PBN3023_08 Individual-Culture-Society (2).pptx

FOR SOCIOLOGY

1. TOPIC 8 -SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH INDIVIDUAL,CULTURE & SOCIETY Prepared by: Puan Norizun Mohd Noor

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this chapter, students will be able to: Define culture, beliefs, values and norms List and explain the elements of culture State and explain the characteristics of culture State the professional values of nursing. Differentiate culture and society

3. INTRODUCTION Some of the world’s people have many children, while others have few; some honour the elderly, while others seem to glorify youth. Some societies are peaceful and others warlike, and they embrace a thousand different religious beliefs and ideas about what is polite and rude, beautiful and ugly, pleasant and repulsive. This amazing human capacity for so many different ways of life is a matter of human culture. Figure 01

4. Tura means idea, thought and creation ( Asmad 1990) Cul means original, indigenous, first or pure Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture What is culture? Figure 01 Figure 02 Together Culture means original idea, thoughts and creation. Culture is derived from the Latin word cultura

5. Culture Definition of Culture Culture is defined as: Figure 03 Culture is defined as: Values , belief , customs and practice that form a people’s way of life. Learned through socialization with others. Knowledge, belief, art, morals , laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society. Edward B. Taylor CLOSE NEXT

6. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Definition of Culture Culture is defined as: Figure 03 Culture is defined as: Values , belief , customs and practice that form a people’s way of life. Learned through socialisation with others. Knowledge, belief, art, morals , laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society. Edward B. Taylor CLOSE The process whereby one learns to get along with and to behave similarly to other people in the group, largely through imitation as well as group pressure.

7. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Definition of Culture Culture is defined as: Figure 03 Culture is defined as: Values , belief , customs and practice that form a people’s way of life. Learned through socialisation with others. Knowledge, belief, art, morals , laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society. Edward B. Taylor Concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behaviour . CLOSE

8. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Definition of Culture Culture is defined as: Culture is defined as: Point 1 Point 2 According to Linton, culture is the social heritage ( warisan sosial ) of man. It includes whole range of life. The expression of human nature in our ways of thinking, the ways of acting and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life. Figure 04 Figure 05

9. Language Arts & sciences Traditional costumes. Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Elements of Culture Click each element for more information 1 5 4 3 2 6 NEXT

10. Arts & sciences Traditional costumes . Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 5 3 2 6 Language is a set of symbols that express ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one another. Humans have created many alphabets to express the hundreds of languages we speak. Language is also the key to cultural transmission. Figure 06 Language 1 CLOSE

11. Traditional costumes . Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 2 6 The most advanced and refined forms of human expression. 2 Arts & Sciences CLOSE

12. Arts & sciences Traditional costumes . Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 1 5 3 2 6 3 Traditional Costumes People from each ethnic group wear their traditional clothes. Figure 08 CLOSE

13. Arts & sciences Traditional costumes . Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 1 5 3 2 6 4 Spirituality The value system transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings, expressed through language and actions. Figure 09 CLOSE

14. Arts & sciences Traditional costumes . Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 1 5 3 2 6 5 Social Activity Cultural community, demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events. Figure 10 CLOSE

15. Arts & sciences Traditional costumes . Spirituality Social act ivity Social interaction Elements of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Elements of Culture 1 5 3 2 6 6 Interaction Social aspects of human contact, including the give-and-take of socialisation , negotiation, protocol and conventions. Figure 11 CLOSE

16. Culture is learnt. Culture is social and shared by members of the group. Culture differs from society to society . Culture is transmissive . Culture is a gratifier ( memuaskan hati ) Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Characteristics of Culture Culture not only shapes what we do but also what we think and how we feel. 1 2 5 4 3 Click each box for more information NEXT

17. Culture is learnt 1 Sample picture Culture Characteristics of Culture Is acquired quality, learnt socially by man. Not an inborn. Ways of behaviour learnt by man. E.g. Shaking hands. Say “Good morning”. Wearing clothes, ornaments, cooking food, eating from plates, drinking from a glass. Figure 12 Figure 13

18. 2 Sample picture Culture Characteristics of Culture Culture is social and shared by members of the group. Acquires with the association of other humans. Helps man to develop human qualities. Figure 14

19. 3 Culture 2.1.1.4 Characteristics of Culture Culture is a gratifier. Prescribe the means for satisfaction of our biological and social needs. Eg : Biological needs: Food, clothes & shelter. Social needs: Attain status, name, fame & money. Level 1 – Biological Needs Level 2 – Safety Level 3 – Love, Affection, Acceptance Level 4 – Self-Esteem Level 5 – Self-Actualization

20. 4 Culture Characteristics of Culture Culture differs from society to society . Every society has its own form of culture. Cultural elements: - Ideas, values, beliefs, morals, practices are not similar in all societies. E.g. different ways of eating, speaking, dressing. Figure 15

21. 5 Culture Characteristics of Culture Figure 16 Culture is transmissive Culture is transmissive as it is transmitted from one generation to another. Transmission of culture may take place by imitation as well as by instruction.

