Pediatric Asthma..pptx. presented by Mr shafayat hassan

Pediatric Asthma.
Introduction
Etiology
Clinical manifestations
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Medical management
Nursing Management

1. Pediatric Asthma Presented by SHAFAYAT HASSAN Bsc Nsg 5 th Semester MMINSR SKIMS SOURA

2. Asthma Asthma is physiologically characterized by increased responsiveness of trachea & by widespread narrowing of the airways. Contraction of airway smooth muscles Mucosal thickening from edema and Cellular inflation Inspissation in the airway lumen viscid plugs of mucus ... The Agents that increase bronchial activity are ozone exposure, allergen inhalation & infection with Respiratory viruses & also cause airway inflammation.

3. Epidemiology Approximately 300 million people are affect by Asthma Globally. Higher prevalence rates are observed in development countries like USA ,England etc. Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms and Chronic Bronchitis in Adults (INSEARCH) estimated the national burden of asthma at 17.23 million with an overall prevalence of 2.05%. Total burden of asthma in India as 34.3 million, accounting for 13.09% of the global burden.

4. ETIOLOGY Genatic factor Environmental factor. Allergens > pollens, dust ,mites Infections viral (rhinoviruses) Air pollution Occupational 3. Immunological factors Overactivity for harmless substances IgE antibodies >>>> inflammation.

5. 4. Lifestyle Diet , Lack of certain nutrients vitamin d, viramin E & omega three fatty acids. Obesity 5. Prenatal factors Conditions during pregnancy and early childhood such As maternal smoking, prematurity , low birth weight and Mode of delivery can influence the development of asthma 6. Hygiene hypothesis.

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

7. DIAGNOSIS Combination of Clinical assessment medical history, diagnostic tests can confirm the asthma. Clinical history; Recurrent Episodes of wheezing coughing , especially at night in early morning , shortness of breath and chest tightness Pattern of symptoms Family history Environmental factors 2. Physical examination

8. Respiratory assessment relationship to the sounds of the lungs Signs of Allergies Example allergic Rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema. Any delay in the growth and development 3. Pulmonary function tests. Spirometry; Volume of air A child can forsably Exhale and how quickly . Broncoprovocation test. 4. Allergy testing Skin prick test Serum Ige levels

9. MANAGEMENT The main aim of the treatment in Pediatric Asthma is to control symptoms , improve quality of life in reduce the risk of exacerbate and long treatment compliance.

10. MEDICATIONS. a). Quick relief (Rescue) Short acting beta Agonist For example Albuterol . Induces rapid bronchodialation . >>Dosage: 0 – 4 years = 1,2 puffs = 90mcg/puff . Anticholinergics For example; Ipratropium bromide Dosage; Nebulizer 0 - 4 years = 250mcg every 6hrs 5-11 years = 250mcg to 500mcg every 6hrs

11. 2. Long term control Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) For example, Budesonide , Fluticasone Dosage 0-4 years 100mcg bd 5-11 years = 100-200mcg 2.Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) For example; Salmeterol , Formoterol .
Dosage = 0-4 yrs or older = 50mcg every 12 hrs.
3. Leukotriene modifiers eg . Montelukast

12. 4. Combination of inhalers eg ICS + LABA 5. Oral corticosteroids. 3. Environmental control 4. Lifestyle & behavioral intervention

13. Thank you