Palatine bone

1. Palatine bonePalatine bone
**Palatine bone is situated at the back part of **Palatine bone is situated at the back part of
the the nasal cavitynasal cavity between the between the maxillamaxilla and the and the
pterygoid process of the pterygoid process of the sphenoidsphenoid..
**Palatine bone contributes to the walls of three **Palatine bone contributes to the walls of three
cavities:- 1] cavities:- 1] The floor and lateral wall of the The floor and lateral wall of the
nasal cavitynasal cavity; 2] ; 2] The roof of the mouthThe roof of the mouth, and , and
3] 3] The floor of the orbitThe floor of the orbit..
**Palatine bone enters into the formation of two **Palatine bone enters into the formation of two
fossæ, the fossæ, the pterygopalatinepterygopalatine and and pterygoidpterygoid fossæ fossæ; ;
and one fissure, the and one fissure, the inferior orbital fissureinferior orbital fissure..

2. 
The palatine bone somewhat resembles The palatine bone somewhat resembles
the letter L, and consists of a the letter L, and consists of a
Horizontal plate of palatine boneHorizontal plate of palatine bone and a and a
Perpendicular plate of palatine bonePerpendicular plate of palatine bone and and
three outstanding processes—viz., the three outstanding processes—viz., the
Pyramidal process of palatine bonePyramidal process of palatine bone, which , which
is directed backward and lateralward from is directed backward and lateralward from
the junction of the two parts, and the the junction of the two parts, and the
Orbital process of palatine boneOrbital process of palatine bone and and
Sphenoidal process of palatine bone, Sphenoidal process of palatine bone,
which surmount the vertical part, and are which surmount the vertical part, and are
separated by a deep notch, the separated by a deep notch, the
sphenopalatine notchsphenopalatine notch..

3. 
The human palatine articulates with six bones: The human palatine articulates with six bones:
the the sphenoidsphenoid, , ethmoidethmoid,, maxilla, inferior nasal maxilla, inferior nasal
concha, vomer and concha, vomer and opposite palatine boneopposite palatine bone..
Superiorly
rotated
cut surface of
maxilla
Palatine bone Bilateral palatine bones

4. Horizontal process of
palatine bone with its
rough oral surface
Bilateral palatine bones viewed from posterior aspect
Pyramidal process
A large
Posterior
Orbital
process
A small anterior
Orbital process
Conchal
Crest for
Inferior
concha

6. BONY ORBIT RIGHT SIDE

8. Frontal bone forming upper portion of bony orbit
Maxilla & infraorbital foramen
Zygoma bone
Zygomatic arch
Temporal
bone
Parietal bone
Greater wing
Of sphenoid
bone
Optic foramen
in lesser wing
of sphenoid
bone
Orbital plate of
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Orbital portion of
Palatine bone
( small white)
Nasal bone

9. Palatal view of maxillary bone
Here the horizontal process of palatine bone is attached

10. Posterior portion of palate formed by horizontal plate
of palatine bone
Greater palatine foramen formed by notches in posterolat-
-eral area of palatal process of maxilla & corresponding
area of horizontal Plate of palatine bone
Lesser
Palatine
Foramen in
pyramidal
Process of
Palatine
bone

Concave
Posterior
Border of
Horizontal
Plate of
Palatine
bone

11. Palatine bone supplements the maxilla & Palatine bone supplements the maxilla &
furnishes the link between the maxilla & furnishes the link between the maxilla &
the sphenoid bone. It consists of a 1] the sphenoid bone. It consists of a 1]
horizontal platehorizontal plate & a 2] & a 2] vertical platevertical plate joined joined
at right angle.at right angle.
1] The horizontal plate, with its smooth 1] The horizontal plate, with its smooth
sup--erior or nasal surface & its rough sup--erior or nasal surface & its rough
inferior or oral surface, forms the inferior or oral surface, forms the
posterior part of the hard palate. Its posterior part of the hard palate. Its
anterior beveled border overlaps the anterior beveled border overlaps the
palatine process of the maxilla in the palatine process of the maxilla in the
transverse palatine suture. The medial transverse palatine suture. The medial
border connects with the palatine bone of border connects with the palatine bone of
the other side in the median or the other side in the median or
interpalatine suture, which is a interpalatine suture, which is a

12. continuation of the intermaxillary suture. continuation of the intermaxillary suture.
At its nasal surface theAt its nasal surface the medial border is medial border is
elevated to a sharp crest that continues elevated to a sharp crest that continues
with that of the other side, the nasal crest with that of the other side, the nasal crest
of the maxillary bones. The posterior of the maxillary bones. The posterior
border of the horizontal palate is concave border of the horizontal palate is concave
& terminates in a sharp spine that forms, & terminates in a sharp spine that forms,
in conjunction with that of the in conjunction with that of the
contralateral bone, contralateral bone, the posterior nasal the posterior nasal
spinespine. In front of the posterior border, the . In front of the posterior border, the
oral surface of the horizontal plate is often oral surface of the horizontal plate is often
elevated as a sharp transverse ridge – elevated as a sharp transverse ridge – the the
palatine crestpalatine crest. The lateral border between . The lateral border between
hoizontal & vertical plates, is connected hoizontal & vertical plates, is connected
with the medial surface of the maxilla atwith the medial surface of the maxilla at

13. the level between body & alveolar process. the level between body & alveolar process.
This border is cut near its anterior end by This border is cut near its anterior end by
a notch that completes a similar notch in a notch that completes a similar notch in
the maxilla to form the the maxilla to form the major palatine major palatine
foramen ( Greater palatine foramen)foramen ( Greater palatine foramen)..
2] The vertical plate of palatine bone is 2] The vertical plate of palatine bone is
almost twice as high as it is wide. Its upper almost twice as high as it is wide. Its upper
border is divided by the deep border is divided by the deep
sphenopalat--ine notchsphenopalat--ine notch into two into two
processes, a large anterior processes, a large anterior orbital processorbital process
& a small posterior & a small posterior sphenoid processsphenoid process. The . The
greater part of the vertical lamella is in greater part of the vertical lamella is in
contact with the inner surface of the contact with the inner surface of the
maxillary body posterior to the opening of maxillary body posterior to the opening of
the maxillary sinus. A tongue likethe maxillary sinus. A tongue like
maxillarymaxillary

14. process of the vertical lamella, arising in process of the vertical lamella, arising in
the inferior part of the anterior border, the inferior part of the anterior border,
closes the posteroinferior part of the closes the posteroinferior part of the
maxillary hiatus, thus narrowing it maxillary hiatus, thus narrowing it
considerably. On the outer surface of the considerably. On the outer surface of the
vertical plate a sulcus begins below the vertical plate a sulcus begins below the
sphenopalatine notch & ends at the notch sphenopalatine notch & ends at the notch
of the major palatine foramen. This of the major palatine foramen. This
sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, fits to sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, fits to
the pterygopalatine groove of the maxilla the pterygopalatine groove of the maxilla
& thus completes the wall of the & thus completes the wall of the
pterygopalatine canalpterygopalatine canal. Above this sulcus & . Above this sulcus &
around the palatine notch the lateral around the palatine notch the lateral
surface of the vertical plate of the palatine surface of the vertical plate of the palatine
bone is smooth & forms the inner wall bone is smooth & forms the inner wall

15. of the pterygopalatine fossa. The sphenoid of the pterygopalatine fossa. The sphenoid
process behind the sphenopalatine notch process behind the sphenopalatine notch
joins the sphenoid body. The joins the sphenoid body. The orbital orbital
processprocess fits on to the posterosuperior fits on to the posterosuperior
corner of the maxillary body. It completes corner of the maxillary body. It completes
the orbital surface of the maxilla on its the orbital surface of the maxilla on its
posterior corner. The orbital process is posterior corner. The orbital process is
often hollowed out by shallow fovae that often hollowed out by shallow fovae that
closes a posteroinferior ethmoid cell. closes a posteroinferior ethmoid cell.
behind this fovae the orbital process is behind this fovae the orbital process is
connected to the anterior surface of the connected to the anterior surface of the
sphenoid body. Since both the orbital & sphenoid body. Since both the orbital &
sphenoid processes joined to the sphenoid sphenoid processes joined to the sphenoid

16. bone above, the notch between these bone above, the notch between these
processes is closed by the body of processes is closed by the body of
Sphenoid to form the Sphenoid to form the sphenopalatine sphenopalatine
foramen – a communication between foramen – a communication between
pterygopalatine fossa & nasal cavity.pterygopalatine fossa & nasal cavity.
The medial or nasal surface of the vertical The medial or nasal surface of the vertical
plate is generally smooth. At the border plate is generally smooth. At the border
between the inferior third & middle third between the inferior third & middle third
it is traversed by a sharp horizontal ridge, it is traversed by a sharp horizontal ridge,
the the conchal crestconchal crest, which serves as the , which serves as the
attachment of the attachment of the inferior conchainferior concha. .
Near its base the orbital process is crossed Near its base the orbital process is crossed
by another horizontal rough line- theby another horizontal rough line- the

17. ethmoid crestethmoid crest, to which the posterior end , to which the posterior end
of the of the middle nasal concha of the ethmoid middle nasal concha of the ethmoid
bonebone is joined. is joined. From the junction of the From the junction of the
vertical & horizontal plates at the vertical & horizontal plates at the
postero--lateral corner of the palatine postero--lateral corner of the palatine
bone, the short, stout bone, the short, stout pyramidal processpyramidal process
arises. It serves as a firm anchorage of the arises. It serves as a firm anchorage of the
maxillo--palatine complex to the lower maxillo--palatine complex to the lower
end of the end of the pterygoid process of the pterygoid process of the
sphenoid bonesphenoid bone. The pyramidal process . The pyramidal process
fills the pterygoid notch between the fills the pterygoid notch between the
medial & lateral pterygoid plates, which medial & lateral pterygoid plates, which
themselves fits into grooves at the themselves fits into grooves at the
posterior surface of posterior surface of

18. the pyramidal process. The lower surface the pyramidal process. The lower surface
of the pyramidal process continues the of the pyramidal process continues the
oral surface of the horizontal palatine oral surface of the horizontal palatine
plate at the posterolateral corner just plate at the posterolateral corner just
behind the greater palatine foramen. behind the greater palatine foramen.
Medially & behind this foramen the Medially & behind this foramen the
process carries a variably developed sharp process carries a variably developed sharp
crest. Behind the greater palatine foramen crest. Behind the greater palatine foramen
are one or two or sometimes three, smaller are one or two or sometimes three, smaller
openings (openings (the lesser palatine foraminathe lesser palatine foramina), at ), at
which the narrow canals open that branch which the narrow canals open that branch
from the pterygopalatine canal & perforate from the pterygopalatine canal & perforate
the pyramidal process.the pyramidal process.
====================================================================