parental care in animals and their adaptation.pptx

Parental care of the terrestrial and aquatic animals

1. Parental care behaviour

2. In several species the parental care are well developed particularly in ber vertebrates to increase the survival rate of their young one. It is found mainly in the species which produces fewer off springs and ansisting long time period for the development. In this particular behaviour, either one or both parents involve in taking care of their young ones until it can be capable for self care and self dependent. Male-female providing food, shelter and protection to their offspring is known as "parental care".

3. ARIUS / CATFISH Once fertilization occurs, the male arius showing parental care through keeping eggs into mouth and take care of it by protecting and maintaining the temperature for hatching. Male arius do not eat anything until fry are not emerge out of eggs.

4. The offspring are around 6-8 cm long and gradually adapt to adult behaviour, such as opportunistic bottom feeding and scavenging. Incubations continue through the yolk-sac larval state, for approx length of 8-11 weeks.

5. The hardhead catfish are also mouth brooder in which paternal care are there my Male keeping eggs in his mouth and did not feed until the eggs hatch out and non-functioning Eggs are used as food for male mouth brooder. Other kind of paternal care also there in other species of fish like bubble nesting in which male guards the eggs by making bubble nest.

6. Ichthyophis Ichthyophis is an apodans amphibian lives in burrows in moist ground. In this sticky caecilian Female shows parental care as she coiled around the eggs till they hatch out. In this way she guarding and maintaining the suitable temperature for hatching the eggs.

7. Alytes Many species carry eggs on their backs to guard them. It is also found in Alytes commonly known as mid-wife toad due to their peculiar parental behaviour shown by the male as it carry a string of fertilized eggs on their back and act as 'mid-wife". The female expels a strand of eggs which the male fertilizes externally and then warps them around his leg to protect them from predators in the water.

8. Once the eggs are hatched completely, mole wades into shallow water where he allows the tadpole to emerge out from the eHgs. Thus the male protecting the eggs from various predators by sticking them on his back and carries them till they hatch.