pender health promotion.pptx

Theory

1. Nola Pender : Health Promotion Model .

2. KEYPOINTS BIOGRAPHY OF NOLA PENDER INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL METAPARADIGM OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ‘ MAJOR CONCEPT SUBCONCEPT MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL PROPOSITON OF THE MODEL STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESS OF THE MODEL APPLICATION OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCLUSION

3. NOLA PENDER Nola J. Pender (1941– present) is a nursing theorist who developed the Health Promotion Model in 1982. She is also an author and a professor emeritus of nursing at the University of Michigan. She started studying health-promoting behavior in the mid-1970s and first published the Health Promotion Model in 1982. Her Health Promotion Model indicates preventative health measures and describes nurses’ critical function in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and bold alternatives. Pender has been named a Living Legend of the American Academy of Nursing.

4. THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Modeltheory was originally published in 1982 and later improved in 1996 and 2002. It has been used for nursing research, education, and practice. Applying this  nursing theory and the body of knowledge that has been collected through observation and research, nurses are in the top profession to enable people to improve their well-being with self-care and positive health behaviors.

5. CONT.... According to Nola J. Pender, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention should focus on health care. When health promotion and prevention fail to anticipate predicaments and problems, care in illness becomes the subsequent priority. The Health Promotion Model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified through nursing actions. Health-promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome and is the endpoint in the Health Promotion Model. Health-promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life at all development stages. The final behavioral demand is also influenced by the immediate competing demand and preferences, which can derail intended health- promoting actions.

6. META-PARADIGM OF THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL The “first meta-paradigm of health promotion is person ” Pender’s model treats human beings as autonomous and unique creatures. The theorist focuses on the best concepts and ideas towards improving the health outcomes of every patient. This meta-paradigm also includes “social groups, vulnerable populations, healthy societies, patients, and families The second meta-paradigm is health . Nola does not identify health as a clinical subject. According to the theorist, health exists within “the context of the issues and concerns affecting different people”. The model promotes the best health outcomes in every human being.

7. cont... The “third nursing meta-paradigm is environment ” Every health outcome depends on the stability of the surrounding environment. Human beings have both internal and external environments. The model explains how the environment influences the health experiences of different patients. Socio-cultural, economic, and religious dimensions also affect people’s health practices. Nursing practice is the fourth meta-paradigm. Caregivers can use this theory to provide evidence-based support to their patients. Pender’s theory offers numerous strategies towards better nursing practice. The model explains why “nursing focuses on health support and disease prevention This meta-paradigm “combines every aspect of nursing such as the environment and human health.

8. MAJOR CONCEPT OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Health promotion is defined as behavior motivated by the desire to increase well- being and actualize human health potential. It is an approach to wellness.On the other hand, health protection or illness prevention is described as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within illness constraints. They include; Individual characteristics and experiences ( prior related behavior and personal factors). Behavior-specific cognitions and affect ( perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, and situational influences). Behavioral outcomes (commitment to a plan of action, immediate competing demands and preferences, and health-promoting behavior)

9. SUBCONCEPT OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Personal Factors Personal factors are categorized as biological, psychological, and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behavior . Personal biological factors include variables such as age, gender, body mass index , pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance. Personal psychological factors Include variables such as self-esteem, self- motivation, personal competence, perceived health status, and definition of health. Personal socio-cultural factors Include variables such as race, ethnicity, acculturation, education, and socioeconomic status. Perceived Benefits of Action Anticipated positive outcomes that will occur from health behavior. Perceived Barriers to Action Anticipated, imagined, or real blocks and personal costs of understanding a given behavior.

10. Cont … Perceived Self-Efficacy The judgment of personal capability to organize and execute a health-promoting behavior. Perceived self-efficacy influences perceived barriers to action, so higher efficacy results in lowered perceptions of barriers to the behavior’s performance

11. . Situational Influences Personal perceptions and cognitions of any given situation or context can facilitate or impede behavior. Include perceptions of options available, demand characteristics, and aesthetic features of the environment in which given health- promoting is proposed to take place. Situational influences may have direct or indirect influences on health behavior. Commitment to Plan of Action The concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy leads to the implementation of health behavior. Health-Promoting Behavio r A health-promoting behavior is an endpoint or action-outcome directed toward attaining positive health outcomes such as optimal wellbeing, personal fulfillment, and productive living.

12. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS OF HEALTH PROMTION MODEL Individuals seek to regulate their own behavior actively. Individuals in all their biopsychosocial complexity interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment and being transformed over time. Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which influences persons throughout their life span. Self-initiated reconfiguration of person-environment interactive patterns is essential to behavior change

13. THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Theoretical statements derived from the model provide a basis for investigative work on health behaviors. The HPM is based on the following theoretical propositions: 1. Prior behavior and inherited and acquired characteristics influence beliefs, affect, and enactment of health-promoting behavior. 2. Persons commit to engaging in behaviors from which they anticipate deriving personally valued benefits 3. Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to action, a mediator of behavior as well as actual behavior . 4. Perceived competence or self-efficacy to execute a given behavior increases the likelihood of commitment to action and actual performance of the behavior. 5. Greater perceived self-efficacy results in fewer perceived barriers to a specific health behaviour Positive affect toward a behavior results in greater perceived self-efficacy, which can in turn, result in increased positive affect. 7. When positive emotions or affect are associated with a behavior, the probability of commitment and action is increased.

14. STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES Strengths The Health Promotion Model is simple to understand, yet diving deeper shows its complexity in its structure. Nola Pender’s nursing theory focused on health promotion and disease prevention, making it stand out from other nursing theories. It is highly applicable in the community health setting. It promotes the nursing profession’s independent practice, being the primary source of health-promoting interventions and education.

15. WEAKNESS The Health Promotion Model of Pender could not define the nursing metapradigm or the concepts that a nursing theory should have, man, nursing, environment, and health. The conceptual framework contains multiple concepts, which may invite confusion to the reader. Its applicability to an individual currently experiencing a disease state was not given emphasis

16. APPLICATION OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING The model can be used to prevent diseases and health-related infections or injuries. It helps Nurses to consult clients to promote well-being. It is used to explain the patients’ risk factors. it helps Nurses to plan for behavior modification with the aim of assisting in health improvement. it helps Nurses to prevent unhealthy behaviors. The model has had an impact on increasing health awareness. Health promotion model has made the value of a healthy lifestyle become more significant.

17. CONCLUSION The thinking behind health promotion departs from the biomedical model of health and considers how biological, psychological and social factors interact to affect the health and health outcomes of individuals, communities and population groups It gives an accurate and in-depth understanding of what health means to people and how health is experienced enables healthcare professionals, planners and policymakers to develop and deliver health promotion interventions that prevent suboptimal health and address health inequalities.