Pathophysiology of pleural effusion

Patho

1. VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY




















Risk Factors:
Smoking (9 years)
Family history of tuberculosis


Invasion of bacteria in the body
Stimulate MAST
cells in the lungs
WBC and its
component go to
the site of infection
Increase vascular
permeability
Crackles on posterior
chest heard bilaterally
upon auscultation
(January 21, 2012)
Productive cough,
greenish in color (January
21, 2012)


Increase mucus
production
Increase stimulation
of goblet cells
Inflammatory process
Release of
chemical mediators
(histamine)
Increase hydrostatic
pressure
Increase and rapid shifting
of fluids to the pleural
space
Increase blood flow in
the site (hyperaemia)
Increased WBC
(15.9 {1/18/2012}
and 18.3
{1/19/2012})
Pale palpebral
conjunctiva and
nails
Easy fatigability
(01/21/2012)
Inadequate supply of
oxygen in body
Difficulty of breathing
(RR=36 breaths/min,
shallow and rapid)
(01/21/2012)
Flaring of nares
Intercostals retraction
Mouth breather


Impairment in the
exchange of gases
(between oxygen and
carbon dioxide)

2. Diminished breath
sounds and difficulty of
breathing
(January 21, 2012)
Compresses the left
lung upward
Increase fluid
collection
RBC (4.98 and 4.47),
HgB (10.1 and 11.1), and
Hct (30% and 35%)
(01/18/2012 and
01/19/2012)
Prolonged bacterial
infection
Irritation of the pleural
spaces occurs
Complaint of chest
pain (01/21/2012)
The heart increases
its rate and
contraction as
compensatory
mechanism of the
body
Heart rate= 119
beats/minute, strong
(01/21/2012)
Not treated promptly
and properly (with
recurrent cough in 5
months
Lysis of red blood
cells occur