PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR BANGALORE

pci

1. PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM FOR BANGALORESYSTEM FOR BANGALORE

2. GENERALGENERAL
2800 km of asphalt surfaced roads
129 km of concrete roads
470 km of metalled roads
75 km of roads with other surfacing
Arterial roads of length 332 km
Sub-arterial roads of length 210 km
Feeder and local roads of length 2958 km

3. DISTRESS PARAMETERSDISTRESS PARAMETERS
Alligator cracking
Block cracking
Distortions
Patching and Utility Cuts
Shoving
Rutting
Ravelling
Potholes

4. Cracking
Rutting
Potholes
General note on:
Condition of footpath
Condition of drainage
Camber condition
SELECTED DISTRESS PARAMETERSSELECTED DISTRESS PARAMETERS

5. PAVEMENT CONDITION RATING PAVEMENT CONDITION RATING
STUDIESSTUDIES
Table 1: Visual Rating ScalesTable 1: Visual Rating Scales
Sl. Sl.
No.No.
Description based on the visual condition of Description based on the visual condition of
pavement surfacepavement surface
Numerical Numerical
ScaleScale
1.
Perfectly even surface, without undulations,
cracking patching or rutting
8 - 10
2.
Slightly uneven surface with some undulations
well patches potholes, no cracking, no rutting
6 - 8
3.
Moderately uneven surface, visible patching,
slight cracking and rutting
4 – 6
4.
Uneven surface with improperly patched potholes,
medium cracking and rutting
2 - 4
5.
Uneven surface with different type of undulations,
unpatched and badly patched potholes, heavy
cracking and deep rutting
0 - 2

6. Table 2: Riding Rating ScalesTable 2: Riding Rating Scales
Sl. Sl.
No.No.
Riding comfortRiding comfort
Numerical Numerical
ScaleScale
Remarks on Remarks on
Road ConditionRoad Condition
1.
Without discomfort, perfect
smooth riding
8 - 10 Very good
2.
Little distortion, fairly
smooth riding
6 - 8 Good
3.
Medium distortion, fair to
uneven riding
4 - 6 Satisfactory
4.
Heavy distortion,
uncomfortable riding
2 - 4 Bad
5.
Intolerable heavy vibration,
too much unevenness
0 - 2 Very Bad

7. PERIODICITY OF PAVEMENT RENEWALPERIODICITY OF PAVEMENT RENEWAL
Type of
Treatment/
Category of
Road
Traffic
Intensity
in CVD
PC
+
SC
20
mm
MSS
25
mm
SDBC
25
mm
BC
40
mm
BC
NH / SHs
(Normal)
> 4500 - - - 5/4 5/4
1500-4500 - - 5/4 5/4 -
450-1500 - 5/4 5/4 - -
< 450 5/4 5/4 - - -
NH / SHs
(Urban)
> 4500 - - - 4/3 4/3
1500-4500 - - 4/3 4/3 -
450-1500 4/3 4/3 4/3 - -
< 450 4/3 4/3 - - 4/3

8. SURFACE DISTRESS MEASUREMENTSSURFACE DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS
Severity of Cracking:
L: Light: Fine cracks filled or non-filled less
than 3 mm wide.
M: Medium: Network of cracks with some
spalls or non-filled cracks more than 3 mm
but less than 6 mm wide or non-filled cracks
surrounded by light random cracking.
H: Heavy: Well defined pieces that may rock
under traffic and spalled at the edges or any
crack surrounded by random cracking or
non-filled crack more than 6 mm wide.

9. Density of Cracking
Measured in square metres of total surface
area
Distress Distress
TypeType
Density LevelDensity Level
LL MM HH
Cracking0 – 10 %10 – 20 % > 20 %

10. Severity of Rutting
L: Light: Less than 5mm depth
M: Medium: 5mm to 10mm depth
H: Heavy: More than 10mm depth
Density of Rutting
Measured in square metres of total area
Distress Distress
TypeType
Density LevelDensity Level
LL MM HH
Rutting0 – 10 %10 – 20 % > 20 %

11. Severity of Potholes
L: Light: less than 5 cm depth and 15 cm
diameter
M: Medium: 5 cm to 10 cm depth with a
diameter 15 to 30 cm
H: Heavy: more than 10 cm depth with a
diameter more than 30 cm
Density of Potholes (of size less than 0.09
sq.m and depth less than 5 cm)
Low: Less than 5 pot holes / km
Medium: 5-10 potholes / km
High: More than 10 potholes / km

12. DEDUCT VALUESDEDUCT VALUES
Values that represent the condition of the
existing pavement, i.e. the amount of
distress that a present pavement has
undergone or is subjected to.
Serves as a type of weighting factor that
indicates the size of the effect that the
particular distress type has on the pavement
condition
Can be used as a quantifiable indication of
the amount of damage for each distress
type.

