Paper 1 Content Revision and Application)_Globalisation Themes .pptx

General Paper 1 Content Revision

1. GLOBALISATION REVISION LECTURE

2. globalisation the greater integration of national and local economies into the world economy, through the lowering of barriers to international flows of goods, capital, labour, technology and ideas / ɡləʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən /

3. Globalisation is not a new phenomenon.

4. Spread of Greek culture through conquests by Alexander the Great in the 1 st half of the 4 th Century B.C. The Silk Road between China & the Mediterranean Sea formally established during the Han Dynasty promoted exchange of ideas and trade as well as linked the cultures of China, India, Persia, Arabia, Greek & Rome. The Industrial Revolution in the 19 th century characterised by mechanical mills and factories, as well as the introduction of steam power, expanded global trade. 1 2 3

5. Air travel , expansion of free trade and the dawn of the Information Age with miles of fiber -optic cables connecting continents in the 20th century sped up globalisation. 4

6. Covid 19 Globalisation impact 1)  Economic globalization  involves the flow of goods, services, capital and information through long-distance market transactions. Although the pandemic is global, regions and countries have experienced it differently based on various economic indicators. Merchandise trade contracted for the global economy , but  the rate of decline was more pronounced in advanced economies  than in developing and emerging economies. Not only were trade flows affected, but the the impact of COVID-19 on foreign direct investment (FDI)  was immediate as global FDI flows declined by nearly half in 2020 .

7. Covid 19 Globalisation impact 2)  Social globalization  was also significantly impacted by COVID-19. It pertains to interactions with people abroad including via migration, international phone calls and international remittances paid or received by citizens. Social globalization has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic because many countries have imposed travel restrictions on both residents and foreign travellers . Border closures hinder migration, especially the movement of tourists and international students.  Migrant remittances were also affected , not because of any formal restrictions on remittances, but mainly because of the impact the pandemic had on immigrant employment.

8. Covid 19 Globalisation impact 3) Political globalization involves the ability of countries to engage in international political co-operation and diplomacy, as well as implementing government policy. The initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic affected international co-operation negatively,  in part because of the blame game between the two largest economies in the world, the United States and China . Later, many nations worked together to fight the pandemic.  China, for example, supported  countries like Italy, which became the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Politically, the outbreak of COVID-19 could be used as a building block in the future to reinforce international co-operation and strengthen the pillars of political globalization.

9. Covid 19 Globalisation impact The disease of inequality Ironically, the attacks on globalization were a symptom of an underlying disease — inequality — that have been illuminated by the pandemic. Globalization lacked a trickling down of benefits to those who most needed them. The pandemic taught us that inequalities are the breeding ground for the spreading of literal diseases and the suffering that follows. Reducing vulnerabilities to future epidemics requires tackling those inequalities. But the fight against future crises cannot be limited to domestic developments only, because inequality is global.  Adhering to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals  is therefore a high-return investment project. The push towards deglobalization certainly still exists. But economies are now digitally connected in ways they’ve never been before.

10. Driving Forces of Globalisation 1. 2. 3. Human Interaction Economy Technology advances in information and communications technology and transportation connectivity policies that reduce trade barriers and open up international financial flows and trade movement of people for cultural exchange, migration and international tourism

11. What must we tie concepts of globalisation with? Citizen Activism Global crisis and problems Existing Solutions Security, Pandemic, Environmental issues Decisions made by world leaders

12. GLOBALISATION ESSAY APPLICATION

13. Consider the view that globalisation is a force for good.

14. Consider the view that globalisation is a force for good. Issue : globalisation Contention : is it a force for good? ‘a force for good’ means capable of bringing about positive transformation Treatment of the question: examine both the pros and cons and decide if globalisation can yield positive changes

15. Introduction The assumption that globalisation and its impact is a positive transformation as described – “a force for good” , largely is a criteria based on the context of positive perspectives addressed by world leaders and organisations (perspective/role playing BT) . The privileges of globalisation are often felt by the developed nations and the lucrative advantages they sustained through global alliances. Alternatively, it is an oversimplification of the matter, to suggest the sustained positive transformation of globalisation. While on the surface it is intended for good , the implicit negative ramifications are often masked by marginalisation of certain groups and communities. Furthermore, trends such as terrorism, global pandemics and crisis can bring about negative forces rather than positive ones.

16. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth +VE: Increased International Trade  Example 1: Production of Boeing 737 Dreamliner  Example 2: Bangladeshi textile industry -VE: Exploitation of Workers  Example 1: Rana Plaza collapse  Example 2: Nike Sweatshop Controversy  Example 3: Foxconn Scandal

17. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth +VE: Increased International Trade  Job creation and increased wealth Globalisation creates a new international division of labour high value-added production processes take place in countries with highly skilled labour labour intensive production processes take place in countries where wages are lower

18. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 1: Production of Boeing 787 Dreamliner

19. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 1: Production of Boeing 787 Dreamliner

20. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 2: Bangladesh’s Textile Industry

21. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 2: Bangladesh’s Textile Industry

22. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 2: Bangladesh’s Textile Industry

23. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth -VE: Exploitation of Workers  Economic globalisation has allowed corporations to move factories and jobs to less economically developed countries, a process called outsourcing . Lower wages are paid because of lower standard of living in less developed countries Less than favourable working conditions are common because of less stringent laws governing the protection of environment and labour

24. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 1: Collapse of the Rana Plaza garment complex in Bangladesh in 2013

25. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 1: Collapse of the Rana Plaza garment complex in Bangladesh in 2013

26. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 2: Nike Sweatshop Controversy

27. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 2: Nike Sweatshop Controversy in 1997 Findings from Fair Labor Association Independent External Assessment Report in May 2016 on Nike factories in Vietnam: Workers in many factories were found working during the lunch and dinner break without recording of or compensation for this working time According to worker interviews, the supervisors shout at workers who use the restroom for longer than 5 minutes Temperature in six of the seven factories inspected exceeded the maximum allowed 32⁰C (89.6⁰F) in at least half of the work areas measured Only one roll of toilet paper per month is supplied to each worker.

28. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 3: Foxconn Scandal

29. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth EXAMPLE 3: Foxconn Scandal

30. Impact of Globalisation: A. Economic Growth +VE: Increased International Trade  Example 1: Production of Boeing 737 Dreamliner  Example 2: Bangladeshi textile industry -VE: Exploitation of Workers  Example 1: Rana Plaza collapse  Example 2: Nike Sweatshop Controversy  Example 3: Foxconn Scandal

31. YOUR EVALUATION Is the bane of a globalised economy an inevitable consequence of competition that accompanies a reduction of trade barriers OR the result of lax labour laws and enforcement? As can be observed, economic globalisation and growth suggests merely the surface good, well-intended phenomenon to unite the global industries in encouraging increased wealth and opportunities to be shared on a global scale. This phenomenon quickly brought to light the repercussions of how the positive transformation highlights the disease of inequality and the plight of marginalised groups in light of increased discriminatory practices, resulting from economic globalisation

32. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange +VE: Cultural Appreciation  Example 1: Japanese Anime  Example 2: Singapore Film Festival in Mexico -VE: Cultural Homogenisation  Example 1: Domination by mega brands  Example 2: Commodification of ethnic groups

33. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange +VE: Cultural Appreciation  Globalisation has brought about interaction among people of different cultures . This brings about greater diversity of cultures enriching cosmopolitan cities fosters an appreciation of diverse cultures in the world leads to cultural exchange between nations to foster good relations

34. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 1: Japanese Anime

35. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 1: Japanese Anime

36. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 2: Singapore Film Festival in Mexico

37. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 3: Globalisation of Food Culture

38. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange -VE: Cultural Homogenisation  Cultural homogenisation Deeply embedded local cultures are made portable by technology: the advent of satellite technology multi-channel global television food storage technology transport of food over long distances

39. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 1: Domination by mega brands

40. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange Example 2: Commodification of ethnic groups

41. Impact of Globalisation: B. Cultural Exchange +VE: Cultural Appreciation  Example 1: Japanese Anime  Example 2: Singapore Film Festival in Mexico -VE: Cultural Homogenisation  Example 1: Domination by mega brands  Example 2: Commodification of ethnic groups

42. YOUR EVALUATION With enhanced global interaction, is cultural diversity better appreciated & treasured OR obliterated by Westernisation / Americanisation OR commercialised ?

43. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction +VE: Real-time Updates  Example 1: Haiti Earthquake (Social Media)  Example 2: Hashtags Expressing Solidarity -VE: Information Overload  Example 1: Slacktivism  Example 2: Clicktivism

44. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction +VE: Real-time Updates  Real time updates An interconnected world with its free flow of information and communications network enables communities to interact at a deeper level and encourage empathy solve practical problems together as a global community

45. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction Example 1: Use of Social Media during 2010 Haitian Earthquake

46. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction Example 2: Hashtags Expressing Solidarity

47. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction -VE: Information Overload  Information overload Desensitisation Superficiality of interaction  The role of social media in campaigning to raise awareness ( activism ) is often derided as Clicktivism : the use of social media and other online methods to promote a cause Slacktivism : people who support a cause by performing simple measures are not truly engaged or devoted to making a change

48. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction Example 1: Slacktivism Outrage over the 276 girls abducted in Chibok by Boko Haram Although their plight has gained awareness are supporters guilty of falling in to the trap of slacktivism? The lure of supporting a campaign perceived to be in vogue – before swiftly moving on to the next.

49. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction Example 2: Clicktivism Facebook Likes are not currencies in other commercial venues, so they should not be equated with charitable donations

50. Impact of Globalisation: C. Social Interaction +VE: Real-time Updates  Example 1: Haiti Earthquake (Social Media)  Example 2: Hashtags Expressing Solidarity -VE: Information Overload  Example 1: Slacktivism  Example 2: Clicktivism

51. YOUR EVALUATION With global communication networks established, is there the emergence of a genuine sense of a global village that looks out for one another OR a retreat from the problems plaguing the global community?

52. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration +VE: Interdependence  Example 1: UN Global Counter-terrorism Strategy  Example 2: Paris Agreement -VE: Interdependence  Example 1: Global Spread of Zika  Example 2: Global Financial Crisis (2008 – 2009)

53. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration +VE: Interdependence  A globalised world that is intricately connected and interdependent has every interest to collaborate to address global problems.

54. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration Example 1: UN Global Counter-terrorism Strategy

55. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration Example 2: Paris Agreement

56. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration -VE: Interdependence  The interdependence of an interconnected world also means new risks and uncertainties brought about by: international travel interlinked economies

57. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration Example 1: Global Spread of Zika

58. Impact of Globalisation: D. International Integration Example 2: Global Financial Crisis 2008 – 2009 Some see it as a catalyst for economic growth and stability . Others see it as injecting dangerous—and often costly—volatility into the economies of growing middle-income countries

59. YOUR EVALUATION With greater interdependence, is the global community better equipped to collaborate and address global threats OR are global threats magnified and multiplied as a result?

60. The process of globalisation is very controversial. What is undeniable is that globalisation has been, and has the potential to continue to be, a force for good if the global community recognises its merit and work collectively to address the unintended side effects . Only then will globalisation have a human face, not one with brows burrowed and pained by exploitative treatment , but one with brows lifted (similarly arched as the golden arches of McDonald’s) in amazement at the opportunities presented . CONCLUSION