Paranoid schizophrenia

Paranoid schizophrenia,their effects ,symptoms and remedies,the ill effects

1. PARANOID-SCHIZOPHRENIA BY SREEREMYA.S Lecturer , Mercy college , Palakkad

2. DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria: Schizophrenia Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):  (1) delusions – false beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)  ** “Derailment is disordered thought in which the idea changes spontaneously to another idea that is unrelated or only distantly related” (BehaveNet.com, 2008)

3. Examples of Paranoid Schizophrenia Barbara Tetty Dee Dee ( Be prepared it’s kind of gross). Being a Schizophrenic

4. There are many different medications to treat Paranoid Schizophrenia

5. F20-F29 Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and Delusional Disorders F20 Schizophrenia F20.0 Paranoid schizophrenia F20.1 Hebephrenic schizophrenia F20.2 Catatonic schizophrenia F20.3 Undifferentiated schizophrenia F20.4 Post-schizophrenic depression F20.5 Residual schizophrenia F20.6 Simple schizophrenia F20.8 Other schizophrenia F20.9 Schizophrenia, unspecified

6. F20.0 Paranoid Schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized mainly by delusions of persecution, feelings of passive or active control, feelings of intrusion, and often by megalomanic tendencies also. The delusions are not usually systemized too much, without tight logical connections and are often combined with hallucinations of different senses, mostly with hearing voices. Disturbances of affect, volition and speech, and catatonic symptoms, are either absent or relatively inconspicuous.

7. F20.2 Catatonic Schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized mainly by motoric activity, which might be strongly increased (hypekinesis) or decreased (stupor), or automatic obedience and negativism. We recognize two forms: productive form — which shows catatonic excitement, extreme and often aggressive activity. Treatment by neuroleptics or by electroconvulsive therapy. stuporose form — characterized by general inhibition of patient’s behavior or at least by retardation and slowness, followed often by mutism, negativism, fexibilitas cerea or by stupor. The consciousness is not absent.

8. Types of Drugs In the last decade new "atypical" antipsychotics have been introduced. Compared to the older "conventional" antipsychotics these medications appear to be equally effective for helping reduce the positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions - but may be better than the older medications at relieving the negative symptoms of the illness, such as withdrawal, thinking problems, and lack of energy. The atypical antipsychotics include aripiprazole (Abilify), risperidone (Risperdal), clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel) thiothixene (Navane).

9. Etiology of Schizophrenia - Dopamine Hypothesis The most influential and plausible are the hypotheses, based on the supposed disorder of neurotransmission in the brain, derived mainly from the effects of antipsychotic drugs that have in common the ability to inhibit the dopaminergic system by blocking action of dopamine in the brain dopamine-releasing drugs (amphetamine, mescaline, diethyl amide of lysergic acid - LSD) that can induce state closely resembling paranoid schizophrenia Classical dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia : Psychotic symptoms are related to dopaminergic hyperactivity in the brain. Hyperactivity of dopaminergic systems during schizophrenia is result of increased sensitivity and density of dopamine D2 receptors in the different parts of the brain.

10. Etiology of Schizophrenia - Contemporary Models Dopamine hypothesis revisited : various neurotransmitter systems probably takes place in the etiology of schizophrenia (norepinephric, serotonergic, glutamatergic, some peptidergic systems); based on effects of atypical antipsychotics especially. Contemporary models of schizophrenia conceptualize it as a neurocognitive disorder, with the various signs and symptoms reflecting the downstream effects of a more fundamental cognitive deficit: the symptoms of schizophrenia arise from “cognitive dysmetria” (Nancy C. Andreasen) concept of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder (Daniel R. Weinberger)

11. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Davis (lecture) BehaveNet.com. (2008) Retrieved March 12, 2008 from http://www.behavenet.com/ HealthSquare.com Wikipedia.com Utube.com PANSS Training DVD, Volume I: Harvey, Barbara, and Dennis 2004 by The PANSS Institute LLC & Philip R. Muskin,MD Schizophrenia.com. (2007) Retrieved March 13, 2008 from http://www.spizophrenia.com/