Paddy transplanter

1. MANUAL PADDY TRANSPLANTER A transplanter is an agricultural machine used for transplanting seedlings to the field. This is very important as it reduces the time taken to transplant seedlings (when compared to manual transplanting), thus allowing more time for harvesting. Hence, Paddy Transplanter is one type of transplanter which plants paddy seedlings to the field.

2. INTRODUCTION Paddy is the rice grain with husk . It is a wetland crop, which extensively grows all over the world. Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high rainfall. In 20 th century, transplanter was invented to plant the seedling into the land which reduced the human efforts and consumed less time.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. MANUAL METHOD In early days, People used to plant the seedlings by their hands. They used the ropes to plant the seedlings.

5. TRANSPLANTER DURING 1960 The first machine to transplant paddy seedlings was introduced in 1960 . The machine consists of a seedling tray, forks, handle and skids

6. EXISTING TRANSPLANTER This system was the one which revolutionized and bought about a quicker and efficient system to plant the paddy seedlings. It was invented in Japan during 1980 .

7. PROBLEM DEFINITION The existing paddy transplanter involves the complex mechanism it creates problem like Frequent replacements of links, Farmer cannot repair by their own, Pulling force required is more. Costs about Rs. 18000

8. PROPOSED METHOD

9. DESIGNED VIEW

10. WORKING PRINCIPLE P addy seedlings are kept in the tray and allowed to flow down under gravity. The fork which is attached to shaft picks up the seedlings from the tray and keeps it in horizontal position on the skid. The motion for the shaft is given by hand using chain and sprocket arrangement . Here, Simple four bar mechanism is used to plant paddy seedlings into the land.

11. COMPONENTS DESIGN

12. FOUR BAR LINKAGE

13. The four bars in link are as follows Crank - can rotate a full 360 degrees Lever - can rotate through a limited range of angles Connecting rod – connects the crank and lever Fixed frame – fixed part in linkage .

14. DIMENSIONS OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE Length of crank = 3.5 cm Length of lever = 6 cm Length of connecting rod = 10 cm Length of fixed frame = 8 cm GRASHOF CONDITION S+L ≤ P+Q 3.5 + 10 ≤ 6+8 13.5 ≤ 14 Hence Grashof condition is satisfied .  

15. CHAINS The chains are used to transmit the power from hand driving wheel to the shaft in which forks are attached and it is also to transmit the power to the four bar mechanism.

16. Calculation of Chain Length Length of chain L = L p x P d Where Lp is the Length of continuous chain in multiples of pitches (i.e. approximate no. of links) P d = Pitch diameter Now to find Pitch diameter P d , a = (30-50) P d Where a is the center distance and assumed it as 110cm 110 = 50P d P d = 2.2 cm

17. Now to find length L p , L p = 2a p + (Z 1 +Z 2 )/2 + (((Z 1 -Z 2 )/(2X3.14)) 2 / a p ) Where a p is the approx. center distance in multiples of pitches a p = a/P = 110/2.2 = 50cm L p = 2(50) + (58/2) + ((22/(2x3.14)) 2 /50) = 100 + 29 + 0.25 L p = 129.25 cm  

18. Length of chain, L = L p x P d = 129.25 x 2.2 L = 284cm Length of first chain = 284cm Length of second chain = 85 cm

19. SPROCKETS We use Sprockets for hand driving wheel and in the shaft for rotating the fork and four bar mechanism. Calculation of Speed of Rotation Z 1 =No. of teeth on sprocket pinion Z 2 =No. of teeth on sprocket wheel N 1 =Speed of rotation of pinion N 2 =Speed of rotation of wheel

20. Speed of wheel driven by hand N 2 =25 rpm (optimum value) No. of teeth in sprocket wheel Z 2 =40 No. of teeth in sprocket pinion Z 1 =18 Transmission Ratio ‘i‘ N 1 /N 2 = Z 2 /Z 1 Z 2 /Z 1 = 40/18 = 2.2 Therefore, N 1 = 2.2 x 25 Speed of rotation of pinion = 55rpm.

21. TRAY Tray is used to keep the paddy seedlings on the transplanter . Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces . DIMENSIONS OF TRAY Length of sheet metal = 53.5cm Breadth of sheet metal = 26 cm Thickness of sheet metal = 0.1cm

22. SHAFT Shaft is a revolving rod that transmits motion or power Here, the one shaft contains forks and another shaft contains four bar linkage and power is taken from the hand driven wheel by chains and sprockets. SHAFT DIMENSIONS: Length of the shaft = 30 cm (it is space required between the paddy seedlings) Diameter of shaft = 2 cm (it is the optimum diameter for 30cm shaft)

23. FORK Fork is used to pick up the paddy seedling from tray and to keep it on skid. There are two forks attached to shaft and distance in between two fork is 30cm. The motion to fork is giving by shaft. Total length of fork is 28cm

24. FABRICATON PROCESS

25. FABRICATION OF FOUR BAR LINKAGE

26. FABRICATION OF FORK

27. FABRICATION OF TRAY

28. FABRICATION MODEL

29. EXISTING MODEL VS PROPOSED MODEL DESCRIPTION EXISTING MODEL PROPOSED MODEL WEIGHT 25 17 AMOUNT (Rs.) 18000 7000

30. ADVANTAGES Reduces the human effort to a maximum extent. Simple design compared to the existing model. Easy to repair by Farmers itself and maintenance is less. Pulling force is greatly reduced by decreasing the weight of the model . Cost will be reduced from Rs.18000 to Rs.7000

31. LIMITATIONS Transplanter can be operated continuously only for 4-5 hours. Healthy persons can only be able to pull the transplanter.

32. IN FUTURE This project in the future can come across many changes like an automatic or semi-automatic system with motor which runs at constant speed attached to shaft instead of giving power by hand.  

33. BILL OF MATERIAL Sl. No. Components Number of units Cost (in Rs) Material used 1. Plumber block 2 250 Cast iron 2. Chain 2 550 Cast iron 3. Sprockets 6 650 Mild steel 4. Sheet metal - 500 Aluminum 5. Shaft 2 250 Mild steel 6. Four bar linkage 1 300 Mild steel 7. Skid - 450 Mild steel 8. Handle 1 150 Mild steel 9. Bolts and nuts 10 050 Mild steel 10. Fabrication - 1400 - Total cost 4550  

34. REFERENCES Arafa , G.K Ebaid U.T. and El- Gendy H.A. , “ Development of local machine for transplanting”, Journal of Process Engineering Vol.26,pp.343-358, 2009. Baqui A. and Latin R M ,”Human energy expenditure in manually operated rice transplanter ”, Journal of Africa and Latin America Vol. 19(1):pp. 27-34, 2004. Prabhu T.J “Design of Transmission Element”,pp.5.1-5.22, 2011. Goel A C. and Verma K S . , “Comparative study of directly seeding and transplanted rice”, Journal of Indian J. Agril . Research Vol. 34(3):pp 194-196, 2000.

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