Past perfect; use and examples

2. FORM
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

Ex: When I arrived, my parents had left.
Had you already had lunch when they arrived?
We hadn’t finished homework when they came.
Auxiliary for
the negative
and
interrogative
form.
3rd column of
irregular
verbs /-ed

3. USE
•The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before
another action in the past. That’s why it is often combined with the past
simple tense.
Ex: I didn’t have any money because I had lost my purse.
2 1
1.I lose my purse
2.I don’t have any money
•To describe a period of time before a past action.
Ex: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down

4. REPHRASING EXERCISES
Rewrite the sentences using the past perfect and the past simple.
I took an aspirin. Then I felt better.
After I had taken an aspirin, I felt better.
1She did her homework. Then she went to bed.
2We saw our friends. Then we went home.
3He rang his parents. Then he felt happy.
4I went to London. Then I visited Oxford.
•They took some photos. Then they left.
6 First, I bought the ticket. Then, I went into the cinema

5. Complete with the past simple or past perfect form of the
verbs in brackets.
(by the time= when)
1.Pam ______________ (erase) the blackboard before the
teacher______________(check) all the exams.
2.Sam ________________ (do) the homework by the time his
mum ______________(return) home
3. Mary _____________ (finish) her project and was walking her
dog by the time her mother _______________ (arrive) home.
4.By the time Keith ______________(get) to the bus stop, the
bus ______________(already/leave).
5. It ________________ (start) to rain when Mary
________________(leave) school.

6. Complete with the past simple or past perfect form of the
verbs in brackets.
(by the time= when)
1.Pam ______________ (erase) the blackboard before the
teacher______________(check) all the exams.
2.Sam ________________ (do) the homework by the time his
mum ______________(return) home
3. Mary _____________ (finish) her project and was walking her
dog by the time her mother _______________ (arrive) home.
4.By the time Keith ______________(get) to the bus stop, the
bus ______________(already/leave).
5. It ________________ (start) to rain when Mary
________________(leave) school.