PAPERCRETE

Civil Engineering presentation topic. Its a green house building material, environment friendly and has wide application in constructions related to civil engineering projects.

1. Govind Ballabh Pant Engineering College , Pauri Garhwal SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. M P S Chauhan Sachin Singh Rana Papercrete

2. INTRODUCTION HOW IT IS MADE? CONSTRUCTION TESTS ON PAPERCRETE PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL BONUS CONCLUSION REFERENCES CONTENTS

3. Papercrete is a construction material which consists of re-pulped paper fiber with portland cement or clay and other soil. It is a type fibrous material made by shredding paper (old newspaper ..) into pulp in water adding Portland cement. The thick mix can then be poured into moulds and cast like concrete, creating block panels and innumerable other shapes. INTRODUCTION

4. It was invented by Eric Patterson and Mike McCain in year 1928.

5. Soak the paper such as newspaper, shoe and juice boxes, wrapping papers, napkins, etc overnight. Make the paper pulp. HOW IT IS MADE?

6. Weight cement and sand. Pour cement and sand.

7. Mix all the ingredients for approx. 10 mins. Pour the mix into the wooden or plastic forms.

8. Vibrate the mix to remove the air. Let the specimens dry for at least 1 week.

9. Remove forms. Different shapes.

10. Papercrete is made from recycled paper with small amount of cement and sand added. The ratio is 60% paper, 20% sand, 20% cement. All the three elements gets mixed in mixer or tow mixer. Papercrete can be mortared, drilled, hammered, nailed, used as a plaster and as an infill between poles. Recently, some people made the mixture without cement, and created ‘Fidobe’ or ‘Paper Adobe’. CONSTRUCTION

11. Papercrete is handled much like Adobe. It can be made in smaller bricks or can be used much as cement, and poured in a monolithic wall. Papercrete blocks shrinks 30% in height when drying.

12. The Foundation The function of the foundation is to support the load of the walls and the roof of a structure and hold the structure together. There are number of ways to built footings and stem walls. One of the most common ways is to pour a concrete footing and the stem wall in a single monolithic units. This involves excavating a footing, placing steel rebar horizontally and vertically, and building forms to support the stem wall. This cost quite a bit of money and causes significant amount of concrete.

13. There are other ways to built footing and stem walls with rubble trench foundation. This method is not formally recognized, but people are using it and it is easiest and least expensive way to built a solid foundation for papercrete walls.

14. Building the walls One method of construction is the slipform method. In this method, the paprecrete is poured into t he forms creating the exterior walls. Forms are placed one on top of the other until the correct height is reached. The papercrete slurry is used to fill the joints and the reinforce the blocks. This type of construction is very strong and is used in high rise building. Using this technique for building a papercrete house is a good choice.

15. Installing the roof Wooden plate can be attached to the top of the wall and built a conventional roof framework. The rebar method of attaching the Roof framework to the walls has been used in structures. After the roof framework has been installed, you have to decide whether you want to built a conventional roof or a papercrete roof. A conventional roof is quite expensive than papercrete. Tar is used as a seal for roofing and waterproofs the walls.

16. Waterproofing Papercrete has a disadvantage of not being waterproof, and extra care must be taken during construction to insure that the site is completely waterproof on the exterior. The exterior and interior can be finished with one layer of homemade stucco (the mix being portland cement, slick lime, sand and water) and be ensure to apply evenly. Tar can also be used for waterproofing. Elastomeric paint can be used but are quite expensive. A white lime wash can be applied to the interior, which is very nice looking.

17. Windows and doors Windows and doors can simply be screwed into the papercrete. The gap can be trimmed conventionally and/or filled with papercrete. Windows should be at least double paned. Insulated door or two-door entryways should be built to minimize heating and cooling loss.

18. Floor Papercrete itself may not be best solution for floors since the point pressure of table and chair will indent it unless a great deal of cement is used. Flagstone are also often used f or flooring. Flooring can be made from adobe or a mixture of adobe and papercrete . An adobe earth floor inlaid with flagstone

19. Heating and cooling This is where papercrete shines. With proper sealing and well insulated doors and windows, much smaller heating and cooling systems are possible. You can also use solar power systems in papercrete home if you want to stay further off the grid.

