Paras ppt

1. PARAS BHARGAVA EEE/10/675D PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION TRAINING REPORT ON

2. In Thermal Power Station it has 8 units CAPACITY 4X110MW+2X210MW+2X250MW UNIT-1 01-11-1979 UNIT-2 27-03-1980 UNIT-3 01-01-1985 UNIT-4 11-01-1987 UNIT-5 28-03-1989 UNIT-6 04-07-2001 UNIT-7 16-10-2004 UNIT-8 02-02-2005 DAILY COAL REQ. 15,000M.T. HEIGHT OF COOLING TOWERS 123.5 mtr . IN STAGE 1&2 143.5 mtr . IN STAGE 3&4 140 mtr . IN STAGE 5&6 143.5 mtr . IN STAGE 7&8

3. RADIAL CONCEPT Central Plant Complex Fuel Electricity Waste Water Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Kinetic Energy mechanical Energy Electrical Energy

4. 1. Cooling tower. 2. Cooling water pump. 3. Transmission line (3-phase). 4. Unit transformer (3-phase). 5. Electric generator (3-phase). 6. Low pressure turbine. 7. Condensate extraction pump. 8. Condenser. 9. Intermediate pressure turbine. 10. Steam governor valve. 11. High pressure turbine. 12. Deaerator . 13. Feed heater. 14. Coal conveyor. 15. Coal hopper. 16. Pulverised fuel mill. 17. Boiler drum. 18. Ash hopper. 19. Superheater . 20. Forced draught fan. 21. Reheater . 22. Air intake. 23. Economiser . 24. Air preheater . 25. Precipitator. 26. Induced draught fan. 27. Chimney Stack.

5. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of plant and through conveyor system collected in hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill. Conveyor Coal Hopper Pulverised Mill Wagon Tippler

6. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-fuel mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler. Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan

7. BOILER A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are made of a web of high pressure steel tubes. Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

8. 3 June 2013 PMI Revision 00 9 BOILER FEED PUMP NDE BEARING DE BEARING SOLE PLATE (BASE PLATE) FOUNDATION BOLT KEY SLEEVE 18

9. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

10. SUPER HEATER In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of the furnace known as the super heater , which has an elaborate set up of tubing where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature. The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves before the high pressure turbine. Superheated steam is steam at a temperature higher than water's boiling point. If saturated stream is heated at constant pressure, it increases toward 100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued heat input will then generate superheated steam. This will occur if saturated steam contacts a surface with a higher temperature. The steam is then described as superheated by the number of degrees it has been heated above saturation temperature

11. STEAM TURBINE The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamics efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam.

12. ROTORS

13. CONDENSER Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower) in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest. Water Cooled Condenser Air Cooled Condenser

14. COOLING TOWER Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid. Natural Draft Cooling Tower

15. DE AREATOR De Areator The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater . A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam-generating boiler.

16. ECONOMISER Economiser Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater powered by steam drawn from the high pressure set, and then in the economiser Economizer are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid. Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes. Advantages of Economizer include 1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler plant. 2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for evaporation reduced considerably.

17. Electrostatic Precipitator Exhaust gas from the boiler is drawn by the induced draft fan through an electrostatic precipitator Electrostatic precipitators are mandatory installation in modern power plants to control stack emission. Each boiler has electrostatic precipitators which contain high voltage electrodes, these attract the pulverized fuel ash (PFA) from the flue gases. At regular intervals the electrodes are rapped with motor-driven hammers and the PFA falls into hoppers below. Electrostatic precipitator is a collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream.

18. CHIMNEY Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack. A chimney is a structure for venting hot gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. A chimney is a vertical structure for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the outside atmosphere by means of the stack effect. The space inside a chimney is called a flue . The height of chimneys plays a role in their ability to transfer flue gases using stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at higher altitude helps to ease down its influence on surroundings and reduces their concentrations in compliance with regulatory limits.

19. SWITCHYARD A  switch yard  is a part of an electrical generation, transmission ,  system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low , or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

20. It consists various devices like 1.Bus bars :- It receive power from incoming ckt & deliver power to outgoing ckt . 2.Lightning Arrester :-It is used to protect the insulation & conductor of system from damaging effects of lightning . 3. Isolators :- It has purpose of disconnect the power supply for Service or maintenance. 4.Current Transformers (C.T):- A  current transformer  ( CT ) is used for measurement of alternating electric currents. Current transformers, together with voltage transformers ( VT )( potential transformers (PT)), are known as  instrument transformers.

21. 5 . Voltage Transformer :- Potential Transformer  or  Voltage Transformer  are used in electrical power system for stepping down the system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low Ratings meters and relays. 6.Circuit Breaker :- A circuit breaker in a substation is a form of protection, designed to break fault current (the large volume of current that flows when a fault is detected on the system ). 7.Power Transformers :- Power transformers are used in transmission  network of higher voltages for step-up and stepdown application(400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and a re generally rated above 200MVA . 8.Insulators: - Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support and separate electrical conductors without allowing current through themselves.

22. CONTROL ROOM A control room   is a room serving as a centre where a large physical facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and controlled .

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