Past, Present and Future of Mobile Computing

Mobile Computing refers a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device.

Mobile Computing is a technology that provides an environment that enables users to transmit data from one device to another device without the use of any physical link or cables

It has three parts, Mobile Communication, Mobile Hardware and Mobile Software

1. Past, Present and Future of
Mobile Computing
Guest Lecture by Lt. Dr. Manoj Kumar M
Associate Professor, CSE, JIT,
Associate NCC Officer, NCC-JIT

2. agenda
●Mobile Computing
●Computer and its types
●History of Computers and Generations of Computers
●Computer Networking and Internet
●Key characteristics of mobile computing
●Fixed vs. Wireless Networks in Mobile Computing
●History : Mobile technology and communication
●evolution of wireless communication from 1G to 5G
●Simple reference model
●Multiplexing in Mobile Computing
●Past,Present and Future of Mobile computing
●Understanding VR and AR
●Different mobile OS and Android versions
●Conclusion

3. Mobile Computing
MobileComputingrefersatechnologythatallowstransmission
ofdata,voiceandvideoviaacomputeroranyotherwireless
enableddevice.
MobileComputingisatechnologythatprovidesanenvironment
thatenablesuserstotransmitdatafromonedeviceto
anotherdevicewithouttheuseofanyphysicallinkorcables
It has three parts, Mobile Communication, Mobile Hardware and
Mobile Software

4. WHAT IS CompuTER AND ITS TYPES

5. HistoryofComputers
Abacus Napier's Bones Pascaline
(4000 years ago) (1600) (1642)

6. HistoryofComputersContd..
Leibnitz wheel Difference Engine Analytical Engine
(1673) (Charles Babbage 1820s) (Charles Babbage 1830s)

7. HistoryofComputerscontd..
Tabulating
(Tabulating Machine, Differential Analyser , Vannevar Bush,
1930,
Herman Hollerith 1890, Census vacuum tubes to electric signals,25 calculations at
time
HTM→IBM, 1924)

8. HistoryofComputerscontd..
Mark 1
The next major changes in the
history of computer began in
1937 when Howard Aikenplanned
to develop a machine that
could perform calculations
involving large numbers. In
1944, Mark I computer was
built as a partnership between
IBM and Harvard. It was the
first programmable digital
computer.

9. Generations of Computers
A generation of computers refers to the specific improvements in
computer technology with time. In 1946, electronic pathways
called circuits were developed to perform the counting. It
replaced the gears and other mechanical parts used for counting
in previous computing machines.
In each new generation, the circuits became smaller and more
advanced than the previous generation circuits. The
miniaturization helped increase the speed, memory and power of
computers

10. First Generation Computers
Thefirstgeneration(1946-1959)computerswereslow,huge
andexpensive.Inthesecomputers,vacuumtubeswereusedas
thebasiccomponentsofCPUandmemory.
Thesecomputersweremainlydependedonbatchoperating
systemandpunchcards.
Magnetictapeandpapertapewereusedasoutputandinput
devicesinthisgeneration

11. Second and third Generation Computers
Thesecondgeneration(1959-1965)wastheeraofthetransistorcomputers.
Thesecomputersusedtransistorswhichwerecheap,compactandconsuming
lesspower;itmadetransistorcomputersfast.
Thethirdgeneration(1965-1971)computersusedintegratedcircuits(ICs)
insteadoftransistors.AsingleICcanpackhugenumberoftransistors
whichincreasedthepowerofacomputerandreducedthecost.Thecomputers
alsobecamemorereliable,efficientandsmallerinsize.

