Parentral drug administration

nursing

1. PAERENTAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION PRESENTED BY : Ms. Zoya Ali Makrani Department of MSN

2. After this lecture you will get to know about… Definition Principles of parenteral drug administration Types of parenteral therapies Purpose Side effects Types of syringes, needles and cannula and infusion sets

3. Introduction : The parenteral route refers to medication that are given by Injection In other words, it means giving therapeutic agents outside the alimentary tract . Para= beside , enteron = intestine It is the forcing of fluid into cavity, a blood vessel or a body tissue through a hollow tube or needle.

4. definition Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body.  injection : It is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe for the material to be administered into the body. Syringe is a device made of a hollow tube and a needle that is used to force fluids into or take fluids out of the body.

5. Principles of parenteral drug administration: The knowledge of anatomy and physiology is essential. If carelessly given , injections are means of introducing infections into the body. Drugs that change the chemical composition of the blood , will endanger the life of the client. if not used cautiously. Any unfamiliar situation produces anxiety. Once drug is administered its irretrievable. Antidote may be available for particular medications but the best antidote is prevention. organization, and planning results in the economy of time, material and comfort.

6. Types of parenteral therapies. Hypodermal/subcutaneous Hypospray Infusions Intradermal. Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Intraspinal/intrathecal Intravenous and intra-arterial

7. Vensection /cut-down transfusions

8. Hypodermal/subcutaneous Medicines when administered into subcutaneous tissue or areolar tissue are called as hypodermic or subcutaneous.

9. Technique :

10. Hypospray : The hypospray permits the drug to be sprayed through the skin without a needle. The pressure of the device is 125 pounds and that forces the drug into tissues without a visible mark, without pain. The device is called as jet injector.

11. INFUSIONS The large quantity of medicines are to be introduced into the body, it is called as infusions.

12. Intra dermal Medicines when introduced into the dermis layer is called as intradermal injection.

13. Intramuscular injections: Medicined when injected into the muscles is called as intramuscular injections.

14. Intraosseous injections: Medicines when introduced into the bone marrow, then it is called as intrapsseous .

15. Intraperitoneal Medicines when introduced into the peritoneal cavity.

16. Intraspinal/ Intathecal Medicines when introduced into the spinal cavity.

17. Intravenous and intra-arterial Medicines/fluids when inserted into the vein is called as intra-venous. Medicines/fluids when inserted into the artery Is called as intra-arterial.

18. Venesection-cutdown. Opening a vein and introducing a tube or wide-bore needle and introducing medicines and fluids or taking –out blood is called as venesection or cut-down.

19. Transfusions : It is the introduction of whole blood or plasma into vein or artery to supply actual volume of blood or to introduce constituents as clotting factor or antibodies which are deficient in the client.

20. Purpose of injections: To get a rapid and systematic effect of drug. To provide the needed effect even when the client Is unconscious. Assures that the total dosage will be administered and absorbed by the systemic action of drug. Provides only means of administration of medications that can’t be given orally. To obtain a local effect at the site of injection .i.e. Anesthesia To restore blood volume by replacing the fluid. To give nourishment when it can not be given by mouth.

21. Factors that favor absorption: Blood supply to the area The composition of the fluid injected. Application of heat Massage. Circulation time of blood. Physical conditions.

22. Complications of injections: Allergic reactions Infections Pyrogenic reactions. Tissue trauma Psychic trauma in children Pain Accidental IV injections. Foot droop/ paralysis

23. Air embolism Overdose / under dose Errors. Serum hepatitis.

24. Types of syringe. Basic two types: Disposable . Re –usable.

25. cannula intravenous (IV) cannulation is a technique in which a cannula is placed inside a vein to provide venous access. Venous access allows sampling of blood, as well as administration of fluids, medications, parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and blood products.

26. Selection of the site for injection It depends upon: Route ordered by doctor Quantity of medication to be given Muscular development and condition of the client. Characteristic of the medication to be given Knowledge of anatomical location of nerves. Expected action of drugs

27. Criteria for the selection of syringes. The route ordered Viscosity of medication solution. Amount of medication Body size Amount of fat

28. Measures to be followed while selecting the needles The bevel should be sharp and without the hooks Needle size should be of smallest gauze appropriate for medication Needle length should be appropriate for the site. Needle should fit tightly to the syringe

29. Injection forms

30. To be continue….