Peat land Restoration Project in HLG Londerang

Presented by Hyoung Gyun Kim (Korea–Indonesia Forest Cooperation Center) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.

1. Climate Change Adaptation
and Mitigation with
Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, Indonesia
Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems
Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda
Korea –Indonesia Forest Cooperation Center
Kim, HyoungGyun

2. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Peat land Restoration Project in HLG Londerang

3. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi

4. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi

5. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi
12,484 Ha

6. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi

7. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi

8. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Restoration of Burnt Peatland in Jambi
2016 2018 2021-2022
2017 2019-2020
•PCP was submitted by MoEF •Implementation of field activities
•Field Study with Seoul National
University and Jambi University
•Knowledge sharing workshop with stakeholders
•Letter of Arrangement was signed in September
•MoU

9. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Project
Activities
3R
Rewetting
Revegetation
Revatalization
Rewetting
Building Canal Block &
Deepwellsin HLG Londerang
Area
Revegetation
Restoration of
Peatlands in HLG
Londerang
Revitalization
Community-Based
Restoration of the Peat
Ecosystems in 10
Villages
Development of
Mini Education Center
Capacity Building
on Protection and
Management of
Peatland Ecosystems
Promotion of the
Project to
International
Forums

10. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
FIELD SURVEY
•Conducted in May 2021 & Jan 2022.
•Observation of the current condition
of existing canals in 257 locations;
•Jambi University -main partner for
Field Survey
OBJECTIVE
Community
•Determination of priority locations to
build canal blocks in accordance
with technical, ecological, and
social aspects
Rewetting Infrastructures
•Torepairandsealwaterleaksfrom
HLGLonderanganditssurrounding
area,keepingthepeatecosystem
wetandreducingtheriskofdrought-
causedfiresandlandsubsidence.

11. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Rewetting Infrastructures

12. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Rewetting Infrastructures

13. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Development of web based realtime monitoring system to be
connected to MoEF system
Development
of data logger

14. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Water Level Data Logger Collecting Process
Sensors
Station Logger
Internet Service Provider
(Telkomsel)
IoT Database Engine
LTE/GPRS
Internet
Wired

15. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Water Level Data Logger Components
Soil 3 in 1 Sensor
-Collecting soil water content, soil temperature,
and soil conductivity data
Rainfall Spoon Type
-Collecting rainfall data
Water Level Sensor
-Collecting water level data
Solar panel 50 Wp
-Battery power
supply

16. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Jati Mulyo 01
Catur Rahayu 02 Teluk Dawan
Development of web based real-time
monitoring system to be connected to MoEF system

17. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Development of web based real-time
monitoring system to be connected to MoEF system

18. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Revitalization in 10 Villages

19. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
PREPARATION
•Survey to find out the village's profile and
potential;
•Recruits 20 facilitatorsfor 10 villages to
provide assistance in formulating
Community Work Plan (RKM) and
identifying livelihood options for rural
communities.
OBJECTIVE
•Toempowerthelocalcommunitiesin10
villagesaroundHLGLonderanginobtaining
alternativesourceoflivelihoodswhile
maintainingthepeatecosystem.
Revitalization in 10 Villages

20. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
INCREASING SOCIOECONOMIC WELFARE
BY PROVIDING LIVELIHOOD ALTERNATIVES

21. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Parit Culum 1 Village Teluk Dawan Village Kota Kandis DendangVillage Rawa Sari Village
Manis Mato VillageRantau Panjang Village Rondang VillageRukam Village Londerang Village
Jati Mulyo Village
Tanjung Jabung Timur District
Muaro Jambi District

22. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Revegetation
재조림활동

23. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
PEATLAND
RESTORATION FIELD
SURVEY & DED수행지역:LonderangPeatProtectedForest
(HLGLonderang,론드랑이탄보호림)
수행면적:무아로잠비군 200ha
수행기간:21년8월23일~9월28일,총33일
조사방법:항공촬영 ,지상식생조사 ,재조림활동 영향력평가
수행기관:인니환경산림부 연구개발혁신원 팔렘방사무소

24. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
FIELD SURVEY
•Identifying the coordinates and dimensions of the
potential location;
•Identifying the characteristics of peat and water
level fluctuations;
•Identifying source of workers and seedlings.
OBJECTIVE
Toconductplantingactivityinatotalareaof200hectares
withinHLGLonderang.Endemicspeciesandmultipurpose
treespecies(MPTS)willbeusedforvegetation
enrichment.
OUTPUT
•List of suitable endemic species to be planted within
the proposed location;
•Establishment of nursery, involving the local
community;
•Recommendation on cropping patterns and timeline
of activities implementation.
Field Survey

25. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Development of SOP
LOCAL PARTNER
•Collaborated with Palembang LHK Research and
Development Center based on the results of field
surveys and biophysical conditions of the land.
OBJECTIVE
•Toprovidedirectionandguidelinesfortheimplementation
ofpeatrevegetationactivitiesafterburningsothat
activitiescanrunwellandsmoothly

26. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Peat Depth

27. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Peat
Sampling

28. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Water Level

29. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
DED

30. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Revegetation

31. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Revegetation

32. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Human Resources

33. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Seedlings

34. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Training

35. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
•Total area : 200 ha
•650 trees/ ha
•19 trees species (endemic)
•Survival rate > 95 %
•Geo tagging all trees
•In collaboration with Forestry service
of Jambi Province
•Technical design and guideline of
revegetation from Forestry Research
and Development Unit of Palembang
•Workers from local communities
March 2022Aug 2021 Nov 2022
Revegetation

36. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Revegetation

37. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Activity in Revegetation Area
Geotagging Activity
•CollaboratedwithJambiUniversitytoevaluatethe
plantingresults.
•Datatakenintheformofplantseedlinggrowthand
calculatingthesurvivalrateofplants.
•Datacollectioninthefieldwasdividedinto2phases:
phases1(Oct-Nov2022);phases2(Nov-Dec2022).

38. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Activity in Revegetation Area
Jambi University Students Training
•StudentTrainingofRevegetationTechniqueon
HLGLonderangincollaborationwithJambi
University(UNJA)inMay2023

39. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Activity in Revegetation Area

40. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Jambi University Scientific Research
•CollaboratedwithJambiUniversity(UNJA)tosupportthescientificresearchof3
studentsand4lecturersfor6months(May-November2023)
•Theresearchisabout:
-TheeffectofNPKfertilizeronJelutung,Balangeran,andPulaiplants;and
-TheeffectofplantgrowthofRevegetationofBurntPeatlandthroughthe
applicationofSoilNeutralizingMaterialsonGelamplants
Activity in Revegetation Area

41. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
KenaliPeatland
EductaionCenter

42. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
TopromotePeatlandManagementinIndonesia,including
projectresultsinformationandproductsfrom10villages.
Minieducationcenterconsistoftwobuildingswhichis
openhallandexhibitionbuilding.
Information
Kenali Peatland Education Center

43. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
•Onedaylearningactivityrelatedtopeat
introductionforelementaryschoolstudentsin
January2023.
•MiniEducationCampactivitiesonJune16-18,
2023,withactivitiesintheformofan
introductiontopeatecosystemsandtrainingin
handlingforestandlandfires(karhutla)
Activity
Kenali Peatland Education Center

44. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
•Theinnagurationofthe“KenaliPeatland
EducationCenter”on7December2023was
attendedbyDeputyGovernorofJambiand
DeputyDirectorofGlobalForestResource,KFS,
Dr.LeeYongKwon
Opening Ceremony
Kenali Peatland Education Center

45. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Peatland Restoration (2019-2022)
Focusing on Post-Fire Intervention
Forest Fire Management System (2023-2026)
Focusing on Fires Handling
Extended Collaborative Project on
Peatland Forest Fires
Following the successful peatland restoration project in Jambi,
Korea and Indonesia have begun developing a new project focused
on forest and land fire management systems.
Collaborative through ODA Projects

46. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Project on Restoration of
Burnt Peatland in Jambi
Project on Forest & Land Fire
Monitoring System in South Sumatera

47. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems
Beyond Green Carbon: The 3rd International Symposium
29 April 2024 | CIFOR-ICRAF Headquarters, Bogor, IndonesiaBackground
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR
Peat land Restoration Project in HLG Londerang

48. CIFOR-ICRAF
CIFOR-ICRAF harnesses the power of trees, forests and agroforestry landscapes
to address the most pressing global challenges of our time -biodiversity loss,
climate change, food security, livelihoods and inequity.Background
Mangroves, which are distinct forests in coastal and
estuarine saline wetlands of tropical and subtropical
regions, are pivotal in addressing the climate crisis.
Comprising various species, these ecosystems are
categorized into ‘exclusive’ (true mangroves) and ‘non-
exclusive’ (semi-mangroves or mangrove associates).
True mangroves excel in saline environments, with
specialized adaptations like aerial roots for oxygen
absorption and viviparous seed germination. Mangroves
are critical components of ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems,
known for their effective carbon dioxide absorption
from the atmosphere and significant carbon storage
capabilities, surpassing that of warm-temperate forests.
This positions them as valuable assets in the global effort
to combat climate change.
The Indo-West Pacific Region, which includes East
Asia, hosts the most diverse mangrove ecosystems in
the world, with distribution area gradually expanding
and migrating owing to climate change. The Korean
Peninsula is situated in the northernmost subtropical
climate area in East Asia, where the Kuroshio Current in
the Western Pacific Ocean has consistently influenced
the distribution of subtropical plants. Currently, two
species of semi-mangrove trees inhabit coastal areas in
Korea — Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus
Climate change adaptation
and mitigation with
mangrove ecosystems
©
M
o
k
h
a
m
a
d

E
d
lia
d
i/
C
I
F
O
R
— particularly on Jeju Island, with their distribution
and range expanding incrementally. These species,
adaptable to both intertidal zones and terrestrial habitats,
lack the typical mangrove traits of aerial roots and unique
seed germination. Despite this, they offer potential
for carbon absorption and climate change mitigation.
A recent predictive study demonstrated the potential
expansion of the distribution of subtropical plants in East
Asia, including the possible establishment of mangroves
in Korea, owing to climate change.
This symposium seeks to highlight the crucial ecological
and climate roles of mangrove and semi-mangrove
ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia, we aim to explore
the carbon-sequestration potential of these species.
Key discussions will include nursery and propagation
strategies suitable for local climates, methods to
enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas, and
effective management practices for maintaining these
ecosystems.This symposium seeks to highlight the
crucial ecological and climate roles of mangrove and
semi-mangrove ecosystems. Focusing on East Asia,
we aim to explore the carbon-sequestration potential
of these species. Key discussions will include nursery
and propagation strategies suitable for local climates,
methods to enhance carbon absorption in coastal areas,
and effective management practices for maintaining
these ecosystems.
Beyond green carbon: 3
rd
international symposium 2024
Introducing mangrove ecosystems
strategies to the climate change agenda
29 April 2024, 09:00 AM –15:30 PM (GMT+7) | Amazon Room, CIFOR