parneet kaur CLASS 9 WEATHER CHANGEVREPRT

WEATHER REPORT

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
BY PARNEET KAUR
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2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
•Thanks to my teacher, Mrs. NavroopKaur, for aiding
me in analyzing this project Their guidance clarified
my understanding, expanded my knowledge and
highlighted the significance of the project.
•I am grateful to my education board for providing an
incredible chance to craft this project. Their clear
instructions and helpful guidance have been
invaluable.
•A heartfelt thank you to my parents and friends who
provided invaluable support in completing this project.
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3. INDEX
TOPICSLIDE
NO.
SERIAL
NO.
What is Disaster31
Types of disaster 42
Earthquake -how does it occur , protection against it 53
Floods -how does it occur , protection against it 64
Droughts -how does it occur , protection against it 75
Biological and chemical 86
What is disaster management 97
Stages of disaster management 108
Common techniques of disaster management 119
Bibliography1210
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4. What is a Disaster?What is a Disaster?
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss
of human life deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”.
(ARC.)

5. 5
TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural
Disasters
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man-made
Disasters
Technological
Industrial
accidents
Security
related

6. Earthquake -how does it occur ,
protection against it :
EARTHQUAKE: An earthquake – also called a quake, tremor, or temblor – is the
shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in
the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from
those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and
people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire
cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes
experienced over a particular time. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth
is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume.
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7. Earthquake :
How does it occur
7
Earthquakes are caused due to sudden tectonic movements in the earth’s crust. When the tectonic plates
slide over one another, there is a cause of orogeny which results in earthquakes and volcanoes. These
disturbances cause vibrations that spread in all directions. As there is a relative motion of these plates,
there is stress built up, which breaks by releasing the stored energy known as shock waves. This causes a
release of energy, and the energy waves travel in all directions. The point where the energy is released is
called the focus of an earthquake or hypo-centre. The point on the surface of the earth which is vertically
above the focus is called the epicentre. It is the first place to experience the waves.

8. Earthquake
:
8
Protection against it
If you are in bed, STAY there and COVER your head and neck with a pillow.
If you are outdoors, drop, then crawl towards open space if you can. Stay away from
buildings, power lines, and trees.
If you are driving, stop and stay in your vehicle. Avoid stopping near buildings, trees,
overpasses, and utility wires. Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid
bridges or ramps..

9. Floods - how does it occur,
protection against it
9
FLOOD : A flood is a natural disaster caused by too much rain or water in a location, and
could be caused by prolonged rainfall from a storm, rapid melting of large amounts of snow
or ice, or the bursting of dams or levees. Floods are one of the most common hazards in the
US. Effects may be local, involving small streams and neighborhoods, or very large, affecting
entire river basins and multiple counties or states.

10. 10
Floods
How does it occur
Add a Slide Title
-4
10
Floods
10
How does it occur
Flooding occurs in known floodplains when prolonged rainfall over several days, intense rainfall over a short
period of time, or an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream to overflow and flood the surrounding area.
Melting snow can combine with rain in the winter and early spring; severe thunderstorms can bring heavy rain
in the spring and summer; or tropical cyclones can bring intense rainfall to the coastal and inland states in the
summer and fall.
Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic
loss. Most communities in the United States can experience some kind of flooding.

11. Add a Slide Title -
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11
Floods
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Protection against it
Flood protection infrastructures such as storm surge barriers, levees, and dikes play
important roles in reducing flood impacts on coastal communities. However, construction
of a new structure remains a contentious public policy decision partly because it requires
sizable investment to address infrequent disasters.

12. Add a Slide Title -
5
Droughts - how does it occur,
protection against it
12
More specifically, drought is defined by a period of unusually dry weather caused by low
rainfall and high temperatures. It is also defined in terms of the impact on agriculture
when crops fail due to lack of moisture in soil, leading to food shortages and serious
human impacts such as famine in severe cases.

13. 1313
Floods
How does it occur
Add a Slide Title
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13
Droughts
13
How does it occur
1. Irregular Monsoon Patterns:
India's predominantly agrarian economy heavily relies on the monsoon season. Irregularities in the monsoon patterns,
such as delayed onset, early withdrawal, or insufficient rainfall, lead to drought conditions in various regions.
2. Depletion of Groundwater:
Over-extraction of groundwater for irrigation and domestic use has led to a significant decline in water tables.
Prolonged and excessive pumping has further exacerbated drought conditions in many parts of the country.

14. 1414
Droughts
14
Protection against it
1. Rainwater Harvesting:
Promote rainwater harvesting techniques to capture and store rainwater for future use. Rooftop rainwater
harvesting, check dams, and farm ponds can help recharge groundwater and increase water availability.
2. Sustainable Agricultural Practices:
Encourage farmers to adopt water-efficient irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinklers. Promoting
drought-resistant crop varieties can also help conserve water during periods of low rainfall.
3. Afforestation and Reforestation:
Government initiatives and community-driven efforts must focus on increasing forest cover and rehabilitating
degraded land. Planting more trees helps restore the ecological balance and improves water retention in the soil.

15. 1515
Floods
How does it occur
Add a Slide Title
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15
Biological & Chemical
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Biological
Biological disasters are natural scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a large scale among
humans, animals and plants due to micro-organisms like bacteria, or virus or toxins. Biological disasters may
be in the form of:-
Epidemic affecting a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or
region at the same time, examples being Cholera, Plague; or,
Pandemic is an epidemic that spreads across a large region, that is, a continent, or even worldwide of
existing, emerging or reemerging diseases and pestilences, example being Influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu).

16. 161616
Floods
How does it occur
Add a Slide Title
-4
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Biological & Chemical
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cHemical
A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous chemicals, which could harm
human health and the environment. Such events include fires, explosions, and release of toxic materials
that may cause people illness, injury, or disability. Chemical accidents can be caused for example by natural
disasters, human error, or deliberate acts for personal gain.
[1]
Chemical accidents are generally understood
to be industrial-scale ones, often with important offsite consequences. Unintended exposure to chemicals
that occur at smaller work sites, as well as in private premises during everyday activities are usually not
referred to as chemical accidents.

17. 17
What is a Disaster Management?What is a Disaster Management?
The Disaster Management Covers A Broad Range Of
Interventions Undertaken Before, During And After A
Disaster To Prevent Or Minimize Loss Of Life And
Property, Minimize Human Suffering And Accelerate
Recovery. The Management Of A Disaster Can Be
Viewed As A Series Of Phases Including Preparedness,
Response, Relief, Recovery (Rehabilitation And
Reconstruction.), Prevention, And Mitigation.

18. 18
Stages Of Disaster Management

19. 19
Common Techniques of Disaster Management?Common Techniques of Disaster Management?
19
Common techniques of Disaster Management
1.Mitigation: any activity that reduces either the chance of a hazard taking place or a hazard
turning into disaster.
2.Risk reduction: anticipatory measures and actions that seek to avoid future risks as a result of a
disaster.
3.Prevention: avoiding a disaster even at the eleventh hour.
4.Preparedness: plans or preparations made to save lives or property, and help the response and
rescue service operations. This phase covers implementation/operation, early warning systems
and capacity building so the population will react appropriately when an early warning is issued.
5.Response: includes actions taken to save lives and prevent property damage, and to preserve
the environment during emergencies or disasters. The response phase is the implementation of
action plans.
6.Recovery: includes actions that assist a community to return to a sense of normalcy after a
disaster

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www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.studymafia.org
www.diastermanagement.com
www.ndma.gov.in
www.adda247.com