Peadiatric surgery Presentaton on Osteomyalitis ..pptx

About Osteomyelitis, inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection

1. Osteomyelitis

2. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection. Bone infection may occur for many different reasons and can affect children or adults. Introduction

3. Pathogenesis . It is a bacterial bloodstream infection, sometimes called bacteremia, or sepsis, that spreads to the bone. This type is most common in infants and children and usually affects their long bones like the femur (thighbone) or humerus (upper arm bone). The source of the blood infection is usually Staphylococcus aureus, although it may be caused by a different type of bacteria or fungal organism Osteomyelitis can also occur from a nearby infection due to a traumatic injury, frequent medication injections, a surgical procedure or use of a prosthetic device.

4. A bone infection is most often caused by bacteria. It can also be caused by fungi or other germs. When a child has osteomyelitis bacteria or other germs may spread to the bone from infected skin, muscles, or tendons next to the the long bones of the arms or legs (most often involved). The infection can start in another part of the body and spread through the blood to the bone. The infection can be caused by an injury that breaks the skin and bone (open fracture). Bacteria can enter the skin and infect the bone. The infection can also start after bone surgery. This is more likely if the surgery is done after an injury, or if metal rods or plates are placed in the bone. Cause

5. Premature birth or delivery complications in newborns Diabetes Poor blood supply Recent injury Sickle cell disease Infection due to a foreign body Pressure ulcers Human bites or animal bites Weak immune system Risk factors

6. Symptoms Bone pain Excessive sweating Fever and chills General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Local swelling, redness, and warmth Pain at the infection site Swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs Refusing to walk (when leg bones are involved)

7. Diagnosis Blood cultures Bone biopsy (the sample is cultured and examined under a microscope) Bone scan Bone x-ray Complete blood count (CBC) C-reactive protein (CRP) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) MRI of the bone Needle aspiration of the area of the affected bones

8. Treatment The goal of treatment is to stop the infection and reduce damage to the bone and surrounding tissues. Antibiotics are given to destroy the bacteria causing the infection: Antibiotics are taken for at least 4 to 6 weeks, often at home through an IV (intravenously, meaning through a vein).

9. Anyone with acute or chronic bone infections that cannot be treated with antibiotics are good candidates for osteomyelitis surgery. Surgery may be needed to remove dead bone tissue if the child has an infection that does not go away. If there are metal plates near the infection, they may need to be removed. The open space left by the removed bone tissue may be filled with bone graft or packing material. This promotes the growth of new bone tissue. Surgical treatment

10. a procedure called debridement to remove dead or damaged bone tissue in people with osteomyelitis. Debridement

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