12. fourth and fifth Generation Computers
Thefourthgeneration(1971-1980)computersusedverylargescaleintegrated
(VLSI)circuits;achipcontainingmillionsoftransistorsandothercircuit
elements.Thesechipsmadethisgenerationcomputersmorecompact,powerful,fast
andaffordable.TheprogramminglanguageslikeC,C++,DBASEwerealsousedin
thisgeneration.
Infifthgeneration(1980-tilldate)computers,theVLSItechnologywasreplaced
withULSI(UltraLargeScaleIntegration).Itmadepossibletheproductionof
microprocessor chipswithtenmillionelectroniccomponents.Thisgeneration
computersusedparallelprocessinghardwareandAI(Artificial Intelligence)
software.TheprogramminglanguagesusedinthisgenerationwereC,C++,Java,
.Net,etc

13. What is Computer Networking?
Anetworksetupbyconnectingtwoormorecomputersandother
supportinghardwaredevicesthroughcommunication channelsis
calledacomputernetwork.Itenablescomputerstocommunicate
witheachotherandtosharemessages.
PopularComputerNetworks:
LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)
WideAreaNetwork(WAN)

14. What is the Internet?

15. What is the Internet?
Modem:oftenprovidedbyyour
ISPwhichenablesanetwork
accesstotheinternet.In
some cases ISPs provide
“hybrid” modem/router
combination.
Router:actsasthe“traffic
director” of a network.
Connects2networks.
Switch:Connects2ormore
devicestogether.

16. Mobile Computing
MobileComputingrefersatechnologythatallowstransmission
ofdata,voiceandvideoviaacomputeroranyotherwireless
enableddevice.
MobileComputingisatechnologythatprovidesanenvironment
thatenablesuserstotransmitdatafromonedeviceto
anotherdevicewithouttheuseofanyphysicallinkorcables
Mobilecomputingreferstotheuseofportablecomputing
devices,suchassmartphones,tablets,laptops,andwearable
devices,inconjunction withwirelessnetworkstoenable
userstoaccessandtransmitinformationwhileonthemove.

17. Key characteristics of mobile computing
1.Portability:Mobiledevicesaredesignedtobelightweight and
compact,allowinguserstocarrythemeasilyandusethemanywhere.
2.Wireless Connectivity:Mobile computing relies onwireless
communication technologies, suchascellularnetworks,Wi-Fi,and
Bluetooth, toconnectdevicestotheinternetandotherdevices
withouttheneedforphysicalcables.
3.LocationAwareness:Manymobiledevicesareequipped withGPS
(GlobalPositioningSystem)orotherlocation-trackingtechnologies,
enablinglocation-basedservicesandapplications.
4.ContextSensitivity:Mobilecomputingapplications canadapttheir
behaviorbasedoncontextualinformationsuchasdeviceorientation,
useractivity,andenvironmentalconditions.
5.PowerEfficiency:Mobiledevicesaredesignedtoconservebattery
power,employingenergy-savingtechniquestomaximizebatterylife
whileprovidingoptimalperformance.

18. Fixed vs. Wireless Networks in Mobile Computing

19. IBM Simon
IBM Simon
IBM Simon
IBM Simon,
2nd Nov 1993
PDA
-IBMSimonwidelyregardedas
oneofthefirstdevicesthat
could be termed a
“smartphone”–howeveritis
importanttonotethatwhen
itwaslaunched, itwas
characterised asaPDAwith
communication capabilities
viaacellularconnection.
ItwastheresultofIBM's
desiretodesigna"computer
thatcouldfitinyourshirt
pocket

20. History : Mobile technology and communicaton

21. History : Mobile technology and communicaton contd.

22. evolution of wireless communication from 1G to 5G
First Generation(1G) Technology
The main feature of 1G technology was the ability to make calls from any location.
Second Generation(2G) Technology
2G technology was based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) which allowed for digital
encryption of communications.
2G also made it possible for phone networks to track the exact location of a user and allowed roaming
between different networks.
2G also allowed for the development of mobile internet and mobile commerce.
data transfer speeds up to 64 Kbit/s