22. Therefore, culture is divided into 2 types Types of Culture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms When studying culture, a sociologist consider thoughts and things. Point 1 Point 2 Material culture Non - material culture Click on box for more information NEXT

23. Point 1 Sample picture Figure 01 Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Types of Culture Material culture refers to: Physical and tangible things created by society that members make use and share. Initially, material culture begin as raw materials or resources such as trees and oil. Through technology, the raw materials are transformed into usable items ranging from books, chairs, tables and computers. Figure 17 CLOSE

24. Point 2 Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Culture Types of Culture Figure 18 Abstract, intangible things or idea created by society that influence people’s behavior. E.g. language, values, belief Non-material culture refers to: CLOSE

25. Figure 21 Definition Values Values are defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, right or wrong, good and beautiful and that serve as a guidelines for social living. Values are standards that people make choices about how to live. What is value? Cultures have values that are largely shared by their members . Figure 22 Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms

26. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress NEXT

27. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress LOSE Point 1 Family A strong family is one that sustains its members — that supports and nourishes the members throughout the span of that family. A strong family unit creates a safe, positive and supportive place for all members to thrive. They are able to utilize resources and to live together in a fairly healthy manner . Figure 23

28. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress LOSE Point 2 Figure 25 Material comfort A level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services and luxuries are available to an individual. Material comfort is somebody finding happiness with the things they own. e.g. homes, cars etc. Figure 24

29. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress CLOSE Point 3 Figure 26 3. Equal opportunity People in the United States believe in not equality of condition but in equality of opportunity. This means that society should provide everyone with the chance to get ahead according to individual talents and efforts .

30. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress Point 4 Figure 27 4. Progress We are optimistic people who, despite waves of nostalgia, believe that the present is better than the past. We celebrate progress, viewing the “very latest” as the “very best.”

31. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Key Values The sociologist Robert William Jr. (1970) has identified several key values that are central to our way of life. 5 key values are: Family Equal opportunity Material comfort Dignity Progress CLOSE Point 5 Figure 28 Dignity This term used in moral, ethical and political discussions to signify that a being has an innate right to respectful and ethical treatment. The quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect and honour .

32. Point 1: Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Professional Values in Nursing Professional Values In Nursing (Watson, 1981) advocates the following: Strong commitment to service. Point 2 : Believes in dignity and worth of each person Point 3: Commitment to education. Point 4 : Autonomy Click on box for more information NEXT

33. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Professional Values in Nursing Professional Values In Nursing (Watson, 1981) advocates the following: CLOSE Point 1: 1 Strong commitment to service . Nursing is a helping, humanistic service. Nurses are responsible for assessing and promoting health. They should value the caring aspect of nursing as well as their contribution to the health and well-being of people. Figure 29

34. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Professional Values in Nursing Professional Values In Nursing (Watson, 1981) advocates the following: Strong commitment to service. CLOSE Point 2: Believes in dignity and worth of each person 2 This value means that the nurse acts in the best interest of the client regardless of nationality, race colour , age, sex, politics, social class or health status. Figure 30 CLOE

35. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values 2.1.3.3 Professional Values in Nursing Professional Values In Nursing (Watson, 1981) advocates the following: Strong commitment to service. CLOSE Point 3: Commitment to education 3 This reflects a societal value of lifelong learning. In nursing, continuing education is needed to maintain and expand the nurses level of competence and to increase the body of professional knowledge. Figure 31

36. Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Values Professional Values in Nursing Professional Values In Nursing (Watson, 1981) advocates the following: CLOSE : Autonomy Point 4 : Autonomy 4 Nurses need to become more assertive in promoting nursing care and developing the ability to assume independent functions. Figure 32

37. Past buying experience Point title: Definition of norms Sample picture Definition of Culture, Beliefs, Values and Norms Norms Expected pattern or standards of behaviour that is accepted. Guides for behaviour that are normal. E.g. Acting the way your mother expects you to behave. Figure 33

38. Culture and Society The term “culture” and “society” go hand in hand, but their meanings are different. Culture is a shared way of life or social heritage. Society refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture. Neither culture nor society could exist without the other. Culture and Society

39. Culture “Culture” is concerned with peoples’ ways of life, patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving, that is passed from generation to generation among members of a society. Culture not only shapes what we do but also what we think and how we feel – elements of what we commonly but wrongly describe as “human nature.” Figure 37 Culture and Society Figure 38

40. Sample picture Culture and Society Society Society Group of people who live within defined territorial borders and participate in a common culture. Figure 39 Sample picture Figure 40