13. Deduct Values for Cracking
Severity Level
Density of Distress
L M H
L 10 30 50
M 30 50 70
H 50 70 90

14. Deduct Values for Ruts and Potholes
Severity Level
Density of Distress
L M H
L 10 20 30
M 20 30 40
H 30 40 50
NOTE: On severely distressed pavements with multiple distress
parameters, the total deduct value can actually exceed 100. Thus,
under the philosophy that pavement with two distresses with deduct
values of 35 each is not in as bad a state as a pavement with a single
distress parameter with a deduct value of 70, a series of curves have
been developed for correcting the total deduct value.

15. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200
Total Deduct Value
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1 32
Corrected Deduct Value Curves Depending
on Number of Distress Parameters

16. PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEXPAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX
numerical indicator of present pavement
condition that is directly related to the
pavement surface operational condition
function of the type of distress, severity of
distress and the density of distress
meaningful condition index is impossible if
any of these three distress characteristics
are ignored

17. PCI is meant to provide
An index of present condition in terms of both
structural integrity and surface operational
condition
An objective, rational basis for determining
maintenance and rehabilitation needs and
priorities, and
A warning system for early identification or
projection of major repair requirements.

18. PCI = 100 – CDV PCI = 100 – CDV (CDV = Corrected Deduct Value)(CDV = Corrected Deduct Value)
Range of PCI and Appropriate
Maintenance Intervention to be Adopted
PCI Rating
Type of
Maintenance
80-100 Very Good
Preventive/
Resurfacing
60-80 Good Thin Overlay
40-60 Fair Thick Overlay
20-40 Poor Strengthening
< 20 Very Poor Rehabilitation

19. CRITERIA FOR MAINTENANCE CRITERIA FOR MAINTENANCE
INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION
Sl. Sl.
No.No.
Category Category
of Roadof Road
Deterioration Deterioration
of PCI / of PCI /
yearyear
##
Limiting Value of PCI Limiting Value of PCI
and Unevenness and Unevenness
Index (UI) Index (UI)
1. Arterial 10 PCI of 80 and UI of
3000 mm / km
2. Sub –
Arterial
5 PCI of 60 and UI of
4000 mm / km
3.Local and
Collector
3 PCI of 40 and UI of
5000 mm / km

20. NOTE: The deterioration of PCI value per year
is based on traffic intensity expected on
different categories of road. However, these
values of deterioration shall not be
considered in the following cases:
On roads where road cutting has been taken
up after the initial PCI value was calculated
and reported
On roads where there is leakage of
underground water supply and sewer lines
On roads which are structurally inadequate

21. CRITERIA FOR STRENGTHENINGCRITERIA FOR STRENGTHENING
Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) studies
to be carried out and the overlay to be
designed in accordance with the guidelines
laid down in IRC: 81 – 1997.
BBD studies need to be carried out only for
Arterial and Sub – arterial roads and not for
other categories of roads.
Strengthening of pavement not to be taken
up for local and collector streets, only
resurfacing to be provided when the limiting
criteria for PCI and UI are reached.

22. DATA SHEET FOR THE PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY FOR DATA SHEET FOR THE PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY FOR
BITUMINOUS ROADSBITUMINOUS ROADS
ROAD: SECTION:
DATE:  SURVEYOR:
Type of
Distress
Severity of Distress Density of Distress
LIGHT (L) MEDIUM (M) HEAVY (H) LOW (L) MEDIUM (M) HIGH (H)
1. CRACKING      
2. RUTTING      
3. POTHOLES      
COMMENTS
CONDITION OF FOOTPATH 
CONDITION OF DRAINS 
CAMBER CONDITION

23. CALCULATION OF PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX
ROAD: SECTION:
DATE:

SURVEYOR:
   
DISTRESS TYPES
WEIGHTAGE
TO SEVERITY
PERCENTAGE
DISTRESS
DEDUCT
VALUE
COMMENTS
1. CRACKING   
2. RUTTING   
3. POTHOLES   
PCI = 100 - CDV = DEDUCT TOTAL 
CORRECTED DEDUCT VALUE (CDV) 
PAVEMENT RATING

