1 250/day 250 02. FIELD PREPARATION Ploughing by tractor 4 1500/ ploughing 6000 Irrigation (Flooding) 32hr 90/hr 2880

15. S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.) DAP 80kg 28/kg 2240 03. TRANSPLANTING labour 30 250/day 7500 04. WEEDING labour 10 250/day 2500 05. ONGOING OPERATION Irrigation 24hr 90/hr 2160 Urea 160kg 8/kg 1280 MOP 40kg 20/kg 800 Continue….

16. S.NO. Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Value(Rs.) 07. HARVESTING (a) Reaping Labour 20 250/day 5000 (b) Threshing Labour 20 250/day 5000 08. PRODUCTION Main product (Paddy) 55quintal 14.70/kg 80850 By product (Straw) 40quintal 2/kg 8000 Continue…

17. Total costs = 39910 Total Return = Main product + Byproduct = Rs. 808 50 + 8000 = Rs. 88850 Net Return = Total Return – Total costs = Rs. 88850 – 39910 = Rs. 48940

18. Economic analysis of paddy cum fish culture: No. of fish per hactare = 7500 Mortality rate = 10% Rate of fish = Rs . 3/fish Total cost of fish - 7500x3 = Rs . 22500 Pond preperation cost = Rs . 10000 Feed cost = Rs . 20000 Management charge = Rs . 5000/ labour /month (2 labour required for 4 months) Total cost = 22500+10000+20000+40000 = Rs . 92500 Remaining fish = 6750 Average weight of 1 fish = 250gm Total production of fish (in kg ) = 1687 kg

19. Rate of fish = Rs . 100 per kg Total income = 1687x100 = Rs . 168700 Net return = Total return – Total cost = 168700 - 92500 = Rs . 76200 Total income in Paddy cum fish culture = net return (paddy + fish ) = 48940 + 76200 = Rs . 125140

20. Conclusion The paddy cum fish culture is an innovative farming system in which , Rice is the main enterprise and fish fingerlings are taken as additional means to secure extra income . Rice cum fish culture is not only reducing income poverty of the farmers but also improves the yield of paddy, create employment opportunities.