periodic breathing

here i discuss about general topics regarding periodic breathing

1. By M.HARIHARAN B.SC RT Periodic breathinG

2. Breathing is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbondioxide is given out of the body. The normal relaxed breathing is called eupnea There are two phases of breathing: 1. Inhalation /Inspiration 2. Expiration / Exhalation Physiology of breathing

3. Inspiration and Expiration

4. Apnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Hyperventilation Kussumaul breathing Biot breathing C heyne -Stoke breathing Abnormal breathing

5. During apnea there is no movement of muscles for inhalation and the volume of lungs remain unchanged. CAUSES; Apnea can occur while choking food, called deglutition apnea. It can also occur due to laughing,crying , etc . voluntary apnea can also occur due to closure of vocal cords. Apnea

6. Apnea during sleep

7. Apnea Coma Absence of pulse Three diagonistic condition for brain death;

8. Increased rate of breathing i.e >20 breaths/min Normal breathing rate is 12-16breaths/min Tachypnea

9. During labor E xercise PATHOLOGICAL VARIATION; Carbon monoxide poisioning in which oxygen delivery to tissues and organs are blocked and leads to hypoxia and direct cell injury. Physiological variations

10. Decreased rate of breathing i.e.<12 breaths/min Characterized by slow ,shallow breathing. Bradypnea

11. May be due to congenital heart disease High blood pressure or hypertension Hypothyrodism Damage to heart tissues due to heart attack or heart diseases Degeneration of heart tissues because of ageing Causes for bradypnea

12. Hyperventilation occurs when the rate and quantity of alveolar ventilation of carbondioxide exceeds the production of carbondioxide . It is characterized by rapid and deep breathing. CAUSES; It may be voluntary or involuntary more common in stress,exercise etc. Hyperventilation

13. Hyperventilation cycle.

14. Kussumual breathing is named by Adolph kussumal It is the respiratory compensation for metabloic acidosis most commonly occur in diabetes It is rapid gasping and very deep breathing. Als called as “air hunger”. Kussumual breathing

15. It is named by camille biot . It is characterizied by apnea and hyperapnea . CAUSES FOR BIOTS BREATHING; Due to apnea carbondioxide accumulate and it stimulate respiratory centres lead to hyperventilation. During hyperventilation the carbondioxide level get decreases and cause apnea. Biot breathing

16. Normal physiological condition biot’s breathing does not occurs. Pathological condition such as trauma nervous disorder due to lesions or injury to brain may cause biot’s breathing. Conditionswhere biot breathing occurs;

17. This condition is named by John cheyne and W illiam stoke. It is characterizied by hyperpnea and apnea. There are two period in this type of breathing; H yperapneic period. A pneic period. Cheyne stoke breathing;

18. There is a waxing and waning in this breathing CAUSES FOR WAXING AND WANING; When the breathing is shallow force of respiration increaes and reaches high and cause hyperpnea At certain level it decreases gradually and cause apnea. when the breathing reach maximum it is called ‘’Waxing’’. When the breathing is gradually decrease it cause ‘’Waning’’. Hyperpneic period

19. Forced breathing oxygen level get increased ancd carbon dixoide level decreases. Therefore respiratory centre become inactive and cause Apnea. Accumulation of carbondioxide lead to hypecapnea and hypoxia they activate respiratory centre and cause increase in force of breathing. Causes for hyperpnea and apnea

20. Physiological condition; during sleep In high altitude New born babies Severe muscular exercise. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION; Increase in intracranial pressure During cardiac disease. Changes occurs in condiotns follows;

21. Apnea ; temporary stoppage of breathing. Tachypnea ; increased rate of breathing. Bradypnea ; decreased rate of breathing. Hyperventilation;rapid and deep breathing. Kussumual breathing;very deep breathing. Biot’s breathing; apnea and hyperpnea occurs Cheyne stoke breathing;waxing and waning occurs. Summary