Patho-physiology of Atherosclerosis.pptx

Atherosclerosis is an artery disease that occur because of bad cholesterol and it is cure by healthy diet and healthy lifestyle and some medications. And its a condition that occur in diabetic patient, obesity, high blood pressure. It is because of plaque formation in Wall of arteries.

1. Patho-physiology of Atherosclerosis

2. Presented to: Mam Aqsa Farooq Presented by: Javaria Fatima (22) Department: Nutritional sciences

3. Pathophysiology: Definition Pathophysiology is the study of the disturbance of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease,  or condition that may not qualify to be called a disease. It studies the effects of a disease, illness, or injury.

4. Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls. This buildup is called plaque . The plaque can cause arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.

5. Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis Hypercholesterolemia is considered one of the main triggers of atherosclerosis. The increase in plasma cholesterol levels results in changes of the arterial endothelial permeability that allow the migration of lipids, especially LDL-C particles, into the arterial wall.

6. Types of Plaque in Atherosclerosis There are 2 types of Plaque Stable Plaque Unstable plaque

7. Stable Plaque( Hard )   The stable plaques are less likely to rupture. Stable atherosclerotic plaque builds up over time and causes arteries to become hardened. It can lead to narrowing of the arteries over time, so much so that eventually blood flow to the heart and other organs is restricted. This obstructive stable plaque can be detected and treated.

8. Unstable Plaque( Soft ) Unstable plaques can rupture and lift off the artery wall, leading to an acute event such as heart attack, stroke or death. Unstable plaques are potentially more dangerous than stable plaques because of their propensity to rupture and cause complete obstruction to blood flow.

9. Etiology (causes) The etiology of atherosclerosis is unknown, but there are multiple factors that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression . These include genetic and acquired factors. Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation

10. Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of: how often diseases occur in people and why. information is used to evaluate strategies to prevent illness Epidemiological studies have revealed several environmental and genetic risk factors that are associated with the early formation of a pathogenic foundation for atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking.

11. Who effect the most Over the age of 40,  Most people over the age of 60 have some atherosclerosis, but often do not have noticeable symptoms . Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide, yet more men die from atherosclerosis than women, and at a younger age.

12. The AHA recommends avoiding these foods for ideal heart health: high-fat dairy products. fatty meats. processed meats. processed foods. foods and beverages with added sugars. food high in sodium. alcohol .  higher protein diets are associated with more atherosclerosis

13. Treatment Treatment lifestyle changes medications procedures or surgeries

14. Depending on the location of your atherosclerosis: you may see a cardiologist (heart ) nephrologist ( kidneys) neurologist (brain and spine) or vascular surgeon (blood vessels)

15. Can atherosclerosis be prevented ? Eat foods low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium (salt) and sugar. Get regular physical activity Keep a weight that's healthy for you Manage any health conditions, especially diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Don't use tobacco products.