Parts of Cells and Cell Organelles Slides

Presentation by Erlinda Gadiza Grade VII

1. ERLINDA GADIZA SUHENDENDI
Parts of Cell

2. STRUCTURE
1.Cell Membrane
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with
embedded proteins, cholesterol, and
carbohydrates.
Selectively permeable to ions and
organic molecules; involved in cell
signaling and cell adhesion.
FUNCTION

3. 2.Cytoplasm
Contains cytosol, the aqueous
component, and various
organelles.
Function: Medium for metabolic
reactions; supports and
suspends organelles.
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION

4. STRUCTURE
3.Nucleus
Enclosed by a double membrane called
the nuclear envelope; contains chromatin
(DNA and proteins) and the nucleolus.
Stores genetic information; coordinates cell
activities such as growth, metabolism, protein
synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).
FUNCTION

5. STRUCTURE
4.Ribosomes
Consist of two subunits (large and small)
made of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
Translate genetic code from mRNA
into proteins.
FUNCTION

6. ROUGH ER
5.Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Studded with
ribosomes; synthesizes
proteins for secretion
or membrane insertion.
SMOOTH ER
Lacks ribosomes;
synthesizes lipids,
metabolizes carbohydrates,
detoxifies drugs and poisons,
and stores calcium ions.

7. STRUCTURE
6.Golgi
Apparatus
Stacks of flattened
membranous sacs
(cisternae)..
FUNCTION
Modifies proteins and lipids
from the ER, sorts and
packages them into vesicles
for delivery.

8. STRUCTURE
7.Mitochondria
Double membrane;
inner membrane
folded into cristae to
increase surface area;
contains its own DNA.
FUNCTION
Site of ATP (energy)
production through cellular
respiration.

9. STRUCTURE
8.Lysosomes
Membrane-bound
vesicles containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
FUNCTION
Break down macromolecules,
old cell parts, and
microorganisms.

10. STRUCTURE
9.Peroxisomes
Small, membrane-
bound organelles
containing enzymes.
FUNCTION
Break down fatty acids and
amino acids; detoxify
harmful substances.

11. MICROFILAMENTS
(ACTIN FILAMENTS):
10.Cytoskeleton
Provide support and
shape; involved in cell
movement and
division.
INTERMEDIATE
FILAMENTS
Provide mechanical
support; anchor
organelles.
MICROTUBULES
Maintain cell shape;
facilitate intracellular
transport; form the
mitotic spindle during
cell division.

12. STRUCTURE
11.Centrioles
Cylindrical structures
made of microtubules.
FUNCTION
Organize microtubules
during cell division; form the
basis of cilia and flagella.

13. STRUCTURE
12.Vacuoles
Membrane-bound
sacs.
FUNCTION
Store nutrients, waste
products, and other
substances; in plant cells, the
central vacuole maintains
turgor pressure.

14. STRUCTURE
13.Chloroplasts
(in plant cells)
Double membrane;
contain thylakoids
stacked into grana;
contain their own DNA.
FUNCTION
Conduct photosynthesis;
convert light energy into
chemical energy stored in
glucose.

15. STRUCTURE
14.Plasmodesmata
(in plant cells)
Channels between cell
walls.
FUNCTION
Allow transport and
communication between
plant cells.

16. STRUCTURE
15.Cilia and
Flagella
Hair-like projections
made of microtubules.
FUNCTION
Enable cell movement
(flagella) or move fluid past
the cell surface (cilia).

17. STRUCTURE
16.Cell Wall
(in plant cells, fungi, and
some prokaryotes)
Rigid layer outside the
cell membrane made
of cellulose (in plants),
chitin (in fungi), or
peptidoglycan (in
bacteria).
FUNCTION
Provides structural support
and protection; prevents
over-expansion when water
enters the cell.

18. STRUCTURE
17.Extracellular Matrix
(ECM) (in animal cells)
Network of proteins
(like collagen) and
carbohydrates.
FUNCTION
Provides structural support,
segregates tissues, and
regulates intercellular
communication.