Patient preparation for radiological procedure

usg and x ray

1. PATIENT PREPARATION FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURE NUR FARRA NAJWA BINTI ABDUL AZIM 082015100035

2. RADIOGRAPH

3. INTRODUCTION An X-ray (also called radiography) is a painless test Used T o see inside the body D ifferentiate between soft tissues and dense matter For locating fractures and infections in the bones Detecting benign or cancerous tumors, arthritis, blocked blood vessels, or tooth decay. For diagnosing digestive tract problems or swallowed foreign objects. Knowing what to expect and how to prepare patient for the procedure, it can make the process go more smoothly and patient less anxious .

4. GENERAL NOTES History Any admission Child bearing age/pregnant Consent Privacy Previous film and note review Intervention , risk of bleeding? Bowel cleaning Premedication Through explanation.

5. 1) CONSULTATION BEFORE THE PROCEDURE It is essential before getting an X-ray, especially if they are breastfeeding or might be pregnant . Small amounts of radiation will be exposed that can be dangerous for the developing fetus. Depending on the circumstance, another imaging test might be used to avoid radiation.

6. 2) NEED FOR FASTING Depending on the type of X-ray test Usually only for certain X-rays of digestive tract. Fasting normally requires to not eat or drink for eight to 12 hours before test. If regularly take medication and are required to fast before an X-ray, take the medicine only with a small sip of water.

7. 3) ATTIRE Dress comfortably for an x-ray Loose clothing that can easily remove If receiving a chest x-ray , will normally undress from the waist up. In this case, a hospital gown is to be wear during the exam.

8. 4) REMOVE ALL JEWELRY, GLASSES, AND METAL OBJECTS It is best to leave jewelry at home. Glasses need to remove these as well.

9. 5) EMPTY BLADDER PRIOR Procedure for an abdominal x-ray Do not drink excessively on the morning of the procedure.

10. 6) DRINK A CONTRAST MEDIUM  Some X-ray tests require to drink a contrast medium that helps outline a specific area of body on the X-ray image Drink a solution of barium or iodine. Swallow a pill. Receive an injection

11. 7) SOME MANEUVER Holding breath to show up more clearly chest and lung on the x-ray image. To hold still and/or move to different positions. Body position between the machine and a plate that creates the digital image. May be asked to move in different positions so front and side views can be captured.

12. 8) PAIN ? An X-ray is a painless procedure during which X-ray beams pass through body and record an image. This procedure usually takes minutes for bone X-rays but can go longer if a contrast medium is used .

13. BONE X-RAY If there is pain from an injury, give medication for pain before the x-ray, as the technologist may need to move bones and joints for the procedure. Used to Screen for bone cancer or other tumors, To locate foreign objects in soft tissues around and/or in the bones. No special preparation is required Take about five to ten minutes to complete. An image of the unaffected limb may be taken for comparison.

14. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT X-RAY An upper gi tract x-ray helps diagnose symptoms such as Difficulty swallowing, Chest and abdominal pain, Acid reflux, Unexplained vomiting, Severe indigestion, In the stool. To detect ulcers, tumors, hernias, intestinal blockage, and inflammation. KUB Which is a plain x-ray of abdomen. U ses a special x-ray called fluoroscopy, Visualize the internal organs in motion.

15. Cont. A barium contrast solution to be taken prior to the exam. Typically need to fast for eight to 12 hours prior to the test. Empty bladder before the exam Takes about 20 minutes to complete. Side effect Bloating feeling Constipation Stool might turn gray or white from the contrast medium for 48 to 72 hours after the procedure.

16. LOWER GI TRACT X-RAY Examines the colon, the appendix and possibly a small portion of the small intestine. Also uses fluoroscopy and a barium contrast To diagnose symptoms such as Chronic diarrhea, Blood in stool, constipation, Unexplained weight loss, Bleeding and abdominal pain. To detect benign tumors, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, or blockage of the large intestine. Required to fast after midnight and to only drink clear liquids such as juice, tea, black coffee, cola, or broth.

17. Cont. Need to take a laxative to clean out colon the night before the exam. To empty bladder before the exam if possible. A lower GI tract x-ray takes about 30-60 minutes to complete. Side effect Abdominal pressure or minor cramping. After the exam, a laxative given to wash the barium out of system.

18. JOINT X-RAY (An arthrography ) Special x-ray used to diagnose conditions that affect joints. There are two types of arthrography imaging: indirect and direct. Indirect arthrography requires contrast material to be injected into the blood stream. Direct arthrography requires contrast material to be directly injected into the joint. The procedure can be done to look for Abnormalities, Pain or discomfort in the different joints Arthrography may also be done using computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

19. Cont. Some cases need to fast, but only if a sedative to be given. U sually takes about 30 minutes. Side effect a pinprick feeling Burning feeling A pressure or pain when the needle is injected into the joint.

20. ULTRASONOGRAPHY

21. INTRODUCTION Ultrasound imaging ( sonography ) , involves exposing part of the body to high-frequency sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body.

22. 1) PATIENT SAFETY Any allergies or adverse reactions to medications.

23. 2) PREPARATION FOR THE EXAM The technologist will verify identification and exam requested. The preparation depend on the type of ultrasound procedure Some preparations include drinking a quart of water before the test to obtain better images. For a biopsy , do not eat or drink anything past midnight the night before the exam.

24. 3) DURING THE EXAM The duration of the exam will vary, but the average is about 30-60 minutes. The technologist will position on the exam table A small amount of water-soluble gel is applied to the skin over the area to be examined. A hand-held instrument is placed against the gel on body . This instrument will be moved across the area being examined.

25. 4) AFTER THE EXAM normal activities can be resume as soon as procedure finish.

26. (Liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, pancreas, abdominal aorta, biliary system) Exam time: 30 min; visit time about 1-1/2 hours) Adults: Do not eat or drink eight hours before exam. Children: Do not eat or drink four hours before study or skip one meal. Take medications with a small sip of water. If you are diabetic, please take your insulin.

27. (Uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder) Exam time: 30 min; visit time about 1-1/2 hours Include transvaginal ultrasound for females. Eat normally. One hour before exam, drink 32 ounces of water. Do not empty bladder before exam.

28. Bladder Ultrasound For both male and female patients One hour before exam, drink 32 ounces of water.

29. Prostate- Transrectal Ultrasound Two hours before exam, do a cleansing with a Fleet enema Follow preparations for prostate ultrasound.

30. Transvaginal Ultrasound Drink 32 ounces of any liquid one hour before the exam. Do not urinate before the exam Arrive for at the exam with a full bladder.

31. Hysterosonogram No unprotected sexual relations during the first 10 days of menstrual cycle.

32. Ultrasound breast biopsy M ust be off aspirin, blood thinners and vitamin E for seven days prior to biopsy.

33. Liver biopsy / paracentesis / thoracentesis / prostate biopsy Do not eat or drink after midnight the day before biopsy. M ust be off aspirin, blood thinners and vitamin E for seven days before biopsy.