pediatric Asthma.pdf persistent symptoms and variable airway limitation

pediatric Asthma

1. ASTHMA
PEDIATRIC
TANMAYA KUMAR MOHANTY
REGISTRATED
NURSE

2. CONTENT
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
CAUSES
MOLECULAR PATHWAYS
SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
08
NURSING MANAGEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
Asthma is a non-communicable chronic lung
disease, characterized by the following
features:
• Airway inflammation
• Airway obstruction mainly due to muscle
spasm, associated with mucosal edema and
stagnation of the mucus

4. DEFINITION
Airflow obstruction in asthma is due to
bronchoconstriction that results form contraction
of bronchial smooth muscle, inflammation of the
bronchial wall, and increase secretion of mucus .

5. CAUSES
• GENETIC FACTORS
→ Certain genes
→ Family history
• ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
→ early exposure to bacteria
and viruses
→ Early exposure to dist , silica
dust

6. MOLECULAR PATHWAYS
• Asthma is often triggered by environmental factors.
• The dendritic cells picked up the allergen from environment, and
going to present it to type -2 helper cell which is a immune cell
sub-type.
• Then type-2 helper cell produce cytokines called inner lucant-4
and inner lucant-5
• The inner lucant-4 help in production of IgE antibodies which can
cause type -1 hypersensitivity reaction
• the hypersensitivity reaction due to IgE antibody can trigger mast
cells, which produces histamine,leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

7. MOLECULAR PATHWAYS
• The inner lucant-5 activate eosinophils
• The eosinophils start production of cytokines and leukotrienes
• In both IL-4 and IL-5 the production of leukotrienes is occur
• The leukotrienes can cause Bronchoconstriction, Inflammation,
mucus secretion, Wheezing and Tightness in the chest.

8. SYMPTOMS
→ Chest tightness
→ coughing
→ Difficulty breathing
→ wheezing
→ some time in sputum
have mucus plugs
→ Head bobbing
→ cynosis

9. DIAGNOSIS
Spirometery test
Peak flow test
Total expiratory
volume count
Pulse oximeter for the counting
of oxygen saturation level
X-RAY

10. TREATMENT
→ Bronchodilators
→ leukotrienes receptor antagonist
→ mast cell stabilizers
→ corticosteroid
→ Anti IgE antibody

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT
The management of asthma includes:
• Environment control
• Evaluation
• Regular follow-up.

12. THANK YOU FOR THE
PRESENTATION
OPPORTUNITY
REGISTRATED
NURSE