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1. PROJECT REPORT ON What Is Networking and its types, explain it. AT CENTER FOR GAUTAM SKILLS ADVANCE CERTIFICATE IN COMPUTER APPLICATION (ACCA) COURSE SESSION JULY-2023-JUNE-2024 SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY Nisha katoch payal CENTER HEAD MANAGING DIRECTOR Mr. Vipan Kumar Mr. Jitender K umar

2. A computer network is a group of interconnected nodes or computing devices that exchange data and resources with each other. A network connection between these devices can be established using cable or wireless media. . A network is a group of two or more computers or biother electronic devices that are interconnected for the purpose of exchanging data and sharing resources.

3. Computer networking refers to interconnected computing device that can exchange data and the share resources with each other. These networked devices use a system of rules, called communication protocols, to the transmit information over physical or wireless technology .

4. There are mainly five types of Computer Networks Personal Area Network (PAN) Local Area Network (LAN) Campus Area Network (CAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)

5. Personal Area Networking PAN is the most basic type of computer network. This network is restrained to a single person, that is, communication between the computer devices is centered only on an individual’s workspace. PAN offers a network range of 1 to 100 meters from person to device providing communication. Its transmission speed is very high with very easy maintenance and very low cost.This uses Bluetooth, IrDA, and Zigbee as technology.Examples of PAN are USB, computer, phone, tablet, printer, PDA, etc Use of pan network A pan is a network that the connects electronic device within a short range, typically around an individual person’s workspace. This network is the designed to facilitate the exchange of the data and the resources, of the connectivity

6. Local Area Network is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer network that connects computers through a common communication path, contained within a limited area, that is, locally. A LAN encompasses two or more computers connected over a server. The two important technologies involved in this network are Ethernet and Wi-fi. It ranges up to 2km & transmission speed is very high with easy maintenance and low cost.Examples of LAN are networking in a home, school, library, laboratory, college, office, etc

7. CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN. This is a type of computer network that is usually used in places like a school or colleges. This network covers a limited geographical area that is, it spreads across several buildings within the campus. CAN mainly use Ethernet technology with a range from 1km to 5km.Its transmission speed is very high with a moderate maintenance cost and moderate cost. Example of CAN are networks that cover schools, colleges, buildings, etc.

8. A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city, multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with multiple buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller than a wide area network (WAN).

9. In its simplest form, a wide-area network (WAN) is a collection of local-area networks (LANs) or other networks that communicate with one another. A WAN is essentially a network of networks, with the Internet the world's largest WAN.

10. People can share information freely Computer networking allows individuals and businesses to share information freely with one another. This information can be in several different formats. From files to emails, or blog posts to instant messaging, this process saves people time and monetary resources in the passing of information. Imagine the difference of sending a letter through a postal service to sending the same letter through email and that is the advantage a computer network provides. It allows for frequent collaboration Computer networks allow multiple people to be logged into the same platform at once. They may be in several different locations around the world, but each person can log into their profile and access documents or files, at their convenience, to work on them. The modern computer network allows for global collaboration for teams of any size.

11. The cost of joining a computer network is going down. In 1984, the cost of a Tandy 1000 was $1,200. This was one of the first PC clone computers that was intended to be a cost-effective solution for home computing and word processing. Although it did not have internet access, it did allow for computer networks to form. In 2017, the price of a Chromebook is less than $200 and does allow internet access and traditional computer networks. Computer networking data can be stored off-line. With the numerous threats to computer systems, the internet, and technology structures, there is a need to store information off-line to protect it from those who want it. Computer networks can be connected through the internet, via a virtual private network, or kept completely off-line to protect the system. The data collected, even if it is gathered online, can be stored off-line to protect it as well.

12. Anyone can connect to a computer network There is a minimal skill set required to connect to a modern computer network. If you know how to turn a computer on and then click on the appropriate prompts or shortcuts, then it is possible to join a computer network. The simplicity of joining makes it possible for even young children to begin taking advantage of the information access that computers provide. Computer connections can be personalized. The modern computer network isn’t an all-or-nothing system. Access authority can be included with a network so that individuals can access the specific information they need, but don’t need to sort through information they don’t need. This can enhance employer security, reduce the chances of fraud, while still providing tools that lead to increased productivity.

13. It requires a certain wealth to join a computer network. In 2005, the International Telecommunications Union estimated that 51% of users in the developed world were connected to computer networks, but just 8% of users in the developing world could claim the same status. As of 2016, those figures have risen to 81% and 40% respectively. Although there have been increases to internet use and computer networking in the developing world, most people still lack consistent access to the information that is widely shared every day. Disruptions can occur frequently . Cyberattacks on computer networks in 2017, referred to as “ransomware,” allow a small group of individuals to affect the computer networking access of a society. By encrypting compute files for small ransom amounts, these attacks create a disruption to the networks that disrupt businesses and individual lives. Viruses and other forms of corruption can be equally disruptive. No computer network is 100% safe from these threats, so proactive interventions must be taken to preserve information access.

14. Computer networking can be addictive. CNN reports that half of all teens in the United States feel like they are addicted to their phones. The average person checks their cell phone over 100 times per day. Being consistently connected to information and computer networks requires a commitment to consume the data that is provided. We have access to more data than ever before, but this also means we are taking less time to relax and unplug from our networks more than ever before. The American Psychological Association reports that 44% of US workers even check on work emails while on vacation. Information availability isn’t always a good thing. Online identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes in the world today. In 2016, data on 15.4 million consumers was stolen to create losses of $16 billion. From 2010-2016, more than $100 billion in losses occurred. Since 2014, identity theft complaints have risen by 47%. The Insurance Information Institute reports that government documents and benefits fraud is the most common form of this data misuse. As computer networks continue to grow, the chances of having data compromised will grow at the same time.

15. There is little policing on a computer network. Not all file sharing that occurs through computer networks is illegal. Piracy is a real threat to the well-being of numerous businesses and individuals. According to information provided by Freakonomics, the cost of online piracy for the economy is up to $250 billion per year. Direct losses in the US are above $8 billion, according to statistics provided by NBC News. Although some see it as a victimless crime, those that produce content and hold rights to it do not receive compensation from pirated sharing. Little policing is available on computer networks, however, and what is present is often focused on protecting the physical safety of others. The advantages and disadvantages of computer networking show us that free-flowing information helps a society to grow. Assuming that proactive systems are developed and installed to counter the effects of the potential disadvantages, a computer network, at any level of connectivity, will help every society come closer to its full potential.