20. Compressive Strength Test The papercrete specimens was tested for their capacity at compression stage. Sample are tested after 14 days of drying. The figure shows how the papercrete behaved when compressed under load. TESTS ON PAPERCRETE

21. The graph shows the average compression strength of the given sample.

22. Weight All the given blocks were weighed and their average weight was taken depending on their ratio to be compared with the ordinary ones since the main objective is to determine if it is light weight. Average weight of the samples. Ratios 1:1:0.5 1:1:1 1:1:1.5 Weight(kg) 7.2 6.6 6.1

23. Density Determined by dividing their mass by its effective volume. Higher the paper amount the lesser the density. Ratio Weight volume density(kg/m3 1:1:0.5 7.2 0.0093 774.193 1:1:1 6.6 0.0093 709.677 1:1:1.5 6.1 0.0093 655.913

24. Shf;khfdyf;jdlhkkhkh Fire Resistance Test Less damage in papercrete as compared to wood.

25. Dried papercrete has very low strength. It has a rough surface which increases its surface area and provides a very strong bond from one block to the next. It is light-weight. It is dimensionally very stable. It provides good insulation. It is mold resistant material. PROPERTIES

26. Flame Retardant, i.e. does not catch fire but smoulders for hours. Prevent insect infestation. In its natural state, it is a grey fibrous looking wall. It can be used as a sound-proofing material.

27. R-value is about 2.0 – 3.0 per inch. Walls is about 10 – 12 inch thick (about 25 – 30cm). Good shear strength as a block. Young’s Modulus is 8GPa. Low tensile strength. Decrease Carbon dioxide content. Seven times light weight than concrete. Mechanical Properties

28. Specific heat capacity is 1000J/KgK. Stiffness is many times less than that of concrete. Compressive strength is 0.96 – 1.2MPa .

29. Large use in house building. Different shapes to decorate houses, flower pots. APPLICATION

30. Used as sound and heat insulator. Large number of shapes which generate large area of constructions. As it is light-weight it can be used in various applications. The application of papercrete has been practiced mostly in US and England.

31. Building made from this can only be of one storey. Not suitable for rainy and marshy area. LIMITATION

32. Papercrete is environment-friendly. Recycle paper waste. Reduces amount of concrete in building. Lighter building material that is safer and easier on body to work with. Minimal equipment is needed to make bricks. Easy technique to learn. ADVANTAGES

33. Only requires a 2inch concrete pad for a foundation . Insulating material. Because of its greater R-value and insulating qualities, papercrete homes uses less energy. Suitable for hot/arid climate. Low cost.

34. As of 2007, papercrete lacks approval from the International Code Council. Papercrete is not particularly ‘structural’, which means it can’t be used over doors and windows without some additional support – either wood or traditional concrete. It absorbs water so it should be protected from water in the rainy season. DISADVANTAGES

35. The cost of raw paper will increase as the number of people using the papercrete will increase and may also lead to deforestation.

36. Incentivizes the recycling of waste paper, especially in communities with no recycling services. Saves landfill space. Saves wood and other construction resources which would have been used to built out or finish the interior and exterior of the structure. Provides low-cost sustainable housing. There is no harmful by-products or excessive energy use in the production of papercrete. ENVIRONMENTAL BONUS

37. Reduces carbon dioxide amount of the house. Use of different material at the place of cement such as gypsum and lime.

38. Good choice to utilize waste paper. Good choice for one storey building. Inner walls of house can be made by papercrete and good choice for decoration purpose. No government approval but can be used. Increase in demand may lead to deforestation. If you really want to live of the grid, then go for papercrete. CONCLUSION

39. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papercrete www.slideshare.net www.livinginpaper.com www.greenhomebuilding.com www.motherearthnews.com www.doityourself.com/stry/papercrete www.papercrete.com REFERENCES

40. Thank you