Perception UNIT-6 PSYCHOLOGY BSC NURSING .pptx

NURSING PSYCHOLOGY, ACCORDING Bsc NURSING SYLLABUS

1. PERCEPTION DEEPA FARSOWAL

2. INTRODUCTION P erception is the process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. O ne way to think of this concept is that sensation is a physical process where as perception .

3. FOR EXAMPLE:-Upon entering in to house and smelling the scent of cooking garlic chutney the sensation is tha olfactory reception detecting the smell of garlic but the perception may be “wow” this smells like the garlic chutney.

4. MEANING - PERCEPTION Perception is the process of -Organization -Identification -Interpretation of sensory stimulus in order to represent and understand the current information or environment.

5. PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION Gestalt theorist following the basic principle that the whole is greater than the sum of its part. Some of the principles of perception are as follows: Perception is selective Perception is a process of supplementing Perception is an organizing activity Principle of figure – ground relationship Principle of proximity Principle of continuity Principle of closure Principle of similarity Principle of grouping

6. Perception is a context Perception is a contrast Perception is an adaptability Perceptual constancy

7. PERCEPTION IS SELECTIVE I n environment, we receive lots of sense impressions through the sense organs but at a given time. we don’t perceive all of them. Depending upon the determinants , we select a particular aspect of the environment for perception . for example:- we perceive only needed items out of all in supermarket.

8. PERCEPTION IS A PROCESS OF SUPPLEMENTING We perceive the full objects even there are no corresponding sensory impression and only some isolated sensation is received . For example:- we hear sound at a distance and perceive that atrain is approaching .

9. PERCEPTION IS AN ORGANIZING ACTIVITY

10. ORGANIZING ACTIVITY Principle of figure – ground relationship- The perception of the object or figure in terms of colour , size, shape and intensity. Principle of proximity -When object are close to each other . The tendency is to perceive them together rather than separate. Principle of continuity - W e see smooth continuous patterns rather than discontinuous one . A continuous line has an advantage in forcing itself into a figure. Principle of closure :- Items are perceived as complete units even though they could have interrupted by gaps. Principle of similarity :-Objects similar in appearance are perceived as being of same group.

11. PERCEPTION IS A CONTEXT For example:- A teacher may award high grade mark to the same home sheet in a pleasant context than in unpleasant context.

12. PERCEPTION IS A CONTRAST It states that external stimuli that stand out against the background , will receive attention.

13. PERCEPTION IS AN ADAPTABILITY Good perception organization depends upon the stimuli and the adaptability of the perceiver to perceive similar stimuli .

14. PERCEPTUAL CONSTANCY For example :- Due to size constancy leads us to perceive that the aeroplane we see at a distance is a large one even though we see its tiny image as it flies across the vast sky.

15. FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTION Factors that influence perception relate to the perceiver, perceived and situation. There are two kinds: 1. Internal endogenous factors 2. External exogenous factors

16. Internal (endogenous)factors- Internal factors reside in person like one’s needs, desires, personality and experiences. Perception varies depending upon variations in his/her needs and desires from time to time.

17. Factors affecting perception Factors in the situation Factors in the perceiver Time - attitudes work setting -motives Social setting -interests -experiences -expectation Factors in the target Novelty Motion Sound Size background proximity

18. External (exogenous) factors External factors relate to what is to be perceived and situation like intensity , size , frequency , status etc

19. P erceiver The person who is perceiving the stimulus is the perceiver. perceiver’s experience, need and emotion can affect his/her perception of thbe target. Factors in the perceiver:- Attitude Experiences Interest Motive exprectation

20. T arget Target is an object or person. Perception involves interpretation of the target. Ambiguous target are susceptible to interpretations. Factors in the target:- Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity

21. Situation Situation is a context for e.g - time that can affect what one perceiver. Time – Based on the level of fatigue. Work setting- E nvironment factors also affect the perception. Social setting -perception which allows people to understand to other people in their social world

22. Error of perception Some error creep in this process under certain circumstances leading to impaired perceptions. Major error- 1. hallucination- it is sensory perception in the absence of any corresponding external sensory stimuli. Hallucination -visual, auditory,olfactory , gustatory 2. illusion – it is a misinterpretation of actual perception. For example- A rope in dark is perceived as a snake. Minor error- stereo typing – making positive and negative generalization about or category of people are usually based on inaccurate assumptions and beliefs.

23. THANKS