24. TRIAL STUDYTRIAL STUDY
Details of Test Stretch 1
Road: Rajarajeshwari Nagar to Mysore Road
Length Chosen: 1600 m
Pavement Width: 7.5 m

25. Details of Observed DistressesDetails of Observed Distresses
Cracks
Severity: Medium (Predominantly 3 – 6mm wide)
Density: Low (0.57% of total pavement area)
Ruts
Severity: Light (Predominantly <5mm depth)
Density: Low (0.29% of wheel path area)
Potholes
Severity: High (Diameter > 30cm or depth
>10cm)
Density: Medium (11 potholes in 1.6 km i.e.
6.875 potholes/km)

26. Calculation of PCICalculation of PCI
Deduct Value for Cracking
30 for Medium Severity and Low Density
Deduct Value for Rutting
10 for Low Severity and Low Density
Deduct Value for Potholes
40 for High Severity and Medium Density
Total Deduct Value = 80
Corrected Deduct Value = 54
PCI = 100 – 54 = 46 (Road in FAIR
CONDITION. Requires Thick Overlay)

27. TRIAL STUDYTRIAL STUDY
Details of Test Stretch 2
Road: University Road
Length Chosen: 1800 m
Pavement Width: 8.0 m

28. Details of Observed DistressesDetails of Observed Distresses
Cracks
Severity: Light (Predominantly <3mm wide)
Density: Low (0.15% of total pavement area)
Ruts
Severity: Light (Predominantly <5mm depth)
Density: Low (0.29% of wheel path area)
Potholes
Severity: High (Diameter > 30cm or depth
>10cm)
Density: High (42 potholes in 1.8 km i.e. 23.33
potholes/km)

29. Calculation of PCICalculation of PCI
Deduct Value for Cracking
10 for Low Severity and Low Density
Deduct Value for Rutting
10 for Low Severity and Low Density
Deduct Value for Potholes
50 for High Severity and High Density
Total Deduct Value = 70
Corrected Deduct Value = 47
PCI = 100 – 47 = 53 (Road in FAIR
CONDITION. Requires Thick Overlay)

30. ALLIGATOR CRACK – LOW SEVERITYALLIGATOR CRACK – LOW SEVERITY

31. ALLIGATOR CRACK – MEDIUM ALLIGATOR CRACK – MEDIUM
SEVERITYSEVERITY

32. ALLIGATOR CRACK – HIGH SEVERITYALLIGATOR CRACK – HIGH SEVERITY

33. WHEEL TRACK CRACK – MEDIUM WHEEL TRACK CRACK – MEDIUM
SEVERITYSEVERITY

34. WHEEL TRACK CRACK – HIGH WHEEL TRACK CRACK – HIGH
SEVERITYSEVERITY

35. BLOCK AND TRANSVERSE CRACKING – BLOCK AND TRANSVERSE CRACKING –
MEDIUM SEVERITYMEDIUM SEVERITY

36. BLOCK AND TRANSVERSE CRACKING – BLOCK AND TRANSVERSE CRACKING –
HIGH SEVERITYHIGH SEVERITY

37. LONGITUDINAL CRACKING – MEDIUM LONGITUDINAL CRACKING – MEDIUM
SEVERITYSEVERITY

38. LONGITUDINAL CRACKING – HIGH LONGITUDINAL CRACKING – HIGH
SEVERITYSEVERITY

39. TRANSVERSE CRACKING – MEDIUM TRANSVERSE CRACKING – MEDIUM
SEVERITYSEVERITY

40. TRANSVERSE CRACKING – HIGH TRANSVERSE CRACKING – HIGH
SEVERITYSEVERITY

41. EDGE CRACKING – MEDIUM SEVERITYEDGE CRACKING – MEDIUM SEVERITY

42. EDGE CRACKING – HIGH SEVERITYEDGE CRACKING – HIGH SEVERITY

43. RANDOM CRACKING – MEDIUM RANDOM CRACKING – MEDIUM
SEVERITYSEVERITY

44. RUT – MEDIUM SEVERITYRUT – MEDIUM SEVERITY

45. RUT – HIGH SEVERITYRUT – HIGH SEVERITY

46. RUT – HIGH SEVERITYRUT – HIGH SEVERITY

47. POTHOLE – LOW SEVERITYPOTHOLE – LOW SEVERITY

48. POTHOLE – HIGH SEVERITYPOTHOLE – HIGH SEVERITY