23. evolution of wireless communication from 1G to 5G
Third Generation(3G) Technology
The main features of 3G technology are that it allows users to access high-speed data services,
such as streaming audio and video and making video calls.
It also offers improved coverage, allowing users to stay connected in areas where 2G service may
be poor.
In addition, 3G technology allows for higher data transfer speeds, making it ideal for accessing the
Internet, downloading large files, and streaming multimedia content.
Finally, 3G technology is more energy efficient than 2G systems, allowing for longer battery life.
data transfer speed 300 kbps to 3 Mbps

24. evolution of wireless communication from 1G to 5G
Fourth Generation(4G) Technology
4G offers a much more reliable signal and connection when compared to previous generations.
Its improved signal strength and data transfer speeds allow users to enjoy faster browsing and
streaming experiences.
Moreover, 4G technology allows for a better quality of voice calls.
In addition, 4G networks are better equipped to handle data-intensive activities like gaming,
streaming videos, and sending large documents. It also supports a variety of services, including
Location-Based services (LBS), Mobile TV, and VoIP
data transfer speed upto 100 Mbps

25. evolution of wireless communication from 1G to 5G
Fifth Generation(5G) Technology
5G technology is the latest generation of wireless technology and is currently being
rolled out. It is capable of handling data transmissions of up to 10Gb/s, which is 100
times faster than 4G technology.
This technology will enable users to access the internet more quickly, stream videos in
ultra-high definition, and access virtual and augmented reality applications.
●5G can provide speeds of up to 10 Gbps,which is up to 100 times faster than the average
home broadband connection. This means that users can enjoy high-quality streaming
services without any buffering or lag.
●It also offers low latency, which is important for applications such as gaming and virtual
reality.
●5G is also capable of supporting a massive number of devices and users simultaneously.

26. Simple reference model

27. Analog and digital signals
Analog Signal-the physical quantities such as current or
voltage varies continuously with time.
Digital Signal-the physical quantities such as current or
voltage can have only one of the two possible values at a
time. Either 0’s or 1’s

28. Multiplexing in Mobile Computing
Multiplexing is a method that can be used to combine multiple
analog or digital signals into one signal over a shared medium.
The main motive behind the development of Multiplexing is to
provide simple and easy communication, proper resource sharing
and its utilization.
This is the best way to utilize and share a limited resource
equally among multiple devices.

29. Classification of multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) -FDM's most common
applications are a traditional radio or television broadcasting
or cable television
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) -telephone services
Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) -Cell Phone Spectrum
Technology
Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) -It is used in GSM (Global
Service for Mobile) Technology.

30. past vs present mobile computing
1.Hardware
2.Connectivity
3.Operating Systems
4.Applications
5.User Experience
6.Multimedia

31. Future of mobile computing
1. 5G and Beyond
2. Foldable and Flexible Displays
3. Artificial Intelligence Integration
4. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
5. Wearable Computing
6. Internet of Things Integration
7. Privacy and Security Enhancements
8. Edge Computing

32. Understanding virtual reality and augmented reality
Virtual reality (VR) and
Augmented reality (AR) are
two technologies that are
changing the way we use
screens, creating new and
exciting interactive
experiences.
VRuses a headset to place
you in a computer-generated
world that you can explore.
AR takes digital images and
layers them on the real world
around you through the use of
smartphone.

33. Different mobile os and Android versions
1. Android
2. iOS
3. Windows 10 Mobile
4. KaiOS
5. Tizen

34. conclusion
1. Evolution: Mobile computing has transitioned from basic feature phones to
sophisticated smartphones, expanding capabilities and transforming communication.
2. Advancements: Current mobile technology integrates high -speed connectivity like
5G and AI-driven experiences, enhancing productivity and connectivity.
3. Future Trends: Innovations such as foldable displays and augmented reality are
poised to redefine mobile computing, offering new levels of interaction and
functionality.
4. Impact: Mobile computing continues to shape daily life, driving innovation across
industries and enabling seamless access to information and services on the go.

35. questions