Pelvimetry, pelvic abnormalities,congenital defects of female rep.tract

Pelvimetry, pelvic abnormalities,congenital defects of female rep.tract

1. Pelvimetry,
Pelvic Abnormalities,
Congenital defects of Female Rep.Tract
Prepared By:
Dr. alok bharti(M.V.Sc.),
C.V.Sc (SVVU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Hyderabad.

2. Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is defined as the branch of obstetrics which deals
with measurement of pelvis.
For selective breeding and cross breeding
Culling of undesired animals

3. Types
External/indirect pelvimetry
Internal/ direct pelvimetry
Radiographic pelvimetry

4. External pelvimetry
Procedure
3.Measure the distance between the two external angle of
ilia….(A)
5.Measure the distance between two ischial tuberosities
directly…..(B)
7.Measure the height from hip joint to the highest point
of croup…(C)

5. Calculation:
Pelvic outlet diameters:
4.Transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet
(X)=1/4*(A+B)
5.Superio-inferior diameter of the pelvic outlet (Y)=3/4*C
Pelvic inlet diameters:
8.Transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet =1.22*X
9.Sacro- pubic diameter of the pelvic inlet =1.3*Y

6. Internal/ direct pelvimetry
Measurement of the interior of the pelvis through the
rectum with a pelvimeter.

7. Diameters of pelvic inlet
•
Superio- inferior or sacro-pubic or conjugate
diameter: From sacral promontory to the cranial end of
the pubic symphysis.
•
Superio- transverse diameter : Diameter at the
upper third of pelvic cavity
•
Inferio- transverse diameter: between two psoas
tubercles.
•
Oblique sacro-ilial diameter: from the sacro-ilial joint
through the centre of the pelvic cavity to the psoas
tubercle of the opposite side.
•
Vertical Diameter: From the cranial of the pubic
symphysis to the junction of 3
rd
and 4
th
sacral vertebrae.

9. Pelvic diameters in different species (cm.)

10. PelvicAbnormalities
1.Upright pelvis - where the floor of the pelvic bones is
directly under the sacrum instead of behind and below
the sacrum. The upright pelvis occurs in animals with an
abnormally high tail setting often associated with a
straight stifle joint and its consequent lamenesses.
2. Goose rumps, where the drop in the topline occurs at or
in front of the sacro-iliac joint, i.e. at or just in front of
the haunch bone . May be due to accident and faulty
nutrition but in the majority of cases they are inherited.
There is a flattening of the pelvic girdle so that there is
insufficient room from the roof to the floor for the
passage of a foetus.

11. 3. Exaggerated lowness to the ground with a shortening of
the bones in an animal with exaggerated angulation.
Because of this shortening of the bones, the angle made
at the pelvis with the thigh becomes too acute so that
the pelvis is laid too much in the horizontal plane and
does not leave sufficient room from the roof to the floor
of the pelvic girdle for the passage of a normal sized
puppy.
4. Rickets and other rare causes can give a narrowing of
the pelvis but this is very uncommon today because of
the care in feeding of pedigree dogs.
5. Accidents to the pelvis.

12. CongenitalDefects ofthefemale

reproductivetract
Congenital lesions of the ovaries
1.One or both ovaries are absent (ovarian agenesis)
3.Ovarian hypoplasia -one or both ovaries are small,
functionless and composed of largely undifferentiated
parenchyma. Oocytes and follicles are virtually absent.

13. ABNORMALITIES OFTHEUTERINE
,
TUBES UTERUS ANDCERVIX
Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts
Developmental defects of the paramesonephric (Müllerian)
ducts lead to a wide range of anomalies of the vagina, cervix
and uterus.

14. Uterus unicornis.
Note normal left and right
ovaries (o) and complete
right horn (h). The left horn
comprises a flat band of
tissue with no lumen (b)
and a blind residual
segment.

15. White heifer disease.
Note both ovaries (o) are
normal with a corpus
luteum present in the right
and horns (h) distended
with accumulated fluid.

16. Uterus didelphys
with double external os
uteri.

17. Uterus didelphys
showing two completely
separate cervical
canals.

18. Extra-uterine Pregnancy
Condition where the uterus ruptures and the foetus is evacuated
into the abdomen along side the viscera.
Conditions predisposing to extra-uterine pregnancy
Uterine rupture associated with
4.Uterine torsion
5.Cervical non-dilatation
6.Gross uterine distension that occurs with twins in one horn
7.Hydrallantois
8.Excessive fetal size
9.Breech presentation
10.Insufficient uterine space for the extension of a limb or head,
inordinate traction on a wrongly disposed oversized fetus and
excessively vigorous retropulsion are the immediate causes of uterine
rupture.
11.External violence