PALMAE(ARECACEAE).pptx

Family characters of Arecaceae

1. PALMAE(ARECACEAE)

2. COMMON MEMBERS phoenix dactylifera cocos nucifera

3. Elaeis oleifera ,

4. distribution Arecaceae Have Distributions Mostly In Warm, Tropical Regions And Are Often Ecologically Important Where They Occur

5. habit Arecaceae consist of perennial trees, large rhizomatous herbs, or lianas stem is usually arborescent , consisting of a single, unbranched trunk [dichotomously branched in Hyphaene ], or a stout, dichotomously branched rhizome ( Nypa ), or an elongate liana with long internodes (rattan palms ) leaves are typically quite large, generally terminal ( acrocaulis ), spiral [rarely distichous or tristichous ], with a sheathing base and an elongate, stout petiole (sometimes referred to as pseduopetiole ) between the sheath apex and blade. inflorescence is typically an axillary, bracteate panicle or spike of solitary flowers or of cyme units

6. flowers are unisexual or bisexual, actinomorphic, sessile, and hypogynous . perianth is usually biseriate and mono chlamydeous , 3+3 [0, 2+2, or ∞], apotepalous . stamens are 3+3 [3 or ∞], distinct or connate, epitepalous in some spp., staminodes present in some spp . Anthers are longitudinal, rarely poricidal , in dehiscence. gynoecium is syncarpous or apocarpous , with a superior ovary, usually 3 [1, 2, 4 ∞] carpels , and 3 or 1 [∞] locules . style s , if present, are distinct or connate; stigmas are sessile or at tip of styles . Placentation is variable; ovules are variable in type, bitegmic , and 1 per locule . Septal nectaries are present in some taxa. fruit is fleshy or fibrous, usually a drupe, rarely dehiscent, some with outer scales ( Calamoideae ), hairs, prickles, or other processes . Seeds are usually 1 per fruit and have an oil or hemicellulose rich , sometimes ruminate, endosperm; starch is absent.

7. Economic importance Palms are of great economic imporance , including uses as fruits (e.g., Cocos nucifera , coconut palm, Phoenix dactylifera , date palm), furniture/canes (rattan palms ), fibers (e.g., coir from the mesocarp of Cocos nucifera ), oils (e.g., Elaeis oleifera , oil palm), starch (e.g., Metroxylon spp., sago palms), waxes (e.g., Copernicia cerifera , wax palm), and many species used indigenously as timber or in building construction; fruits of Areca catechu, betel palm, are chewed in India (with Piper betle leaves and lime) as a stimulant