PEDIATRIC AUDIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT (OBJECTIVE TESTS).pptx

This sildes shows the basic objective tests of pediatric audiological assessment.

Presented by the students of Communication Disorders Department, University of Dhaka.

1. Presented by Md. Muktarul Islam (19) Asif Kazi (27) Md. Saifur Rahman (31) Tasnim Jannat Oishee (34) Halima Tus Sadya Eccha (39) Mst. Musrath Jahan (49) PEDIATRIC AUDIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT (OBJECTIVE TESTS)

2. Objectives Defining pediatric audiological assessment Discussing different types of objective tests Highlighting the advantages & disadvantages Understanding the application of the tests

3. A comprehensive evaluation of a child's hearing ability to diagnose and manage hearing loss or auditory processing issues. Typically involves a combination of objective and subjective tests according to the child's age, developmental level, and specific needs. Pediatric Audiological Assessment

4. Objective Tests Audiological assessments that measure the physiological and neural responses to sound without requiring active participation or subjective feedback. Particularly useful for populations that may not be able to provide reliable responses

5. AUDTORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSE (ABR) ABR is considered one of the leading screening tests in detecting hearing loss in newborns and infants under six months of age. It is a safe and painless test to see how the auditory nerves and brain respond to sounds.

6. Small earphones placed in the child's ears and soft electrodes (small sensor stickers) near the ears and on the forehead. Clicking sounds and tones go through the earphones. Electrodes measure the auditory nerves and brain response to the sounds. How is ABR done?

7. Otoacoustic Emission Test (OAE) OAE measures hair cell function in the inner ear. It is used for a number of reasons, including screening of infants and other special populations. An emission refers to the sound generated within the normal cochlea of the ear in response to stimulation.

8. OAE amplitudes are generally in the range of -10 dB to +30 dB in healthy functioning ears. A soft earphone is inserted into baby's ear canal. It plays sounds and measures an "echo" response that occurs in ears with normal hearing. If there is no echo, the baby might have hearing loss. Procedure

9. Tympanometry Tympanometry is a simple test that can help diagnose problems related to hearing loss. In particular, it tests how well the middle ear works by measuring how the eardrum moves. The most common issues affecting the middle ear are usually easy to treat.

10. Normal tympanometry test results mean: No fluid in the middle ear. Eardrum moves normally. Normal pressure in the middle ear. Abnormal tympanometry test results may suggest: Fluid in the middle ear, Perforation of the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Middle ear pressure beyond the normal range. Earwax blocking the eardrum. Lack of mobility or other problems with the ossicles of the middle ear. Understanding The Results

11. Electrocochleography Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an objective test that measures the electrical potentials generated in the inner ear (cochlea) and auditory nerve in response to sound stimuli. This test is particularly useful in assessing cochlear function and diagnosing conditions such as Meniere’s disease, auditory neuropathy, and hearing loss in children.

12. A specialized electrode (either a transtympanic electrode that passes through the eardrum or an extratympanic electrode placed in the ear canal) is used. A series of clicks or tone bursts are presented to the child’s ear via earphones. These sounds are designed to elicit electrical responses from the cochlea and auditory nerve. The electrodes capture the electrical responses generated by the cochlea and auditory nerve. These responses are recorded and displayed as waveforms on a computer. How Does Electrocochleography Work?

13. Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) Used in pediatric audiology to assess hearing thresholds and diagnose the degree and type of hearing loss in infants and young children. ASSR tests measure the brain's electrical response to rapid auditory stimuli, providing detailed frequency-specific information about the auditory system.

14. Procedure Placing electrodes on the top of the head, behind the ears, and on the forehead (ground electrode). Ensuring electrodes are securely attached and have good contact with the skin to ensure low impedance. Present auditory stimuli (tones or modulated tones) at various frequencies and intensities through the earphones. The stimuli are typically presented binaurally (to both ears) or monaurally (to one ear at a time).

15. Advantages Non-Dependence on Subjective Responses Early Detection Precision and Reliability Assessment of Uncooperative Patients Monitoring Auditory Health Functional Assessment Non-Invasive Nature Wide Applicability Objective hearing tests offer several significant advantages, making them an essential component of audiological assessments. Here are some of the key benefits:

16. Disadvantages Limited Information on Hearing Perception Early Detection Complexity and Cost Environmental Sensitivity Limited Age Range Non-Specificity False Positives/Negatives Patient Comfort Objective hearing tests have several disadvantages despite their valuable role in diagnosing hearing impairments. Here are some key drawbacks: