Part6 work ethic .pptx

1. Part 6 The role of the work ethic in the rise of the west L1 aES

2. Western institutional structures like the corporation , the market the nation-state became the global standards for competitive economics and politics – templates for other nations to copy. Western science made huge advances; others either followed or were left behind. Western systems of law and the political models derived from them, including democracy , displaced or defeated the non-Western alternatives. Western medicine marginalized the witch doctors and other faith-healers. The Western model of industrial production and mass consumption left all alternative models of economic organization behind. Late 1990s the West was still clearly the dominant civilization of the world. The five leading Western powers – the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom , France and Canada – accounted for 44 per cent of total global manufacturing between them. The scientific world was dominated by Western universities , employees of which won most Nobel prizes.

3. Rank Country Nobel Prizes 1 United States 368 2 United Kingdom 132 3 Germany 107 4 France 62 5 Sweden 30 6 Switzerland 26 7 Japan 26 8 Canada 23 9 Russia 23 10 Austria 21 11 Italy 20 12 Netherlands 20 13 Denmark 14 14 Norway 13 15 Israel 12 16 Australia 12 17 Poland 12 18 Belgium 10 19 South Africa 10 20 India 10 Nobel Prize Laureates by Country 21 Hungary 9 22 China 9 23 Spain 8 24 Ireland 7 25 Czech Republic 5 26 Argentina 5 27 Finland 4 28 Romania 4 29 Egypt 4 30 New Zealand 3

4. Reformation Europe

5. The economic dynamism Western civilization - a consequence of the Protestant Reformation. Other religions associated holiness with the renunciation of worldly things – monks in cloisters , hermits in caves – the Protestant sects saw industry and thrift as expressions of a new kind of hard-working godliness. Capitalism has a religious origin: “To attain … self-confidence, intense worldly activity is recommended. Tireless labour - the surest sign that you belonged to the Elect, that select band of people predestined by God for salvation .” Protestantism has the effect of liberating the acquisition of wealth from the inhibitions of traditionalist ethics – profit and wealth is directly willed by God. The Protestant ethic - provided the capitalist with ‘sober, conscientious, and unusually capable workers , who were devoted to work as the divinely willed purpose of life ’. ‘For most of history, men had worked to live. But the Protestants lived to work .’ This work ethic gave birth to modern capitalism, which Weber defined as ‘sober , bourgeois capitalism with its rational organization of free labour’. ‘The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism’. Max Weber

6. A spirit of capitalism occurred before the Reformation, in the towns of Lombardy and Flanders. Many leading reformers expressed distinctly anti-capitalist views . O ne major study of 276 German cities between 1300 and 1900 found ‘ no effects of Protestantism on economic growth’.

7. Protestantism encouraged individual reading of the Bible, t herefore literacy very important. This and printing were the two things that encouraged economic development (the accumulation of ‘ human capital ’) as well as scientific study . Scotland - spending on education, school enrolment and literacy rates were exceptionally high. Wherever Protestant missionaries went, they promoted literacy , with measurable long-term benefits to the societies they sought to educate Protestant missionaries - responsible for the fact that school enrolments in British colonies were , on average, four to five times higher than in other countries’ colonies . Protestant missionary activity - very good predictor of post-independence economic performance and political stability in India . Recent surveys of attitudes show that Protestants have unusually high levels of mutual trust, an important precondition for the development of efficient credit networks. Religious belief (as opposed to formal observance ) - associated with economic growth, particularly where concepts of heaven and hell provide incentives for good behaviour in this world. This tends to mean not only hard work and mutual trust but also thrift, honesty , trust and openness to strangers, all economically beneficial traits.

8. Protestantism in the West - work , save and read . The Industrial Revolution P roduct of technological innovation and consumption . Depended on an increase in the intensity and duration of work, combined with the accumulation of capital through saving and investment . Depended on the accumulation of human capital. The literacy that Protestantism promoted was vital to all of this.

9.     0%-9%     10%-19% (Estonia, Sweden , Denmark )     20%-29% (Norway, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Finland)     30%-39% (France, Netherlands, Belgium, Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus, Luxembourg, Hungary, Albania, Latvia)     40%-49% (Germany, Switzerland, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain)     50%-59% (Azerbaijan, Serbia, Ireland, Austria)     60%-69%     70%-79% (Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Portugal, Italy, Moldova, Armenia, Poland, Cyprus, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina)     80%-89% (Georgia, Turkey, Romania, Malta)     90%-100% (Kosovo)     No data Results of a 2008/2009 Gallup survey on whether respondents said that religion was "important in [their] daily life."

10. “Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people .”

11. ‘God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. Yet his shadow still looms. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives; who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves ?’ Friedrich Nietzsche

12. Religion is an ‘illusion’, a ‘ universal neurosis ’ devised to prevent people from giving way to their basic instincts – in particular, their sexual desires and violent, destructive impulses. ‘If one imagined its prohibitions removed, then could choose any woman who took one’s fancy as one’s sexual object, one could kill without hesitation one’s sexual object, one could kill without hesitation one’s rival or whoever interfered with one in any other way, and one could seize what one wanted of another man’s goods without asking his leave .’ Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Father of Psychoanalysis

13. ‘For the West’s most compelling critics today the Sixties opened the door to a post-Freudian anti-civilization , characterized by a hedonistic celebration of the pleasures of the self, a rejection of theology in favour of pornography and a renunciation of the Prince of Peace for grotesquely violent films and video games that are best characterized as ‘ warnography ’.

14. Imagine there's no heaven, It's easy if you try, No hell below us, Above us only sky, Imagine all the people living for today... “Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I needn’t argue about that; I’m right and I will be proved right . We’re more popular than Jesus now; I don’t know which will go first – rock ’n’ roll or Christianity, The universe that we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil, no good, nothing but pitiless indifference.” ― Richard Dawkins, River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life

15. Springfield, Missouri has roughly one church for every thousand citizens. There are 122 Baptist churches, thirty-six Methodist chapels , twenty-five Churches of Christ and fifteen Churches of God – in all, some 400 Christian places of worship .

16. Wenzhou, China 1,339 officially recognised churches

17. ‘Christianity offers China a new ‘common moral foundation’ capable of reducing corruption , narrowing the gap between rich and poor , promoting philanthropy and even preventing pollution.’ Professor Zhao Xiao

18. ‘We were asked to look into what accounted for the … pre-eminence of the West all over the world … At first , we thought it was because you had morepowerful guns than we had. Then we thought it was because you had the best political system. Next we focused on your economic system . In the past twenty years, we have realized that the heart of your culture is your religion: Christianity . That is why the West has been so powerful. The Christian moral foundation of social and cultural life was what made possible the emergence of capitalism and then the successful transition to democratic politics . We don’t have any doubt about this .’ Anonymous Fellow of the Chinese Academy of the Social Sciences

19. In 2007 his successor Hu Jintao held an unprecedented Politburo ‘study session’ on religion , at which he told China’s twenty-five most powerful leaders that ‘the knowledge and strength of religious people must be mustered to build a prosperous society ’. The XIVth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was presented with a report specifying three requirements for sustainable economic growth: property rights as a foundation , the law as a safeguard and morality as a support.

20. ‘So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him ; male and female he created them .’   Genesis 1:27 ‘You are all sons of God through faith in Jesus Christ… There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female , for you are all one in Jesus Christ.’ Galations 3:26-28 “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness .”