Pericarditis

Pericarditis

1. PERICARDITIS

2. Pericarditis: is a condition caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac ,which may occur on an acute basis.

3. Etiology Idiopathic Infectious Virus- Coxsackievirus B group Bacteria-pneumococci Fungus- histoplasma Noninfectious Uremia MI Neoplasm Trauma AUTOIMMUNE/HYPERSENSITIVITY Dresslers syndrome Rheumatic fever Rheumatoid arthritis

4. Clinical Manifestations chest pain located beneath the clavicle, in the neck, or in the left scapula region may worsen with deep inspiration and when lying down or turning may be relieved with a forward leaning or sitting position.

5. mild fever Dyspnea and other signs and symptoms of heart failure may occur as the result of pericardial compression due to constrictive pericarditis or cardiac tamponade .

6. C omplications Pericardial effusion fluid collection in pericardial space Cardiac tamponade it develops when pericardial effusion increases in volume pulses paradoxus is present

7. Assessment and Diagnostic Findings patient’s history Physical examination signs of pericardial friction rub on auscultation 12-lead ECG detects ST changes Chest x-ray- cardiomegaly Echocardiogram Lab invst - elevated WBC,CRP,ESR Pericardial biopsy- analysis

8. Management Identifying treating the underlying problems patient is placed on bed rest Pericardiocentesis , procedure in which the pericardial fluid is removed Antibiotic therapy Analgesics and NSAIDs such as aspirin or ibuprofen Corticosteroids ( eg , prednisone )

9. Nursing management A ssessment The nurse caring for the patient with pericarditis must be alert to the possibility of cardiac tamponade

10. Nursing management Assessment The nurse caring for the patient with pericarditis must be alert to the possibility of cardiac tamponade Interventions Pain management elevate head end to 45 degrees cardiac table antinflammatory drugs Monitor for complications