Patient Care in Resprtory system OriGinal by sabiq.pptx

Detailed patient care during investigation of respiratory system

1. PATIENT CARE DURING INVESTIGATION IN RESPIRATORY TRACT Name :AHAMMED SABIQ COURSE :BSC MIT 3 RD year Moderator: Mr MIDHUN Date :

2. CONTENTS ANATOMY BASIC RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT PATIENT CARE IN X RAY CT MRI PULMONARY AND BRONCHIAL ANGIOGRAPHY SPECIAL PROCEDURES

3. ANATOMY The lungs are paired pyramid shaped organ located in the chest cavity responsible for gas exchange The right lung has a superior ,middle and inferior lobe left lung has a superior and inferior lobes

4. PATIENT CARE IN RESPIRATORY TRACT BASIC RESPIRATORY ASSESMENT Respiratory specialist would do when the patient presents with symptoms of lung condition Understand the details of respiratory assessment and have an awareness of some of investigations which can access with diagnosis

5. INVESTIGATION IN RESPIRATORY TRACT THIS INCLUDE; Taking a history
Main symptoms.
Changes in breathing pattern.
Medical assessment.
Further investigations

6. Investigation of respiratory tract Radiographic procedure X ray CT scan MRI Pulmonary And bronchial Angiography

7. PATIENT CARE DURING PRE INVESTIGATION OF X RAY Patient identification ; Confirm patient name , age and procedure request Explain the procedure explain that it is a painless , quick test using low dose radiation to view the lungs Check for pregnancy Clothing and accessories Remove metal objects Access the patient’s condition

8. PATIENT CARE DURING INVESTIGATION OF X RAY Proper positioning Usually done in PA and lateral view For bedside patients portable x ray in AP view Breathing instructions Ask the patient to take a deep breathe and hold it during exposure Support and reassurance Help anxious , elderly or paediatrics patients remain calm and still Radiation safety Use lead apron

9. PATIENT CARE DURING POST INVESTIGATION OF X RAY Assist the patient Help the patient to dress or return to their bed/wheelchair if needed Observe for discomfort Especially if the patient has difficulty breathing or fatigue Report handling Guide the patient on where and when to collect the report

10. CHEST X RAY CXR is a simple and non-invasive method of producing an image of the chest to show the airways, lungs, heart, blood vessels and bones of the rib cage and spine . CXR is produced by exposing the chest to a small dose of radiation Normal air filled lungs let the x-rays pass through so appear black

11. CHEST INDICATION collapsed lung fluid in the lungs Lung infection rib fractures.
Signs of diseases such as emphysema, lung fibrosis, cancer, heart failure

12. PROCEDURE A chest X-ray is a simple procedure usually performed standing.
It is very quick and there should be no discomfort.
The patient may be asked to remove jewellery or some clothing and will be offered a gown to wear during the X-ray.
The patient will be asked to take a deep breath in and to hold it for a few seconds

13. CT (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY)

14. CT (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY) INDICATIONS; To assess equivocal plain X-ray findings Staging of lung neoplasms Metastatic workup of extra thoracic malignancies Diagnosis of lung disease with HRCT Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism Lung cancer Chest trauma Mediastinal and pleural disease

15. CT SCAN PATIENT CARE Remove all metal object Take all your prescribed medication Explain the procedure and make sure the patient have signed the consent form and clarify whether contrast dye will be used and its potential side effects Check for allergies(especially to iodine) Check for creatine level

16. CT SCAN PATIENT CARE For contrast studies fasting for few hours is necessary Use cushions or straps to aid immobility and comfort Provide clear breathing instructions Maintain communication through speaker Observe the patient during scan Encourage hydration to help flush out contrast dye (if any) Record the data of patient Instruct the patient to follow up (if needed)

17. CT SCAN SCANNING TECHNIQUES Standard examination High resolution (HRCT)

18. After care After Ct scan, most people can return to their normal routine immediately. If contrast used you may be asked to wait a short time for observation and may need to drink extra fluid If experiencing any pain redness or swelling at the IV site after returning home contact doctor. For breastfeeding mother wait 24 hours to resume breastfeeding after CT with contrast

19. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING)

20. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING) MRI has the advantage that radiation is avoided Its main indications are visualization the great vessels and the heart It also useful with suspected tumor invasion of the mediastinum and the chest wall

21. INDICATIONS FOR MRI Cystic fibrosis Pulmonary hypertension Airway disease Pulmonary embolism Tumours Mediastinal masses and lymph nodes Lung cancer COPD

22. MRI SCAN PATIENT CARE Nothing metal or electronic is allowed inside MRI room Remove all metal items such as hair clips, jewellery , watches You will be asked to change into a gown Pacemaker is not allowed inside the MRI

23. MRI SCAN Claustrophobia patient may need sedation If contrast is needed Check for renal function test Assess for contrast allergy Establish IV access

24. AFTER CARE Most individual can immediately resume normal activities If sedative is used patient should avoid driving or heavy machinery for 24 hrs If contrast is used avoid alcohol and heavy machinery for at least 24hrs Monitor for reaction like nausea ,headache or cold sensation at injection site Check iv site for infection or reaction

25. OTHER PROCEDUERS PULMONARY AND BRONCHIAL ANGIOGRAPHY They are diagnostic imaging procedures used to visualize the blood vessels of the lungs Specifically pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries using contrast material and fluoroscopy Techniques for imaging vessels and are only used if less invasive technique ( contrast CT/ MRI) fail or need to be confirmed

26. Special procedures BRONCHOSCOPY
BRONCHOGRAPHY THORACOSCOPY LUNG BIOPSY

27. BRONCHOSCOPY Bronchoscopy is a endoscopic technique Uses a thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope to examine the airways and lungs It can be used for both diagnosis and treatment of various lung conditions The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth down the throat and into the lung

28. Patient care Before the procedure Fasting ; patients are typically instructed not to eat or drink for 6 to 12 hrs Informed consent ; patient need to understand the procedure its risks and benefits and provide informed consent During the procedure ; Sedation ; help the patient relax and manage discomfort Local anaesthesia ; minimize discomfort during scope insertion Airway management ; oxygen is administrated After the procedure ; numbness, diet , sore throat

29. BRONCHOGRAPHY Medical imaging procedure where a radiopaque contrast material is introduced into the airways to visualize the bronchial tree

30. Patient care Pre-procedure ; Removal of metal items fasting : patient need to fast for several hours to minimize the risk of aspiration Medication; Discontinue medication like aspirin or blood thinners During the procedure; Local anesthesia ; to numb the throat and airways making it more comfort Contrast injection; contrast is injected through catheter or bronchoscope Patient monitoring; vital signs including heart and breathing

31. Patient care Post-procedure ; Monitoring; patient is monitored in recovery area until the gag reflux returns No eating or drinking ; until the gag reflux returns to prevent aspiration Diet; a normal diet after the gag reflux is returns Pain management ; if needed pain medication may be prescribed for throat discomfort

32. THORACOSCOPY Medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy and drainage of disease or masses within the pleural cavity usually with video assistance performed either under general anaesthesia or under sedation with local anaesthetic.

33. Patient care Pre-procedure ; Fasting ;patient need to avoid eating or drinking for a specific period Preparation: Patients will be given a gown to wear and may need to remove items like glasses, watches, and jewelry . Post-Procedure: Monitoring: Patients are closely monitored in the recovery area as the anesthesia wears off

34. LUNG BIOPSY A procedure to collect lung tissue for examination under a microscope, helping to diagnose lung diseases, including cancer. It can be done using various methods, including needle biopsy (through the skin or trachea), or open biopsy (surgery). The tissue sample is analyzed to identify the cause of lung problems and guide treatment decisions.

35. Patient care Explain the purpose of the biopsy, risks, Obtain informed written consent after addressing all patient concerns.
Check for bleeding disorders or use of blood thinners
Continuously monitor vital signs
Provide supplemental oxygen if needed.
Strict sterile procedures to prevent infection
Mild discomfort is expected; analgesics may be given.
Instruct patient to report sharp or worsening pain

36. REFERENCE MRI CATHERINE

37. Thank you