Patient education Urinary Tract Infection

1. PATIENT EDUCATION URINARY TRACT INFECTION Issue 1






Urinary Tract
infection
Fall 2016



WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

JOCELYN MORA
Before discussing what a urinary
tract infection is, lets discuss what
makes the urinary tract. The
urinary tract is composed of the
kidneys, bladder, urethra, and
ureters (National Institution of
Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Disease, et al., 2011).
Urine is made from the kidneys,
and when it is time to pee, they are
passed down from the kidneys,
down the ureters, which flow into
the bladder. It is stored in the
bladder and later released from the
body through the urethra (National
Institution of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Disease, et
al., 2011).
Interesting information:
Urine is actually very clean and
germ-free. However, when
bacteria find its way to the
bladder, it can infect the urine and
the whole urinary tract (Torphy,
Schwarts, & Golub, 2012)
Where does the bacteria come
from?
The most common bacteria that
causes UTI’s comes from the
bowel; feces. The bacteria is
called Escherichia coli; or to make
it shorter E. Coli (National
Institution of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Disease, et
al., 2011).
The bacteria attaches itself to the
urinary tract lining and begins to
multiply (2011). The bacteria
works its way down from the
urethra and all the way up to the
kidneys (2011).
Signs and symptoms one can feel
are (Torphy, Schwarts, & Golub,
2012):
Burning when peeing
Frequent urination
Accidental pee leakage
Foul smell (which can
indicate serious infection)
Blood in urine is also a
possibility.
Please note that these are the
most common symptoms, not the
only.
Urinary tract infections should
not be taken likely. If left
untreated and ignored, it can cause
kidney damage and possibly
kidney failure (Rane & Dasgupta,
2013).
If suspected, it is recommended to
see primary physician, or a local
clinic to be further examined.

2. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 2







Catheter associated urinary tract
infections are the most common
hospital-acquired infection
Barbadoro, et al., 2015). About
70-80% of infections are caused
by indwelling urethral catheters.
Each new day that passes, there is
a 5 % increase the urinary catheter
will have bacteria (Rane &
Dasgupta, 2013).
Risks of developing a CAUTI:
(Rane, & Dasgupta, 2013)
Kidney damage
Poor catheter insertion by
patient or staff
Poor catheter care
Colonization of the
drainage bag.
Studies have shown a
significant relationship
between long-term catheter-
associated UTI and death
(Rane & Dasgupta, 2013).
How can one prevent
CAUTI’s?
Most important is
technique, insert the
catheter under sterile
conditions and with plenty
of lubrication (2013).
If you do not see your provider
clean their hands, please ask them
to do so.
Insert catheters only when
needed and remove as soon
as possible.
Be sure the skin where the
catheter is being inserted is
being clean!
If one has a foully, empty
bag regularly. Make sure
the drainage spout does not
Who can develop a urinary tract infection: (Rane & Dasgupta, 2013)
Men are more at risk after the age of 50.
o Usually related to prostate problems.
Uncircumcised males, are at a higher risk of developing a UTI than circumcised males.
o Boys are affected much more commonly the first year of life.
Urinary tract infection is also a very common infection among patients the diabetes.

Women have a higher risk of developing a urinary tract infection: (The New York Times, 2016)
Sexual behavior: 80 percent of urinary tract infections can occur within the first 24 hours of intercourse.
Contraception: Certain contraception’s can increase likelihood of urinary tract infection.
Antibiotics: Certain medication can remove the good bacteria, that protects and keeps the vagina healthy, as well as the bad.
bacteria. Which in result can cause an overgrowth of E-coli bacteria (bad bacteria) in the vagina.
CAUTI’s (Catheter-Associated Urinary tract infections).

Here is an image provided of what a
Catheter looks inserted in both female
and male.

3. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3


touch anything while
emptying the bag (“Center
of disease control”).
Only use urinary catheters
for appropriate indications
(Katie Moor, & Kelly
Spense, 2014).

