PATTERNS AND DEVELOPMENT.pptx...........

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1. PATTERNS AND DEVELOPMENT Lesson 4

2. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: A. Identify the different patterns of development. B. Find out the features of each pattern of development; and C. Write paragraphs using different patterns of development

3. Writing Paragraphs A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea. As an independent unit it is complete in itself. It has its beginning, middle and end. As a related unit, it is a part of a composition that is combined with another paragraphs to make larger composition. An effective paragraph shows the unity of the sentences used in developing the main idea. A paragraph is made up of the topic sentence which contains the main idea, the supporting details and the conclusions or the clinching sentence is at the end.

4. Methods or Techniques in Paragraph Development Narration Comparison and Contrast Description Cause and Effect Definition Problem- solving Classification Persuation

5. Narration Basic pattern of development. It gives a written account of an event or story, or simply storytelling. The sequence of events is told in chronological order. Narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and establishes facts. It describes how, when and where an event occurrence actually happened.

6. Narration It is the most common type of paragraph development. It has the following elements: Setting Characters Plot Point of View

7. Description It gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in the mind of the reader. It appeals to the researcher’s senses. SIGNAL WORDS FOR DESCRITION Sight Sound Smell Touch Taste Glossy Whisper Pungent Smooth Bitter Dazzling Sneeze Fresh Clammy Spicy Cloudy Hiss Fruity Furry Sweet Bright Yelp Rotten Sticky Sour

8. Definition It explains the concept, term or subject. Its amin purpose is to tell what something is. Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a paragraph by definition, you should take account of these things. Term to be defined The class to which the term belong The characteristics that distinguish the term from the other members of its class.

9. Take a look at this example of definition: An owl is a bird with large head, strong talons and has a nocturnal habit. Owl- is the term to be defined Bird- is the class where the owls belongs - with the large head, strong talons and has a nocturnal habit - are the characteristics that distinguish the owl from the other birds.

10. Different Types of Definitions: 1. Formal Definition- the definitions provided in dictionaries. 2. Informal Definition- the three common informal definitions are operational definitions, synonyms, and connotations. SIGNAL WORDS: “is defined as” “to define” “as defined” “refers to” “to illustrate”

11. Classifications It groups the items into categories to establish a clear classifications between related or similar ideas. In classification paragraph , you tell readers how a collection of items can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items,( people, things, ideas) into categories. SIGNAL WORDS: Aspects Kinds Qualities Can be categorized Systems Type

12. Comparison and Contrast A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. A comparison and contrast paragraph , has a unifying idea or purpose of attempting to weight decisions between two ideas or subjects. It may be balanced such a way that there is an equal amount of information for each subject to avoid bias. SIGNAL WORDS FOR COMPARING CONTRASTING Also likewise Although despite to compare Similarly but on the other hand

13. Cause and Effect A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. Cause and Effect paragraphs are written in different purposes: To discuss why a certain phenomenon occurs To discuss the results of phenomenon, event, feeling or action. To understand a situation/ to solve a problem To predict an outcome To entertain To persuade

14. Signal Words for Cause and Effect For As a result Due to Because For this reason Consequently Otherwise Therefore Since But So

15. Problem- Solving It is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions. Problem- solution paragraphs, as the term implies, presents and identifies a problem and proposes possible solution/s. STRUCTURE OF PROBLEM- SOLUTION PAPER 1. Introduction 2. Problem paragraph 3. Solution paragraph 4. Conclusion

16. SIGNAL WORDS FOR PROBLEM-SOLUTION But First, second Nonetheless The problem The solution One reason

17. Persuasion It intends to convinced readers to do or believe in something. A persuasive paragraph, tries to convince the reader that a particular point of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another.

18. SIGNAL WORDS FOR PERSUASION GIVE REASONS ANSWER THE OPPOSITION DRAW CONCLUSION First (second, third, etc.) Another, Next Last, finally Because, since, for Although Of course Some may say Nevertheless On the other hand Therefore Thus Hence Consequently Accordingly To sum up

19. PROPERTIES OF A WELL- WRITTEN TEXT (Concept of Organization, Coherence, and Cohesion, Language Use and Mechanics)