PAP smear.pptx

microbiology

1. PAP SMEAR TEST

2. CONTENT: Introduction Purposes When to do this? Equipment's Preparation Procedure Interpretation Health education

3. INTRODUCTION A PAP smear(also called as Pap test) is a screening test for cervical cancer. It tests for the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix. During a Pap smear, a healthcare provider collects a sample of cells from the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

4. PURPOSES: To detect early cancer of the cervix. To determine estrogen activity related to menopause or endocrine abnormalities.

5. WHEN TO DO PAP SMEAR? All women have initial pap smear test no later than 21 years old. 3 years after onset of sexual intercourse. After initial test, have annually or biannually  After age 30, because screened for 2-3 years unless has high factor developing cervical smear.

6. NEEDED EQUIPMENTS: Vulva swabbing set Vaginal speculum Mask Torch light Perineal drapes

7. CONTD…. Sterile glove Cytobrush KY jelly Swab sticks for HVS Specimen form

8. Vaginal Speculum

9. CYTOBRUSH 

10. Ayer's spatula

11. KY jelly

12. PREPARATION BEFORE: Nurses should advice patient to make an appointment other than during menstruation. Before appointment: Avoid intercourse for 2 days. Refrain from douching for 1 day Cease the use of vaginal medication for at least 48 hours.

13. PRE PROCEDURE Inform and explain the procedure to the patient. Avoid patient to void. Provide privacy. Assistant position lithotomy to her on examination table. Drape patient permit minimal exposure.

14. DURING PROCEDURE Explaining the procedure as needed. Encourage patient to take deep breaths- help the pelvic muscles relax Give support to the patient. Assist Dr. In doing PAP smear. Help to open the set. Help to focus on torch light to perineal area of the patient.

15. Insertion of speculum

16. POST PROCEDURE: Observe any discharge from the vagina Perineal care as needed. Assist patient for dorsal recumbent / lithotomy position or  Documentation send the form to the laboratory.

17. INTERPRETATION OF THE TEST: Normal: negative means there is no identifiable infections. Low-grade changes : frequently due to infection due to HPV, which in some instances can be risk for a cervical cancer. High-grade changes: a very typical cells that results in cancer. Cancer: cancer is an evident and requires immediate attention.

18. HEALTH EDUCATION Tell the patient to inform any excessive bleeding after the procedure (a little bit bleeding is normal) Instruct the patient to follow up at least annually or biannually.(depends on the result).