Staying health and preventing
Urinary tract infections.
The best and most common way to
prevent a urinary tract infection is
good hygiene practice. This will
prevent any bacteria from entering the
urinary tract (Urinary tract infection,
2009). Recommendations listed below
include (2009):
Keeping genitals, urinary, and
anus clean is another important
prevention factor; for both
men and women.
Drinking plenty of fluids,
specifically water to flush out
the bacteria.
Women wiping front to back
to avoid the spread of bacteria
from the anus.
Never holding the urge to go
to the bathroom. Always make
sure to empty the bladder
properly, especially if using a
catheter.
Please note these are but a few of
the recommendations listed to
avoid infection.










Cranberries:
A common remedy is taking
cranberry juice in order to treat or
prevent urinary tract infections.
There is no evidence that proves
that cranberries can effectively treat
urinary tract infections (Rane &
Dasgupta, 2013). There is however,
evidence that suggests that it does
help in prevention; specifically, in
women. (2013).
Cochrane review:
A form of study was done over a
12-month period in order to view
the results cranberries had on
UTI’s. What was discovered was
there was a huge reduction in UTI’s
when taken daily (Rane &
Dasgupta, 2013).
When taking cranberry products, its
recommended to take unsweetened
juice at 250-500 ml (2013).
Other ways one can take cranberry
is through capsule form (2013).
It is recommended to take
two to three times a day for
prevention (2013).



Conclusion:
Though considered very common, and
non-spreadable, it is best to take
precautions in order to prevent a
urinary tract infection (Urinary Tract
Infection, 2009).
Millions of people become infected
each year, one out of five women will
have a urinary tract infection (Urinary
Tract Infection, 2009).
With proper education and sanitation,
one can prevent urinary tract
infections before they begin.
Interesting information:
When males experience
urinary tract infections, it is
usually a result of something
blocking the normal flow of
urine in the body (kidney stone
or enlarge prostate) (Urinary
Tract Infections, 2009).
Women experience more
urinary tract infections due to
having a shorter urethra that is
closer to the anus than males.
This gives bacteria a shorter
distance to travel in order to
enter the urinary tract (2009).

There is a great assocation
between the amount of sex an
individual has and urinary
tract infections. However, not
between the amount of
partners one has and UTI’s
(Rane, & Gasgupta, 2013)

Bubble baths do not increase
risk of UTI’s (2013).

4. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 4


References
Center of Disease Control. (n.d). Frequently asked questions: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections.
Available from http://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/uti/ca-uti_tagged.pdf
Moore, K., & Spence, K. (2014). Urinary Tract Infections. Hospital Medicine Clinics. 3.
Retrieved from https://www-clinicalkey-com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-
S2211594313000531?returnurl=null&referrer=null
National Institution of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease., National Kidney and Urologic Disease
Information Clearninghouse., National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney
Disease., (2011). Urinary Tract infection in children. Retrieved from
http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/gpo22969/UTIs_in_Children_508.pdf
Barbadoro, P., Labricciosa, M. F., Recanatini, C., Gori, G., Tirabassi, F., Martini, E., Gioia, G. M., D’Errico, M.
M., & Prospero, E. (2015). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: Role of the Setting of Catheter
insertion. American Journal Infection Control. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/science/article/pii/S0196655315001078
Rane, A., & Dasgupta R. (2013). Urinary Tract Infections: Clinical Perspectives on Urinary Tract Infections.
Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4471-4709-1
The New York Times. (2016). Health Guide: Urinary Tract Infections Adults. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/urinary-tract-infection/overview.html
Torphy, M. J., Schwarts, A. L., & Golub, M. R. (2012). JAMA Patient Page: Urinary Tract Infections. JAMA,
307. Retrieved from
http://jamanetwork.com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/1150097
Urinary Tract infections. (2009). Health Diseases and Conditions, 4. Retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/yosi/Desktop/Special%20project%20UTI/urinary%20tract%20infections%20#6.PDF

5. PATIENT EDUCATION URINARY TRACT INFECTION Issue 1